Appendix tables

Chapter 2 Indicators of Australia's Welfare

Table A2.1: Criteria for indicators of welfare
Criterion	Definition	
Valid	The indicator measures the phenomenon it claims to measure - it relates closely to the phenomenon or to an essential aspect/element of the phenomenon.	
Relevant	Reflecting important social issues.	
Applicable across population groups	The indicator is meaningful for the general population and for the sub-population groups to which the topic is relevant.	
Reliable	The indicator is not likely to be influenced by variation in definitions or data collection methods in such a way that comparability over time or between sub-populations is compromised.	
Sensitive	When there is a significant change in the phenomenon of interest this will be reflected in a significant change in the indicator.	
Robust	A change in the indicator can be clearly interpreted to reflect a corresponding change in the phenomenon; the indicator is not liable to unpredictable or inexplicable fluctuations.	
Readily understood	The meaning and intent of the indicator is clear; accompanied by appropriate explanation/guidance, it can be readily understood by a general audience.	
Supported by data that are currently available and/or feasible to collect	Consistent time series data are available, or could feasibly be collected to support the indicator, such that the data can reasonably be compared over time to show trends in the phenomenon.	

Table A2.2: Status of indicators, 2003 and 2005
	2003	2005	Changes between 2003 and 2005	
Indicator	Table heading	Data year(s)	Table heading	Data year(s)		
Urban air quality	Number of days per year when concentrations of PM10 and ozone exceeded the Air NEPM standard level in selected cities (Table 2.2)	1990-99	Number of days per year when concentrations of PM10 and ozone exceeded the Air NEPM standard level, in major capital cities (Table 2.1)	2000-03	Updated trend data	
Access to potable water	-	No national data	-	No national data	None	
Reported usual daily intake of fruit and vegetables	Reported usual daily intake of fruit and vegetables, by age (Table 2.3)	2001	Self-reported usual daily intake of fruit and vegetables, by age (Table 2.2)	2001	No updated data	
Prevalence of obesity	Rates of obesity in Australian adults, by sex and age (Table 2.4)	2001	Prevalence of overweight and obesity: Australian men and women aged 18 years and over (Table 2.3)	1989-90, 1995 and 2001	Trend data	
Housing tenure	Tenure type and composition of households (Table 2.5)	2000-01	Tenure type and composition of households (Table 2.4)	2002-03	Updated data	
	Tenure type of Indigenous households (no table)	2001	Tenure type of Indigenous households (Table 2.5)	2002	Updated data	
Housing affordability	Households in the two lowest gross weekly income quintiles: households that spent more than 30% and more than 50% of their gross income on housing costs, by tenure type (Table 2.6)	1999	Households with equivalised disposable incomes in the bottom 40%: households that spent between 30-50% and more than 50% of their gross income on housing costs, by tenure type (Table 2.6)	2002-03	Updated data based on equivalised disposable income; different definition of housing costs applied.	
Homelessness	The whereabouts of homeless people on Census night (Table 2.7)	1996	The whereabouts of homeless people on Census night (Table 2.7)	1996 and 2001	Added 2001 data	
Life expectancy	Life expectancy, by Indigenous status (Table 2.8)	1999-2001	Life expectancy, by Indigenous status (Table 2.8)	1996-2001 Indigenous Australians 1998-2000 All Australians	Updated data	

Table A2.2 (continued): Status of indicators, 2003 and 2005
	2003	2005	Changes between 2003 and 2005	
Indicator	Table heading	Data year(s)	Table heading	Data year(s)		
Life expectancy (continued)	Life expectancy at birth, by quintile of socioeconomic disadvantage (Table 2.9)	1995-97	Life expectancy at birth and at age 65, by quintile of socioeconomic disadvantage (Table 2.9)	2000-01	Updated data	
Expected years of life with disability	Expected years of life with disability and with severe core activity limitation (Table 2.11)	1998	Expected years of life with disability and with severe or profound core activity limitation (Table 2.10)	1998 and 2003	Updated data	
Infant mortality	Average infant mortality, by Indigenous status (Table 2.10)	1999-2001	Indigenous Infant mortality rates, WA, SA and NT (Table 2.11)	1991-2002	Updated trend data; inclusion of only Indigenous rates for WA, SA and NT	
Mental health	Number and proportion of the adult population reporting very high levels of psychological distress, by age and sex (Table 2.12)	2001	Number and proportion of the adult population reporting very high levels of psychological distress, by age and sex (Table 2.12)	2001	No updated data	
Physical activity	Proportion of persons aged 18 years and over whose physical activity levels were considered sedentary (no table)	1997-2000	Proportion of persons aged 18 years and over whose physical activity levels were considered sedentary (no table)	1997-2000	No updated data; inclusion of children's sedentary activity	
Feelings of safety	Proportion of persons who felt safe or very safe at home alone during the day, and after dark (no table)	2002	Proportion of persons who felt safe or very safe at home alone during the day, and after dark (no table)	2002	No updated data	
Victims of crime	Victims of crime, by sex, age and offence category (rate per 100,000 persons) (Table 2.13)	2002	Victims of crime, by sex, age and offence category (rate per 100,000 persons in age group) (Table 2.13)	2003	Updated data	
Injury	Injury and poisoning deaths, by sex and type of injury (Figure 2.3)	1990-2000	Injury and poisoning deaths, by sex and type of injury (Figure 2.3)	1993-2003	Updated trend data	
Participation in education	Proportion of the population aged 15-64 participating in education (full-time or part-time), population subgroups, by age (Table 2.14)	2001	Proportion of Australians aged 15-64 participating in education, by type of educational institution (no table)	2004	Participation broken down by educational institution due to absence of new, published data on population subgroups	

Table A2.2 (continued): Status of indicators, 2003 and 2005
	2003	2005	Changes between 2003 and 2005	
Indicator	Table heading	Data year(s)	Table heading	Data year(s)		
Participation in education (continued)	Year 12 apparent retention rates, by sex and Indigenous status (Table 2.15)	2002	Year 12 apparent retention rates, by sex and Indigenous status (Table 2.14)	2004	Updated data	
Educational attainment	Level of highest educational attainment, by age (Table 2.16)	2002	Level of highest educational attainment, by age (Table 2.15)	2004	Updated data	
Literacy among schoolchildren	Year 3 and Year 5 students achieving national educational benchmarks, by sex and Indigenous status (Table 2.17)	2000	Year 3, 5 and 7 students achieving national educational benchmarks, by sex and Indigenous status (Table 2.16)	1999-2002	Updated trend data; inclusion of national writing and Year 7 benchmarks	
Population literacy	Proportion of adults aged 15-74 years with prose and document literacy (no table)	1996	Proportion of adults aged 15-74 years with prose and document literacy (no table)	1996	No updated data	
Income and income distribution	Households, equivalent weekly disposable income, by quintile ($) (Table 2.18)	2000-01	Weekly household equivalent disposable income, by quintile ($) (Table 2.17)	2002-03	Median, not mean, discussed in text	
			Share of total income received by persons in low-income and high-income households (Table 2.18)	1994-95 to 2002-03	New indicator	
Income disadvantage	Income disadvantage: households with equivalent weekly disposable income below 40%, 50% and 60% of the median for all households, and people and children living in those households (Table 2.19)	2000-01	Income disadvantage: households with weekly equivalised disposable income below 40%, 50% and 60% of the median for all households, and people and children living in those households (Table 2.19)	2002-03	Updated data	
			Trends in income disadvantage: Australians living in households with weekly equivalised disposable income below 40%, 50% and 60% of the median for all households (Table 2.20)	1995-96 to 2002-03	Trend data	
Financial stress and hardship	Households: level of financial stress, by selected life-cycle groups (Table 2.20)	1998-99	Proportion of households reporting 3 or more cash flow problems in last 12 months, and proportion of total population (Table 2.21)	2002	New presentation of indicator	

Table A2.2 (continued): Status of indicators, 2003 and 2005
	2003	2005	Changes between 2003 and 2005	
Indicator	Table heading	Data year(s)	Table heading	Data year(s)		
Wealth and wealth distribution	Median household net worth, by household type (Table 2.21)	2000	Assets, debts and net worth per household ($000) (Table 2.22)	2002	New presentation of indicator	
Labour force participation	Employment indicators (Table 2.22)	2002	Employment indicators (Table 2.23)	2004	Updated data	
Employment basis and conditions	Proportion of part-time workers, by sex (in Table 2.22) Proportion of full-time workers without leave entitlements, by sex (in Table 2.22) Average weekly hours worked, by sex (in Table 2.22)	2002	Proportion of part-time workers, by sex (in Table 2.23) Proportion of full-time workers without leave entitlements, by sex (in Table 2.23) Average weekly hours worked, by sex (in Table 2.23)	2004	Updated data	
Employment and labour force differentials	Indigenous labour force status of persons aged 15 years and over (Table 2.23)	2001	Labour force status of persons aged 18 years and over, by Indigenous status (Table 2.24)	2002	Updated data: population excludes 15-17 year olds	
Transport	Car use and access (no table)	2001	Access to motor vehicles to drive (Table 2.25)	2002	New indicator	
			Ease of getting to places needed (Table 2.26)	2002	New indicator	
	Access to public transport (general population) (no table) Access to public transport (people with a disability) (no table)	2000-01 1998	Access to public transport (general population) (no table) Access to public transport (people with a disability) (no table)	2002 (general public) 2003 (people with a disability)	Updated data; general public transport for Sydney residents only	
Telephone access	Number of fixed phone lines (no table)	1996 and 2000	Number of fixed phone lines and mobile phones (no table)	1993-2002	New presentation of indicator	
Internet access	Household Internet access (no table)		Households with computers and with Internet access, by income quintile and geographic location (Table 2.27)	2002	New indicator	
		1990-99	Proportion of people who accessed the Internet at home in last 12 months (Table 2.28)	2002 (in table) 2003 (in text)	Updated data	

Table A2.2 (continued): Status of indicators, 2003 and 2005
	2003	2005	Changes between 2003 and 2005	
Indicator	Table heading	Data year(s)	Table heading	Data year(s)		
Overall pattern of time use	Overall pattern of time use: main activity (no table)	1997	Overall pattern of time use: main activity (no table)	1997	No updated data	
Overall pattern of recreation and leisure activities	Average daily time spent on recreation and leisure as main activities, by sex (Table 2.24)	1997	Time spent on recreation and leisure as main activities, by sex (Table 2.29)	1997	No updated data	
	Average daily time spent on recreation and leisure, by age and sex (Table 2.25)	1997			Indicator removed	
Recreation and employment	Average daily time spent on recreation and leisure as main activities, by employment status and sex (Table 2.26)	1997	Time spent on recreation and leisure as main activities, by employment status and sex (Table 2.30)	1997	No updated data	
Family formation	Social marital status, by sex and age (Table 2.27)	2001	Social marital status of Australians aged 15 years and over (Table 2.31)	1991, 1996 and 2001	Trend data; not broken down by age or sex	
	Australian family types (Figure 2.4)	2001	Australian family types (Table 2.32)	1976-2001	Trend data	
	Age-specific divorce rates (Table 2.28)	1991 and 2001	Age-specific divorce rates (Table 2.33)	1983, 1993 and 2003	Trend data; divorce rates calculated per resident males and females	
Family functioning	No indicator developed		No indicator developed			
Domestic violence	Domestic violence: Australians who were assaulted by a partner, ex-partner or other family member (Table 2.29)	2002	Proportion of women who had been a victim of male intimate partner violence in last 12 months and in lifetime (no table)	2003	Updated data	
			Proportion of clients stating domestic violence as the main reason seeking SAAP assistance (no table)	1996-1997 to 2003-04	Trend data	
Child abuse and neglect			Rates of children aged 0-16 per 1,000 who were the subject of a child protection substantiation, by state and territory (Table 2.34)	1998-99 to 2003-04	Trend data	

(continued)

Table A2.2 (continued): Status of indicators, 2003 and 2005
	2003	2005	Changes between 2003 and 2005	
Indicator	Table heading	Data year(s)	Table heading	Data year(s)		
Child abuse and neglect (continued)	Rates of children who were the subject of a child protection substantiation, by age, Indigenous status, and state and territory (Table 2.30)	2001-02	Rates of children who were the subject of a child protection substantiation, by age, Indigenous status, and state and territory (Table 2.35)	2003-04	Updated data	
Social and support networks	Frequency of contact with family and friends	No national data	Australians who were in contact in the last week with family and friends living outside the household (Table 2.36)	2002	New indicator	
	Access to social support in times of crisis	No national data	Sources of support in times of crisis, by age group (Table 2.37)	2002	New indicator	
Social detachment	Rates of imprisonment, by age, sex and Indigenous status (Table 2.31)	2002 (30 June)	Rates of imprisonment, all prisoners and Indigenous prisoners (Table 2.38)	1994-2004 (30 June)	Trend data, not broken down by age or sex	
Trust	Per cent of Australian population who felt they could trust most people (no table)	1995-96	Per cent of Australian population who felt they could trust most people (no table)	2003	Updated data	
	Level of confidence in selected institutions (Table 2.32)	1983, 1995 and 2001	Levels of confidence in selected institutions (Table 2.39)	1983, 1995, 2001 and 2003	Trend data; added additional year of data	
Community engagement	Participation in voluntary work: time spent, by age and sex (Table 2.33)	1995 and 2000	Participation in voluntary work in last 12 months, by age and sex (Table 2.40)	1995,2000 and 2002	Trend data; added additional year of data; presented as per cent involved in voluntary work only	
	People who made monetary donations to charities and nonprofit organisations, by volunteer status (Table 2.34)	2000	People who made monetary donations to charities and nonprofit organisations, by volunteer status (Table 2.41)	2000	No updated data	
Civic engagement	No indicator developed	No national data	Active membership in various civic organisations (Table 2.42)	2003	New indicator	

Table A2.3: Injury deaths, by age, sex, and type of injury, 2003 (number and rate per 100,000 population)
	Transport	Poisoning	Falls	Suicide	Homicide	All injuries/poisoning	
Sex/ age	No.	/100,000	No.	/100,000	No.	/100,000	No.	/100,000	No.	/100,000	No.	/100,000	
Males	
0-4	26	4.0	1	0.2	0	0.0	0	0.0	8	1.2	73	11.3	
5-14	42	3.0	0	0.0	1	0.1	6	0.4	3	0.2	70	5.0	
15-19	171	24.3	11	1.6	14	2.0	89	12.6	12	1.7	333	47.3	
20-29	311	22.5	112	8.1	25	1.8	342	24.7	54	3.9	945	68.3	
30-44	342	15.3	204	9.1	39	1.7	609	27.2	73	3.3	1,444	64.5	
45-64	276	11.6	84	3.5	75	3.2	453	19.1	37	1.6	1,122	47.3	
65+	168	14.8	22	1.9	516	45.5	237	20.9	10	0.9	1,282	113.0	
Total males	1,336	13.5	434	4.4	671	6.8	1,737	17.6	198	2.0	5,273	53.4	
Females	
0-4	20	3.2	2	0.3	2	0.3	0	0.0	11	1.8	78	12.7	
5-14	30	2.3	0	0.0	1	0.1	7	0.5	5	0.4	55	4.2	
15-19	53	7.9	9	1.3	3	0.4	24	3.6	5	0.7	105	15.6	
20-29	74	5.5	31	2.3	2	0.1	66	4.9	20	1.5	220	16.2	
30-44	86	3.8	68	3.0	10	0.4	172	7.6	20	0.9	401	17.7	
45-64	92	3.9	50	2.1	24	1.0	152	6.4	10	0.4	390	16.5	
65+	120	8.5	35	2.5	734	52.0	56	4.0	11	0.8	1,227	86.9	
Total females	475	4.7	195	1.9	776	7.8	477	4.8	82	0.8	2,476	24.7	
Persons	
0-4	46	3.6	3	0.2	2	0.2	0	0.0	19	1.5	151	11.9	
5-14	72	2.7	0	0.0	2	0.1	13	0.5	8	0.3	125	4.6	
15-19	224	16.3	20	1.5	17	1.2	113	8.2	17	1.2	438	31.8	
20-29	385	14.1	143	5.2	27	1.0	408	14.9	74	2.7	1,165	42.5	
30-44	428	9.5	272	6.0	49	1.1	781	17.3	93	2.1	1,845	40.9	
45-64	368	7.8	134	2.8	99	2.1	605	12.8	47	1.0	1,512	31.9	
65+	288	11.3	57	2.2	1,250	49.1	293	11.5	21	0.8	2,509	98.6	
Total	1,811	9.1	629	3.2	1,447	7.3	2,214	11.1	280	1.4	7,749	39.0	

Note: The 5 topics reported here do not include all injury deaths. Some categories of injury death, such as burns, fire and scalds, are not listed separately here but are included within the injuries/poisoning total.

Source: AIHW National Injury Surveillance Unit processed, checked and combined the relevant data years to facilitate analysis.

Table A2.4: Injury deaths per 100,000 population,(a) by sex and type of injury, 1993-2003
	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	
Males	
Transport	18.7	17.8	18.2	18.0	15.6	15.3	15.6	15.5	15.7	14.5	13.6	
Poisoning	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.8	2.5	4.8	8.4	6.0	4.4	3.8	4.4	
Falls	7.5	7.9	7.6	8.2	7.6	8.0	8.5	8.0	8.2	8.7	8.3	
Suicide	19.6	21.0	21.1	21.5	23.6	23.2	21.6	19.9	20.3	18.8	17.7	
Homicide	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	
Total males	61.0	61.0	60.6	62.9	61.8	63.3	65.5	61.0	59.2	56.6	55.6	
Females	
Transport	6.8	7.0	7.5	6.2	6.2	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.1	5.0	4.6	
Poisoning	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.4	1.6	3.0	2.6	2.2	2.0	1.9	
Falls	4.9	5.9	5.5	5.8	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.6	5.9	6.6	5.9	
Suicide	4.5	4.8	5.5	5.1	6.2	5.6	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.0	4.7	
Homicide	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.8	
Total females	22.0	23. 2	24.4	22.4	24. 2	23.6	24.7	24.9	22.8	23.3	22.2	
Persons	
Transport	12.6	12.3	12.7	12.0	10.8	10.5	10.6	10.5	10.3	9.7	9.1	
Poisoning	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9	3.2	5.7	4.3	3.3	2.9	3.2	
Falls	6.0	6.8	6.4	6.9	6.8	6.9	7.1	7.3	6.9	7.5	6.9	
Suicide	11.9	12.8	13.1	13.1	14.7	14.3	13.2	12.3	12.7	11.8	11.1	
Homicide	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.4	
All injuries/poisoning	40.9	41.6	42.0	42.1	42.5	43.0	44.5	42.5	40.5	39.5	38.4	

(a) Age-standardised rates per 100,000 population.

Notes
1. Changes observed between 1998 and 1999 are likely to be due, at least in part, to the transition from ICD-9 to ICD-10. Apparent changes in rates during the transition period should be interpreted with special caution, particularly with respect to poisoning, falls and homicide categories.

Transport: (ICD-9 E800-E848) (ICD-10 V01 to V99) Poisoning: (ICD-9 E850-E858, E860-E869) (ICD-10 X40-X49) Suicide: (ICD-9 E950-E959) (ICD-10 X60-X84)

Falls: (ICD-9 E880-E888) (ICD-10 W00-W19; ICD-10 revised for comparability with ICD-9 E880-E888 W00-W19; or X59 and any Multiple Cause code S02, S12, S32, S42, S52, S62, S72, S82, S92, T02, orT14.2)

Homicide: (ICD-9 E960-E978, E990-E999) (ICD-10 X85 to Y09)
2. The 5 topics reported here do not include all injury deaths. Some categories of injury death, such as burns, fire and scalds, are not listed separately here but are included within the injuries/poisoning total.

Source: AIHW National Injury Surveillance Unit processed, checked and combined the relevant data years to facilitate analysis.

Chapter 3 Children, Youth and Families

Table A3.1: Employment status of mothers, June 2003 (per cent)
	Age of youngest child (years)	
Hours worked	0-2	3-4	5-11	12-14	15-24*	
Full-time	15.1	19.8	26.1	37.6	38.9	
Part-time	31.6	40.6	43.3	38.0	35.1	
Not employed	53.3	39.7	30.6	24.4	26.0	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
* Dependent students aged 15-24 years.

Source: ABS 2004f.

Table A3.2: Age structure of interstate migrants, 2001
Age group (years)	Per cent	
0-4	7.9	
5-9	6.8	
10-14	5.6	
15-19	7.8	
20-24	12.2	
25-29	12.3	
30-34	11.4	
35-39	8.1	
40-44	6.6	
45-49	5.2	
50-54	4.6	
55-59	3.9	
60-64	2.6	
65-69	1.7	
70-74	1.2	
75+	2.0	

Source: ABS 2004c.

Table A3.3: Australian Government-supported child care operational places, 1991-2004
	Long day care centres				
	Community-based (a)	Private-for-profit (b)	Family day care (c)	Outside school hours care (d)	Occasional care/ other (e)	
1991	39,567	36,700	42,501	44,449	5,059	
1992	40,262	53,210	45,454	48,222	5,634	
1993	42,777	61,375	47,855	50,340	5,626	
1994	43,399	80,374	51,651	59,840	6,228	
1995	44,566	99,909	54,041	64,046	6,365	
1996	45,601	122,462	60,091	71,846	6,575	
1997	46,294	136,571	62,714	78,970	6,564	
1998	51,710	142,844	63,725	134,354	6,722	
1999	50,589	139,737	64,037	160,955	6,754	
2000	50,368	140,547	66,294	179,743	6,492	
2001	61,248	132,561	70,840	230,511	4,867	
2002	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	
2003	64,255	147,390	71,123	229,934	4,952	
2004	65,260	164,343	74,508	229,603	4,045	

(a) From 2001 includes those operated by community groups, religious organisations, charities, local governments, and by or in state government premises.

(b) Employer and other non-profit centres are included until 2000. In 2001, with the introduction of the Child Care Operator System, data from employer and other non-profit centres were recorded according to ownership status to either community or private.

(c) Also includes family day care schemes offering in-home care, and stand-alone in-home services; 2003 includes planned and pooled places as at 5 September 2003.

(d) The large increase between June 1997 and June 1998 is due to the inclusion for the first time of vacation care places previously funded under block grant arrangements and a change to a consistent counting methodology. Includes before and after school care and vacation care; 2003 includes planned and pooled places as at 5 September 2003.

(e) From 1992 to 1997 includes occasional care centres, neighbourhood model services, multifunctional Aboriginal children's services, and multifunctional services. After 1997 excludes neighbourhood model services. For 2004, components of multifunctional children's services are included in the relevant service type categories.

Source: Centrelink administrative data.

Table A3.4: The use of formal and informal child care, 2002 (per cent)
	Age of child (years)	
Type of care	Under 1	1	2	3	4	5	6-8	9-11	Total	
Formal and/or informal	
* Formal only	4.2	15.7	25.5	37.5	54.1	17.3	8.3	4.7	15.8	
* Both	2.8	11.2	15.6	25.2	28.8	10.9	4.7	2.6	9.6	
* Informal only	26.9	30.0	24.0	13.4	5.4	21.5	27.3	25.4	23.3	
Total in care	33.9	57.0	65.1	76.1	88.4	49.7	40.4	32.6	48.7	
No care used	66.1	43.0	34.9	23.9	11.6	50.3	59.6	67.4	51.3	
All children	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
All children ('000)	242.2	247.4	249.3	252.3	250.9	257.6	793.4	806.8	3,100.0	

Source: ABS 2003d.

Table A3.5: Qualifications and training of workers in Australia Government-supported child care services, 2004 (per cent)
	Level of qualifications	In-service training last 12 months I in	
Type of service	Has qualifications	Studying for qualifications	3+ years' experience	None of these	Total	Training undertaken	No training	Total	
Long day care centres	60	16	12	13	100	76	24	100	
* Community-based	60	11	16	13	100	75	25	100	
* Private-for-profit	60	18	10	12	100	76	24	100	
Family day care coordination unit staff	73	5	14	7	100	87	13	100	
Family day care providers	25	6	39	30	100	84	16	100	
Before/after school care	40	25	13	22	100	66	34	100	
Vacation care	41	25	12	22	100	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	
Occasional care/other (a)	47	11	14	28	100	68	32	100	

(a) Includes occasional care centres, multifunctional Aboriginal children's services, multifunctional children's services and in-home care services.

Notes
1. Double-counting may occur for workers in before/after school care and vacation care services.
2. Each worker has been counted once for level of qualifications and once for in service training. However, a qualified worker may also be studying for a qualification and/or have 3 or more years experience.
3. These data are weighted (adjusted for agency non-response).
4. Workers include paid and unpaid workers.
5. Vacation care does not report on in-service training undertaken by staff.
6. Some rows may add to less than or greater than 100 due to rounding.

Source: FaCS 2005.

Table A3.6: Combinations of study and work, 1998 and 2004
	15-19 year olds	20-24 year olds	
	1998	2004	1998	2004	1998	2004	1998	2004	
Work/study combinations	Number ('000)	Per cent	Number ('000)	Per cent	
Full-time study and full-time work	5.7	8.6	0.4	0.6	8.1	15.6	0.6	1.1	
Full-time study and part-time work	305.0	370.6	23.5	27.0	111.8	174.9	8.3	12.6	
Part-time study and full-time work	75.2	71.5	5.8	5.2	117.2	103.3	8.7	7.4	
Part-time study and part-time work	10.9	16.6	0.8	1.2	25.8	37.3	1.9	2.7	
Full-time study only (a)	574.0	565.4	44.3	41.2	128.3	169.5	9.6	12.2	
Full-time work only	131.6	142.9	10.1	10.4	599.5	570.1	44.6	41.1	
Population in age group ('000)	1,296.8	1,373.1	. .	. .	1,343.0	1,387.8	. .	. .	

(a) Employment status of unemployed or not in the labour force. Source: ABS 2004h.

Table A3.7: Trends in labour force participation of young people, 1983-84 and 2003-04 (per cent)
	15-19 year olds	20-24 year olds	
Employment status	1983-84	2003-04	1983-84	2003-04	
Employed full-time	33.36	16.98	62.53	50.77	
Employed part-time	13.04	33.72	7.97	23.13	
Unemployed	14.10	9.45	11.19	7.21	
Not in the labour force	39.46	39.88	18.27	18.93	
Population ('000)	1,278.7	1,383.3	1,328.1	1,393.3	

Source: ABS 2005b.

Table A3.8: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out-of-home care by whether placed in accordance with the Aboriginal Child Placement Principle, at 30 June 2004
Relationship	NSW (a)	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	TAS	ACT	NT	
	Number	
Indigenous relative/kin	n.a.	98	326	282	37	3	26	67	
Other Indigenous caregiver	n.a.	117	236	127	131	3	5	53	
Other non-Indigenous relative/kin	n.a.	81	42	33	15	13	3	n.a. (b)	
Indigenous residential care	n.a.	12	3	28	-	-	1	-	
Total in accordance with the Principle	n.a.	308	607	470	183	19	35	120	
Other non-Indigenous caregiver	n.a.	155	351	77	51	28	18	55	
Non-Indigenous residential care	n.a.	36	-	33	2	-	5	-	
Total not placed in accordance with the  Principle	n.a.	191	351	110	53	28	23	55	
Total	n.a.	499	958	580	236	47	58	175	
	Per cent	
Indigenous relative/kin	n.a.	20	34	49	16	6	45	38	
Other Indigenous caregiver	n.a.	23	25	22	56	6	9	30	
Other non-Indigenous relative/kin	n.a.	16	4	6	6	28	5	n.a. (b)	
Indigenous residential care	n.a.	2	-	5	-	-	2	-	
Total in accordance with the Principle	n.a.	62	63	81	78	40	60	69	
Other non-Indigenous caregiver	n.a.	31	37	13	22	60	31	31	
Non-Indigenous residential care	n.a.	7	-	6	1	-	9	-	
Total not placed in accordance with the Principle	n.a.	38	37	19	22	60	40	31	
Total	n.a.	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	

(a) NSW was unable to provide data due to the ongoing implementation of the data system.

(b) The relationship of the caregiver to children placed with other caregivers was not available and these children were places in the 'other Indigenous caregiver' category.

Source: AI HW 2005b.

Table A3.9: Juvenile offenders, 1995-96 and 2001-02 (rate per 100,000 persons)
Offence type	1995-96	2001-02	
Homicide	2.5	2.3	
Assault	424.4	404.3	
Sexual assault	10.1	13.4	
Robbery	83.1	82.1	
Motor vehicle theft	533.3	394.6	
Unlawful entry with intent	1,120.1	771.5	
Other theft	2,371.9	1,246.6	
Fraud	119.0	87.8	

Source: AIC 2003: figure 49.

Table A3.10: Juvenile justice clients aged 10-17 years, supervised in the community and in detention centres, at 30 June 2004 a, b, c
	NSW	Vic (d)	Qld (e)	WA (f)	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	
	Number	
Community	209	65	94	118	63	28	17	10	
Detention	991	597	1232	607	449	514	167	135	
	Per cent	
Community	82.6	90.2	92.9	83.7	87.7	94.8	90.8	93.1	
Detention	17.4	9.8	7.1	16.3	12.3	5.2	9.2	6.9	

(a) Only those young people who are under the supervision or case management of juvenile justice departments on a pre or post sentence legal arrangement or order are included (e.g. young people on supervised bail, remand, a community services order, parole and in detention).

(b) The table does not include juvenile justice clients over 17 years of age at 30 June 2004.

(c) Clients may be on multiple orders at any one time. The distribution is therefore not based on order type but where the client was located at 30 June 2004.

(d) Children's court legislation in Vic applies to persons aged 10-16 years. However, Vic has a dual track system for persons aged 17-20 years at the time of sentencing in the adult court system. Such persons may be sentenced to the juvenile justice system but there is no provision for detaining persons aged 17 years and over who are only on remand. Vic detention count excludes clients on imprisonment and adult correction orders. Clients in detention do not include those custodial clients that have escaped; however, these clients are included in calculating 100% of Vic clientele.

(e) Legislation applies to those young people who were aged 10-16 years at the time of the offence. The data do, however, include those 17 year olds who were still on supervision in the juvenile justice system at 30 June 2004.

(f) Exclude persons subject to Juvenile Justice Team Referrals. Source: SCRCSSP 2005.

Table A3.11: Indigenous and other Australians aged 10-17 years in juvenile detention (rate per 100,000 relevant population as at 30 June), 1994 -2003
	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	
Indigenous	413.9	389.7	406.4	429.9	422.5	357.5	323.9	318.1	281.4	320.9	
Other Australian	24.3	26.5	24.8	22.9	22.0	19.0	17.8	15.1	13.5	16.1	

Source: AIC 2004: tables 5b, 5d.

Chapter 4 Ageing And Aged Care

Table A4.1: Carers receiving Carer Payment and Carer Allowance, 4th quarter 2004 (number)
	Carer Payment	Carer Allowance	
Carer age	Males	Females	Persons	Males	Females	Persons	
Carer looking after person(s) aged under 65	
<25	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	1,254	3,743	4,997	
25-44	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	10,824	94,413	105,237	
45-64	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	20,396	63,606	84,002	
65-74	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	4,986	5,050	10,036	
75+	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	665	1,995	2,660	
Total	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	38,125	168,807	206,932	
Carer looking after person(s) aged 65+	
<25	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	263	390	653	
25-44	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	3,299	6,182	9,481	
45-64	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	9,180	32,305	41,485	
65-74	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	10,574	23,110	33,684	
75+	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	15,375	17,551	32,926	
Total	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	38,691	79,538	118,229	
All carers	
<25	1,318	2,061	3,379	1,518	4,123	5,641	
25-44	8,947	15,693	24,640	14,118	100,573	114,691	
45-64	20,197	39,945	60,142	29,452	95,235	124,687	
65-74	1,091	1,337	2,428	15,501	27,993	43,494	
75+	169	266	435	16,024	19,493	35,517	
Total	31,722	59,302	91,024	76,613	247,417	324,030	

Notes
1. Recipients may look after more than one person; consequently, the sum of individual constituents may not equal the total. People may receive both the Allowance and Payment.
2. Carer Allowance figures do not include those carers of a child with a disability who are ineligible for the Allowance but entitled to a Health Care Card due to the care needs of the child.

Source: Centrelink unpublished data: Carer Payment data as at 10 December 2004, Carer Allowance data as at 7 January 2005.

Table A4.2: Care recipients of carers receiving Carer Allowance, 4th quarter 2004 (number) (a) Age of care recipient Males Females Persons
Age of care recipient	Males	Females	Persons	
0-14	74,308	35,011	109,319	
15-24	16,303	9,589	25,892	
25-44	14,733	12,323	27,056	
45-64	37,884	25,436	63,320	
65-74	22,744	18,526	41,270	
75+	36,717	42,706	79,423	
Total	202,689	143,591	346,280	

(a) Equivalent information is not available for care recipients of carers receiving the Carer Payment.

Note: Carer Allowance figures do not include those children with a disability who are cared for by a carer who is ineligible for the Allowance but entitled to a Health Care Card due to the care needs of the child.

Source: Centrelink unpublished data, as at 7 January 2005.

Table A4.3: New residential aged care allocations and operational places, 1994-95 to 2003-04
Financial year	New allocations	Increase in operational places	
1994-95	2,955	3,459	
1995-96	1,253	2,041	
1996-97	1,258	2,207	
1997-98	-	859	
1998-99	2,266	734	
1999-00	2,946	511	
2000-01	7,642	1,465	
2001-02	6,286	2,032	
2002-03	5,579	4,537	
2003-04	5,889	5,255	

Note: Table does not include Multi-purpose and flexible services.

Source: AIHW 2005b; AIHW analysis of DoHA ACCMIS database as at November 2004.

Table A4.4: Length of stay in a CACP or residential aged care by people aged 65 and over, separations during 2003-04 (per cent)
	CACP	Respite care	Permanent care	
<1 week	0.4	8.1	1.9	
1-<2 weeks	1.0	22.7	2.3	
2-<3 weeks	1.1	32.6	2.1	
3-<4 weeks	1.3	13.4	1.9	
4-<8 weeks	5.6	16.4	5.7	
8-<13 weeks	7.0	5.8	5.0	
13-<26 weeks	13.8	0.9	8.7	
26-<39 weeks	10.5	0.1	6.2	
39-<52 weeks	8.4	-	5.2	
1-<2 years	23.3	-	15.8	
2-<3 years	13.7	-	11.3	
3-<4 years	6.7	-	8.6	
4-<5 years	3.1	-	6.2	
5-<8 years	3.8	-	11.8	
8+ years	0.4	-	7.2	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (separations)	12,782	43,993	47,421	

Notes
1. Age is at separation.
2. Table does not include clients of Multi-purpose and flexible services.
3. Figures exclude transfers between service providers for care of the same type (that is, respite or permanent care).
4. Components may not add to total due to rounding.

Source: AIHW analysis of DoHA ACCMIS database as at November 2004.

Table A4.5: Key statistics of clients (aged 65+) of selected aged care services, by country of birth, 2004
	HACC 2003-04	ACAP 2003-04	CACP 30 June 2004	EACH 30 June 2004	Permanent residential care 30 June 2004	Residential respite 2003-04	
Use (%)	Clients	Clients	Recipients	Recipients	Residents	Admissions	
Australian-born	72.0	75.1	67.9	63.6	74.2	73.1	
Overseas-born: main English-speaking countries	10.5	10.5	11.4	11.0	12.5	13.5	
Overseas-born: non-English-speaking countries	17.5	14.4	20.7	25.4	13.3	13.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	537,100	150,800	25,722	646	138,754	44,068	
Median age 65+ (years)	
Australian-born	80.5	83.6	83.3	80.6	85.9	83.8	
Overseas-born: main English-speaking countries	80.9	83.8	83.9	80.7	86.5	84.0	
Overseas-born: non-English-speaking countries	78.7	81.5	81.4	79.6	83.7	82.0	
All	80.3	83.3	83.0	80.3	85.7	83.6	
Ratio of female to male clients	
Australian-born	2.2	1.9	2.7	1.8	2.9	1.8	
Overseas-born: main English-speaking countries	1.8	1.7	2.3	1.2	2.7	1.7	
Overseas-born: non-English-speaking countries	1.8	1.6	2.4	1.4	2.1	1.5	
All	2.1	1.8	2.6	1.6	2.7	1.7	
Usage rate (per 1,000 people aged 65+)	208.8	58.6	9.9	0.2	53.3	17.1	
Ratio of clients to people 65+ with severe or profound disability (per 1,000 people)	931.0	261.4	43.9	1.1	236.7	76.4	

Notes
1. 'Australian-born' includes those born in Australian external territories. The main English-speaking country category for those born overseas comprises people born in New Zealand, Ireland, United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada or South Africa. The non-English-speaking country category for those born overseas comprises people born in other countries.
2. Resident population estimates used to derived usage rates are from those released by the ABS in December 2004. Usage rates over the year are derived using December 2003 population estimates; usage rates as at 30 June 2004 are derived using June 2004 population estimates.
3. Population estimates by disability status are obtained using age/sex disability rates from the ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers in conjunction with the estimated resident population for December 2003 and June 2004.
4. Not all HACC agencies submitted data to the HACC MDS. For 2003-04, the proportion of HACC-funded agencies that submitted HACC MDS data differed across jurisdictions, and ranged from 77% to 99%. Actual client numbers will therefore be higher than those reported here.
5. Residential care annual figures exclude transfers between service providers for care of the same type (that is, respite care).
6. All cases with missing data are included in the table, using pro-rating. Missing rates (age, sex and/or country of birth) were as follows. ACAP: 4.3%; HACC: 7.3%; CACP (country of birth only): 6.1%; RACS respite (country of birth only): 0.1%; RACS permanent (country of birth only): 0.8%. For HACC, clients with unknown age (date of birth reported as 1 January 1900 or 1901 (see AIHW: Karmel 2005), or age greater than 110) are assumed to be aged 65 and over.
7. Table does not include clients of Multi-purpose and flexible service places or packages.

Sources: ABS 2004b; AIHW analysis of DoHA ACCMIS database (as at 30 November 2004), AIHW analysis of HACC MDS; Lincoln Centre and AIHW analysis of ACAP MDS v1 and v2.

Table A4.6: Key statistics of clients (aged 50+) of selected aged care services, by Indigenous status, 2004
	HACC 2003- 04	CACP 30 June 2004	EACH 30 June 2004	Permanent residential care 30 June 2004	Residential respite 2003-04	
Use (%)	Clients	Recipients	Recipients	Residents	Admissions	
Indigenous Australians	1.9	3.8	2.1	0.6	1.0	
Non-Indigenous Australians	98.1	96.2	97.9	99.4	99.0	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	622,300	27,416	701	143,999	46,139	
Median age 50+ (years)	
Indigenous Australians	67.4	69.4	(a)	74.8	74.0	
Non-Indigenous Australians	78.8	82.7	(a)	85.4	83.3	
All Australians	78.6	82.4	79.4	85.3	83.2	
Ratio of female to male clients	
Indigenous Australians	1.8	1.9	(a)	1.3	1.5	
Non-Indigenous Australians	2.0	2.5	(a)	2.6	1.7	
All Australians	2.0	2.5	1.6	2.6	1.7	
Usage rate (per 1,000 people aged 50+)	104.5	4.5	0.1	23.9	7.7	

(a) Only 15 EACH recipients were identified as Indigenous. Therefore, median age and the female to male ratio data have not been presented.

Notes
1. Resident population estimates used to derived usage rates are from those released by the ABS in December 2004. Usage rates over the year are derived using December 2003 population estimates; usage rates as at 30 June 2004 are derived using June 2004 population estimates.
2. Not all HACC agencies submitted data to the HACC MDS. For 2003-04, the proportion of HACC-funded agencies that submitted HACC MDS data differed across jurisdictions, and ranged from 77% to 99%. Actual client numbers will therefore be higher than those reported here.
3. For a couple of states and territories, in some age groups the numbers of HACC clients identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders were close to or greater than the ABS estimates of the corresponding Indigenous population. This suggests that Indigenous status was not well-recorded in the HACC MDS in some states/territories.
4. Figures for CACP recipients and residential care exclude clients of Multi-purpose and flexible services. Residential care annual figures exclude transfers between service providers for care of the same type (that is, respite care).
5. All cases with missing data are included in the table, using pro-rating. Missing rates (age, sex and/or Indigenous status) were as follows. HACC: 10.9%; CACP (Indigenous status only): 1.3%; EACH (Indigenous status only): 4.3%; RACS respite (Indigenous status only): 3.6%; RACS permanent (Indigenous status only): 7.5%. For HACC, Indigenous clients with unknown age (date of birth reported as 1 January 1900 or 1901 (see AIHW: Karmel 2005), or age greater than 110) are assumed to be aged 50 and over; Non-Indigenous clients with unknown age are assumed to be aged 65 and over.
6. Table does not include clients of Multi-purpose and flexible service places or packages.

Sources: ABS 2004b; AIHW analysis of DoHA ACCMIS database as at November 2004, AIHW analysis of HACC MDS.

Table A4.7: Recurrent government expenditure on aged care services, 2000-01 to 2003-04 (a) ($m current prices)
Program (b)	2000-01	2001-02	2002-03	2003-04	
Residential aged care-subsidies (c)	3,987.0	4,226.9	4,506.7	5,336.0	
Residential aged care-resident and provider support (d)	8.7	9.5	15.5	20.4	
Community Aged Care Packages	194.6	246.3	287.9	307.9	
Home and Community Care (e)	725.1	786.4	853.0	917.1	
Veterans' Home Care and in-home respite (f)	23.3	61.9	93.5	91.1	
Extended Aged Care at Home	8.4	8.9	10.5	15.5	
Day Therapy Centres	28.5	29.3	31.0	31.6	
Multi-purpose and flexible services (g)	34.0	40.3	51.4	60.7	
National Respite for Carers (h)	68.6	68.5	94.0	101.5	
Carer Allowance (i)	179.6	190.5	228.0	326.9	
Assessment (j)	39.2	41.0	42.9	48.4	
Commonwealth Carelink Centres	12.1	11.5	12.1	13.9	
Accreditation	10.4	12.5	11.9	6.5	
Flexible care pilot projects	. .	. .	4.6	17.6	
Other (k)	20.3	29.4	27.7	26.6	
Total	5,339.7	5,763.1	6,270.6	7,321.7	

(a) Expenditure excludes departmental program administration and running costs. Only state and territory funding for high-level residential aged care subsidies and HACC have been included. Comparisons with ABS welfare expenditure estimates on older people indicate that including other state/territory expenditure would have resulted in an increase in the estimate of expenditure for 2000-01 of about 7% (see AIHW 2003c:5, 9; excludes expenditure on high-level residential care).

(b) To improve coverage, the programs included here have changed slightly from those in the corresponding table in the previous edition of this publication (AIHW 2003a: table 7.13). Consequently, the numbers in the two publications are not strictly comparable. See below for information on expenditure derivation and comparability with previous editions.

(c) Includes DoHA, DVA and state and territory funding. Subsidies are primarily the responsibility of the Australian Government, and the state/territory contribution (high care only included) was between $207 million and $253 million for the 4 years in the table. The state and territory funding for 2003-04 has been estimated based on DoHA administrative data and AIHW calculations.

(d) Includes Australian Government expenditure only. Main expenditures were on: Aged Care Workforce Support (new in 2002-03), the Community Visitors Scheme, the Complaints Resolution Scheme, Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Background grants, and several user rights programs. This expenditure was not included in the previous edition.

(e) Includes Australian and state and territory government funding for the aged (estimated using the percentage of clients aged 65+), and funding for HACC planning and development ($0.4m in 2003-04). Expenditure for 2001-02 has been revised slightly since Australia's Welfare 2003.

(f) Includes funding for all ages (in-home respite was not included in the previous edition).

(g) Includes funding provided for Multi-purpose Services, the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Aged Care Strategy and for rural/remote multi-purpose centres. Funding for Aged Care Program Support has been moved from this category (where it was included in the 2003 edition of this publication) to 'other' expenditure. In addition, expenditure figures on rural/ remote multi-purpose centres for 2000-01 and 2001-02 have been significantly revised since the 2003 edition.

(h) Includes funding for the Carers Information and Support Program ($1.8m in 2003-04).

(i) Carer Allowance expenditure on older people is based on the proportion of care recipients aged 65 and over among those cared for by people receiving the allowance.

 (j) Includes funding for the Aged Care Assessment Program and for Targeted Dementia Assessment.

(k) 'Other' comprises Aged Care Program Support, Assistance with Care and Housing for the Aged, Dementia Education and Support program, Safe at Home, the Continence Management program (including the Continence Aids Assistance Scheme), and Psychogeriatric Care Units. This last program was included under 'Assessment' in previous editions, but has been moved for this edition as its focus has shifted from assessment to support services.

Note: Components may not add to total due to rounding.

Sources: AIHW 2003a: table 7.13, AIHW health expenditure database; DoHA unpublished data; DVA unpublished data; FaCS 2003:181, 2004:199.

Table A4.8: Recurrent government expenditure on aged care services, (a) expressed as dollars per person aged 65 and over with a profound or severe core activity limitation, 2000-01 to 2003-04
Program (b)	2000-01	2001-02	2002-03	2003-04	3-year growth	
	Constant 2002-03 prices (dollars)	Per cent	
Residential aged care-subsidies	7,976	7,894	7,912	8,787	10.2	
Residential aged care-resident and provider support	17	18	27	34	94.3	
Community Aged Care Packages	389	460	505	507	30.2	
Home and Community Care	1,451	1,469	1,498	1,510	4.1	
Veterans' Home Care and in-home respite	47	116	164	150	221.9	
Extended Aged Care at Home	17	17	18	25	51.0	
Day Therapy Centres	57	55	54	52	-8.8	
Multi-purpose and flexible services	68	75	90	100	47.0	
National Respite for Carers	137	128	165	167	21.8	
Carer Allowance	359	356	400	538	49.8	
Assessment	78	77	75	80	1.7	
Commonwealth Carelink Centres	24	22	21	23	-5.4	
Accreditation	21	23	21	11	-48.4	
Flexible care pilot projects	. .	. .	8	29	. .	
Other	41	55	49	44	8.1	
Total	10,682	10,763	11,008	12,057	12.9	
Estimated population aged 65 and over with a profound or severe core activity limitation ('000)	538.1	554.3	569.6	586.2	. .	

(a) Expenditure excludes departmental program administration and running costs. Only state and territory funding for high-level residential aged care subsidies and HACC have been included. Comparisons with ABS welfare expenditure estimates on older people indicate that including other state/territory expenditure would have resulted in an increase in the estimate of expenditure for 2000-01 of about 7% (see AIHW 2003c:5, 9; excludes expenditure on high-level residential care).

(b) To improve coverage, the programs included here have changed slightly from those in the corresponding table in the previous edition of this publication (AIHW 2003a: table 7.13). Consequently, the numbers in the two publications are not strictly comparable.

Notes
1. See notes to Table A4.7 for information on expenditure derivation and comparability with previous editions. Constant dollar values were calculated using the GFCE deflator, referenced to 2002-03 (see Table 4.24).
2. Per person expenditure rates are based on population estimates for the end of the financial year. Population estimates by disability status are obtained using age/sex disability rates from the ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers in conjunction with the estimated resident population.The estimates assume constant disability rates overtime within age/ sex groups.
3. Components may not add to total due to rounding.

Sources: Table A4.7; ABS 2004b; AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers.

Chapter 5 Disability and disability services

Table A5.1: All persons: disability status, by sex and age, 2003 ('000)
	Core activity limitation	Schooling or employment restriction only	Without specific limitations or restrictions	All with reported disability	Long-term health condition	No long-term health condition	Total population	
	Profound	Severe	Moderate	Mild							
Males	
0-4	14.5	*6.3	**0.4	-	-	*8.5	29.7	40.8	553.2	623.7	
5-9	19.2	24.1	*3.9	11.4	*8.3	11.5	78.2	76.0	515.0	669.2	
10-14	17.8	24.8	*4.8	15.9	13.9	11.4	88.6	91.0	497.4	676.9	
15-24	13.4	17.8	*7.3	28.3	31.2	29.4	127.4	196.4	1,094.0	1,417.8	
25-34	11.2	23.0	19.0	34.0	43.0	42.9	173.0	263.6	1,044.8	1,481.4	
35-44	15.4	30.7	35.3	41.9	43.1	47.0	213.4	299.9	960.3	1,473.5	
45-54	15.3	40.5	60.1	82.2	45.9	45.4	289.4	351.5	705.5	1,346.3	
55-64	16.8	52.1	81.1	109.3	36.8	44.2	340.4	328.5	339.9	1,008.8	
65-69	11.9	20.9	29.0	53.6	-	31.8	147.2	122.8	76.7	346.7	
70-74	15.0	18.6	33.2	56.7	-	21.7	145.2	110.6	38.4	294.3	
75-79	29.4	14.1	22.7	60.5	-	12.9	139.6	60.1	32.7	232.5	
80-84	24.4	15.8	23.6	35.8	-	*7.7	107.4	31.1	*8.9	147.3	
85+	30.4	*9.2	8.7	21.1	-	** 1.6	71.1	12.2	*6.6	89.9	
Total	234.8	297.8	329.1	550.7	222.1	316.1	1,950.6	1,984.5	5,873.3	9,808.4	
Females	
0-4	*7.7	*7.3	**1.0	**0.6	-	*7.2	23.8	32.7	542.4	598.8	
5-9	*9.5	11.1	**1.3	*7.1	*3.9	*7.1	40.1	61.6	528.3	630.0	
10-14	*9.2	13.8	**1.5	*7.1	16.9	*8.9	57.5	69.9	524.7	652.1	
15-24	10.7	19.1	13.4	24.6	21.1	33.0	121.9	198.0	1,048.7	1,368.5	
25-34	*9.4	23.9	10.9	30.1	32.9	34.1	141.3	307.3	1,018.9	1,467.5	
35-44	*8.3	42.8	35.0	50.2	34.1	34.7	205.1	333.5	939.7	1,478.3	
45-54	23.9	50.1	73.4	78.7	29.4	33.9	289.4	367.7	686.3	1,343.4	
55-64	30.2	57.8	88.0	105.3	23.8	31.7	336.8	347.5	301.8	986.2	
65-69	18.9	17.8	34.3	41.7	-	24.3	137.0	144.4	73.1	354.5	
70-74	25.3	31.4	41.9	47.1	-	17.1	162.8	120.7	43.5	327.0	
	Core activity limitation	Schooling or employment restriction only	Without specific limitations or restrictions	All with reported disability	Long-term health condition	No long term health condition	Total population	
	Profound	Severe	Moderate	Mild							
Females (continued)	
75-79	39.6	23.3	33.5	58.1	-	13.0	167.6	89.7	34.7	292.0	
80-84	60.4	28.3	20.2	36.1	-	*5.1	150.1	59.6	*9.2	218.9	
85+	104.2	21.8	15.2	19.5	-	**1.6	162.4	23.2	*8.2	193.8	
Total	357.4	348.6	369.6	506.4	162.1	251.7	1,995.8	2,155.8	5,759.3	9,910.9	
Persons	
0-4	22.3	13.6	**1.3	**0.6	-	15.7	53.5	73.4	1,095.6	1,222.5	
5-9	28.7	35.1	*5.2	18.5	12.1	18.6	118.2	137.6	1,043.3	1,299.2	
10-14	27.0	38.6	*6.3	23.1	30.8	20.3	146.1	160.8	1,022.1	1,329.0	
15-24	24.0	36.9	20.7	52.9	52.3	62.5	249.3	394.4	2,142.7	2,786.4	
25-34	20.6	46.8	30.0	64.0	75.9	77.0	314.3	571.0	2,063.6	2,948.9	
35-44	23.7	73.6	70.3	92.1	77.1	81.7	418.5	633.4	1,899.9	2,951.8	
45-54	39.1	90.6	133.5	160.9	75.4	79.3	578.8	719.2	1,391.7	2,689.7	
55-64	47.1	109.9	169.1	214.6	60.6	76.0	677.2	676.0	641.7	1,995.0	
65-69	30.9	38.7	63.3	95.3	-	56.1	284.2	267.2	149.8	701.2	
70-74	40.3	50.0	75.1	103.9	-	38.7	308.1	231.3	81.9	621.3	
75-79	69.0	37.5	56.2	118.6	-	25.9	307.2	149.8	67.4	524.5	
80-84	84.8	44.1	43.8	71.9	-	12.8	257.5	90.7	18.1	366.3	
85+	134.6	31.0	23.8	40.7	-	*3.2	233.4	35.4	14.8	283.6	
Total	592.2	646.4	698.7	1,057.1	384.1	567.8	3,946.4	4,140.2	11,632.6	19,719.3	

Notes
1. Estimates marked with * have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of between 25% and 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.
2. Estimates marked with ** have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of greater than 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.

Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record file.

Table A5.2: All persons: disability status, by sex and age, 2003 (per cent)
	Core activity limitation	Schooling or employment restriction only	Without specific limitations or restrictions	All with reported disability	Long-term health condition	No long-term health condition	
	Profound	Severe	Moderate	Mild						
Males	
0-4	2.3	*1.0	**0.1	-	-	*1.4	4.8	6.5	88.7	
5-9	2.9	3.6	*0.6	1.7	*1.2	1.7	11.7	11.4	77.0	
10-14	2.6	3.7	*0.7	2.4	2.1	1.7	13.1	13.4	73.5	
15-24	0.9	1.3	*0.5	2.0	2.2	2.1	9.0	13.9	77.2	
25-34	0.8	1.5	1.3	2.3	2.9	2.9	11.7	17.8	70.5	
35-44	1.0	2.1	2.4	2.8	2.9	3.2	14.5	20.4	65.2	
45-54	1.1	3.0	4.5	6.1	3.4	3.4	21.5	26.1	52.4	
55-64	1.7	5.2	8.0	10.8	3.6	4.4	33.7	32.6	33.7	
65-69	3.4	6.0	8.4	15.5	-	9.2	42.5	35.4	22.1	
70-74	5.1	6.3	11.3	19.3	-	7.4	49.3	37.6	13.1	
75-79	12.6	6.1	9.8	26.0	-	5.5	60.1	25.8	14.1	
80-84	16.6	10.7	16.0	24.3	-	*5.3	72.9	21.1	*6.0	
85+	33.9	*10.2	*9.6	23.5	-	**1.8	79.1	13.6	*7.4	
Total	2.4	3.0	3.4	5.6	2.3	3.2	19.9	20.2	59.9	
Females	
0-4	*1.3	*1.2	**0.2	**0.1	-	*1.2	4.0	5.5	90.6	
5-9	*1.5	1.8	**0.2	*1.1	*0.6	*1.1	6.4	9.8	83.9	
10-14	*1.4	2.1	**0.2	*1.1	2.6	*1.4	8.8	10.7	80.5	
15-24	0.8	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.5	2.4	8.9	14.5	76.6	
25-34	*0.6	1.6	0.7	2.1	2.2	2.3	9.6	20.9	69.4	
35-44	*0.6	2.9	2.4	3.4	2.3	2.3	13.9	22.6	63.6	
45-54	1.8	3.7	5.5	5.9	2.2	2.5	21.5	27.4	51.1	
55-64	3.1	5.9	8.9	10.7	2.4	3.2	34.2	35.2	30.6	
65-69	5.3	5.0	9.7	11.8	-	6.8	38.6	40.7	20.6	
70-74	7.7	9.6	12.8	14.4	-	5.2	49.8	36.9	13.3	
75-79	13.6	8.0	11.5	19.9	-	4.5	57.4	30.7	11.9	
80-84	27.6	12.9	9.2	16.5	-	*2.3	68.6	27.2	*4.2	
85+	53.8	11.3	7.8	10.1	-	**0.8	83.8	12.0	*4.2	
Total	3.6	3.5	3.7	5.1	1.6	2.5	20.1	21.8	58.1	
	Core activity limitation	Schooling or employment restriction only	Without specific limitations or restrictions	All with reported disability	Long-term health condition	No long term health condition	
	Profound	Severe	Moderate	Mild						
Persons	
0-4	1.8	1.1	**0.1	 - 	 - 	1.3	4.4	6.0	89.6	
5-9	2.2	2.7	*0.4	1.4	0.9	1.4	9.1	10.6	80.3	
10-14	2.0	2.9	*0.5	1.7	2.3	1.5	11.0	12.1	76.9	
15-24	0.9	1.3	0.7	1.9	1.9	2.2	8.9	14.2	76.9	
25-34	0.7	1.6	1.0	2.2	2.6	2.6	10.7	19.4	70.0	
35-44	0.8	2.5	2.4	3.1	2.6	2.8	14.2	21.5	64.4	
45-54	1.5	3.4	5.0	6.0	2.8	2.9	21.5	26.7	51.7	
55-64	2.4	5.5	8.5	10.8	3.0	3.8	33.9	33.9	32.2	
65-69	4.4	5.5	9.0	13.6	 - 	8.0	40.5	38.1	21.4	
70-74	6.5	8.0	12.1	16.7	 - 	6.2	49.6	37.2	13.2	
75-79	13.1	7.1	10.7	22.6	 - 	4.9	58.6	28.6	12.9	
80-84	23.2	12.0	12.0	19.6	 - 	3.5	70.3	24.8	4.9	
85+	47.5	10.9	8.4	14.3	 - 	*1.1	82.3	12.5	5.2	
Total	3.0	3.3	3.5	5.4	1.9	2.9	20.0	21.0	59.0	

Notes
1. Estimates marked with * have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of between 25% and 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.
2. Estimates marked with ** have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of greater than 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.

Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record file.

Table A5.3: People with a disability: the highest frequency of need for assistance with core activities, as a proportion of people of a specific disability group based on all conditions by age, 2003 (per cent)
	6+/day	3-5/day	1-2/day	1-6/week	1-3/month	<1 /month	Not known (cared accommodation)	No need for help	Total Total	number ('000)	
Aged 0-44	
Intellectual	10.7	6.6	14.5	10.9	3.3	3.9	-	50.0	100.0	351.8	
Psychiatric	7.2	4.8	9.5	9.6	4.5	4.8	**0.1	59.5	100.0	395.2	
Sensory/speech	10.2	7.0	9.6	9.3	3.2	5.0	-	55.6	100.0	345.3	
Acquired brain injury (a)	7.1	*4.4	*5.1	6.4	*4.4	*5.8	-	66.7	100.0	171.4	
Physical/diverse	3.3	2.6	5.4	6.5	3.6	5.1	-	73.5	100.0	900.1	
Aged 45-64	
Intellectual	*7.2	*4.9	*7.8	*10.8	*4.4	*7.2	**0.1	57.4	100.0	84.4	
Psychiatric	*2.9	4.3	6.5	10.8	3.9	6.6	**0.1	64.9	100.0	326.9	
Sensory/speech	*1.9	*2.4	4.7	7.1	3.1	4.0	-	76.5	100.0	382.9	
Acquired brain injury (a)	*2.5	*3.9	*5.6	7.8	*4.1	*4.2	**0.1	71.8	100.0	146.0	
Physical/diverse	1.2	2.3	4.0	7.5	3.2	5.0	-	76.7	100.0	1,143.3	
Total under 65	
Intellectual	10.0	6.3	13.2	10.9	3.5	4.6	**0.1	51.5	100.0	436.2	
Psychiatric	5.3	4.6	8.1	10.2	4.2	5.6	**0.1	61.9	100.0	722.1	
Sensory/speech	5.8	4.6	7.1	8.2	3.2	4.5	-	66.6	100.0	728.3	
Acquired brain injury (a)	5.0	4.2	5.3	7.1	4.3	5.0	-	69.1	100.0	317.4	
Physical/diverse	2.1	2.4	4.7	7.1	3.4	5.1	-	75.3	100.0	2,043.4	
	6+/day	3-5/day	1-2/day	1-6/week	1-3/month	<1 /month	Not known (cared accommodation)	No need for help	Total	Total number ('000)	
Aged 65+	
Intellectual	47.8	17.7	11.3	7.0	*2.7	*2.0	**0.6	10.9	100.0	152.5	
Psychiatric	29.3	12.7	11.7	12.3	3.5	*2.5	*0.8	27.3	100.0	295.8	
Sensory/speech	12.0	6.3	8.1	9.3	3.1	2.8	*0.5	58.0	100.0	768.0	
Acquired brain injury (a)	17.2	*7.0	8.5	*7.1	*2.3	*4.8	**0.4	52.7	100.0	120.9	
Physical/diverse	9.1	6.2	8.4	10.3	3.7	2.9	*0.4	59.1	100.0	1,307.2	
All ages	
Intellectual	19.8	9.3	12.7	9.9	3.3	3.9	**0.2	41.0	100.0	588.7	
Psychiatric	12.3	6.9	9.1	10.8	4.0	4.7	*0.3	51.9	100.0	1,017.9	
Sensory/speech	9.0	5.4	7.6	8.7	3.1	3.6	*0.2	62.2	100.0	1,496.3	
Acquired brain injury (a)	8.4	5.0	6.2	7.1	3.8	5.0	**0.1	64.5	100.0	438.3	
Physical/diverse	4.8	3.9	6.1	8.3	3.5	4.2	*0.2	68.9	100.0	3,350.6	

(a) Acquired brain injury is included in 'physical/diverse' when only four main disability groups are being considered (see Box 5.3). Notes
1. Estimates marked with * have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of between 25% and 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.
2. Estimates marked with ** have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of greater than 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.

Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record file.

Table A5.4: People aged 45 to 64 with a disability living in households: age at onset of main disabling condition, by disability group (based on main disabling condition), 2003
	Age at onset of main condition		
	0-14	15-44	45-64 	Not known	Total	
	Number ('000)	
Intellectual	*5.0	**1.4	-	-	*6.4	
Psychiatric	*7.3	64.4	38.0	1.2	110.9	
Sensory/speech	22.4	45.5	33.0	3.9	104.7	
Acquired brain injury (a)	**0.3	*2.8	**2.1	-	*5.2	
Physical/diverse	57.0	472.9	483.2	4.5	1,017.7	
Total	92.0	587.1	556.2	9.6	1,244.9	
	Per cent (sum horizontally)	
Intellectual	*77.7	**22.3	-	-	100.0	
Psychiatric	*6.6	58.0	34.3	1.1	100.0	
Sensory/speech	21.4	43.4	31.5	3.7	100.0	
Acquired brain injury (a)	**6.3	*54.4	**39.3	-	100.0	
Physical/diverse	5.6	46.5	47.5	0.4	100.0	
Total	7.4	47.2	44.7	0.8	100.0	
	Per cent (sum vertically)	
Intellectual	*5.4	**0.2	-	-	*0.5	
Psychiatric	*8.0	11.0	6.8	12.6	8.9	
Sensory/speech	24.3	7.7	5.9	40.2	8.4	
Acquired brain injury (a)	**0.4	*0.5	**0.4	-	*0.4	
Physical/diverse	62.0	80.6	86.9	47.2	81.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

(a) Acquired brain injury is included in 'physical/diverse' when only four main disability groups are being considered (see Box 5.3).

Notes
1. Estimates marked with * have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of between 25% and 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.
2. Estimates marked with ** have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of greater than 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.

Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record file.

Table A5.5: Children aged under 15 with a disability: disability group by level of core activity limitation and sex, as a percentage of the Australian population of that sex and age, 2003
	Boys	Girls	Children	
	Number ('000) 	Per cent	Number ('000)	Per cent	Number ('000) 	Per cent	
All disabling conditions	
Intellectual	108.0	5.5	58.7	3.1	166.7	4.3	
Psychiatric	53.8	2.7	27.1	1.4	81.0	2.1	
Sensory/speech	83.7	4.3	45.9	2.4	129.7	3.4	
Acquired brain injury (a)	18.3	0.9	*4.5	*0.2	22.8	0.6	
Physical/diverse	91.5	4.6	62.6	3.3	154.1	4.0	
All disabling conditions and severe or profound core activity limitations	
Intellectual	67.1	3.4	33.8	1.8	100.8	2.6	
Psychiatric	36.9	1.9	16.6	0.9	53.4	1.4	
Sensory/speech	57.6	2.9	32.7	1.7	90.3	2.3	
Acquired brain injury (a)	*9.9	*0.5	*3.1	*0.2	12.9	0.3	
Physical/diverse	49.0	2.5	27.8	1.5	76.8	2.0	
Main disabling condition	
Intellectual	61.5	3.1	23.5	1.2	85.0	2.2	
Psychiatric	28.5	1.4	18.9	1.0	47.5	1.2	
Sensory/speech	36.4	1.8	23.8	1.3	60.2	1.6	
Acquired brain injury (a)	*2.7	*0.1	**0.3	-	*3.0	*0.1	
Physical/diverse	67.4	3.4	54.8	2.9	122.2	3.2	
Main disabling condition and severe or profound core activity limitations	
Intellectual	36.5	1.9	13.7	0.7	50.2	1.3	
Psychiatric	14.4	0.7	8.4	0.4	22.8	0.6	
Sensory/speech	22.6	1.1	15.2	0.8	37.8	1.0	
Acquired brain injury (a)	**0.5	-	-	-	**0.5	-	
Physical/diverse	32.5	1.7	21.5	1.1	54.0	1.4	
Total with a disability	196.5	10.0	121.4	6.5	317.9	8.3	
Total children under 15	1,969.8		1,880.8		3,850.7		

(a) Acquired brain injury is included in 'physical/diverse' when only four main disability groups are being considered (see Box 5.3).

Notes
1. Estimates marked with * have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of between 25% and 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.
2. Estimates marked with ** have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of greater than 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.

Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record file.

Table A5.6: Average number of health conditions in the population, by disability status and age group, 2003
Disability status	Males	Females	0-64 years	65+ years	Total	
Profound	3.79	4.36	3.02	4.85	4.13	
Severe	3.22	3.54	2.93	4.42	3.39	
Moderate	3.49	3.51	3.10	4.18	3.50	
Mild	2.91	2.84	2.58	3.31	2.88	
Schooling or employment restriction only	2.13	2.02	2.09	 . . 	2.09	
Disability no limitations or restrictions	2.06	1.98	1.79	2.78	2.03	
Health condition only (a)	1.47	1.56	1.40	2.00	1.52	
Total with a disability	2.94	3.19	2.56	3.98	3.06	
Total with a condition (b)	2.20	2.34	1.90	3.27	2.27	
Total population	0.88	0.98	0.65	2.84	0.93	

(a) Includes people with a health condition but no disability.

(b) Includes people with or without a disability.

Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record file.

Table A5.7: Proportion of profound or severe core activity limitations among people with a specific condition (based on all conditions), by age, 2003 (per cent)
Health condition	Aged under 65	Health condition	Aged 65+	Health condition	All ages	
Autism	81.6	Autism	**100	Dementia	96.9	
Paralysis	*79.1	ADHD	**100	Paralysis	*85.1	
Speech problems	66.7	Dementia	98.0	Autism	81.6	
Cerebral palsy	63.5	Paralysis	*89.1	Speech problems	72.5	
Dementia	**55.1	Speech problems	86.9	Parkinson's disease	66.4	
Multiple sclerosis	*48.4	Cerebral palsy	**84.9	Cerebral palsy	64.0	
Epilepsy	41.8	Parkinson's disease	78.6	Multiple sclerosis	*50.8	
Schizophrenia	41.1	Schizophrenia	*75.5	Schizophrenia	46.2	
ADHD	35.5	Multiple sclerosis	**74.0	Vision disorders (total)	46.0	
Stroke	33.4	Epilepsy	64.0	Epilepsy	45.4	
Vision disorders (total)	32.1	Depression	59.5	Stroke	45.4	
Depression	22.6	Vision disorders (total)	56.5	Glaucoma	39.7	
Osteoporosis	21.3	Stroke	49.9	ADHD	35.6	
Parkinson's disease	**19.5	Glaucoma	48.3	Osteoporosis	32.5	
Cancer	17.9	Osteoporosis	38.3	Heart diseases	31.0	
Heart diseases	17.4	Cancer	37.9	Depression	30.3	
Hearing disorders (total)	16.1	Heart diseases	37.2	Cancer	28.1	
Arthritis	16.1	Migraine	33.6	Hearing disorders (total)	25.0	
Back problems	15.3	Hearing disorders (total)	33.1	Arthritis	23.6	
Diabetes	14.5	Diabetes	33.0	Diabetes	23.4	
Migraine	10.8	Asthma	32.1	Back problems	18.1	
Hearing (noise-induced)	10.7	Arthritis	31.4	Hypertension	16.6	
Hypertension	10.4	Back problems	27.4	Hearing (noise-induced)	15.7	
Asthma	8.9	Hypertension	22.7	Migraine	12.8	
Glaucoma	**2.8	Hearing (noise-induced)	21.5	Asthma	11.7	

Notes
1. Estimates marked with * have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of between 25% and 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.
2. Estimates marked with ** have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of greater than 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.

Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record file.

Table A5.8: People with a severe profound core activity limitation: prevalence of health conditions, by age, 2003
	Aged under 65 years		Aged 65+		All ages	
Health condition	Number ('000)	Prevalence rate (a) (%)	Health condition	Number ('000)	Prevalence rate (a)(%)	Health condition	Number
('000)	Prevalence
rate (a) (%)	
Back problems	207.4	1.2	Arthritis	280.5	11.2	Arthritis	429.1	2.2	
Arthritis	148.6	0.9	Hearing disorders (total)	242.6	9.7	Hearing disorders (total)	349.5	1.8	
Speech problems	129.3	0.8	Hypertension	210.3	8.4	Back problems	319.4	1.6	
Asthma	115.2	0.7	Heart diseases	167.0	6.7	Hypertension	304.9	1.5	
Hearing disorders (total)	106.8	0.6	Stroke	126.2	5.1	Heart diseases	203.0	1.0	
Hypertension	94.7	0.5	Vision disorders (total)	116.2	4.7	Speech problems	197.0	1.0	
Depression	83.8	0.5	Back problems	112.0	4.5	Asthma	171.9	0.9	
Migraine	53.4	0.3	Diabetes	100.3	4.0	Vision disorders (total)	166.3	0.8	
Vision disorders (total)	50.0	0.3	Dementia	97.3	3.9	Stroke	157.5	0.8	
Diabetes	48.1	0.3	Osteoporosis	85.1	3.4	Diabetes	148.4	0.8	
Heart diseases	36.1	0.2	Speech problems	67.8	2.7	Depression	142.1	0.7	
Epilepsy	33.5	0.2	Depression	58.4	2.3	Osteoporosis	109.7	0.6	
ADHD	33.4	0.2	Asthma	56.7	2.3	Dementia	98.8	0.5	
Stroke	31.3	0.2	Hearing (noise-induced)	48.3	1.9	Hearing (noise-induced)	76.4	0.4	
Hearing (noise-induced)	28.1	0.2	Cancer	37.6	1.5	Migraine	69.4	0.4	
Autism	24.7	0.1	Glaucoma	26.9	1.1	Cancer	54.8	0.3	
Osteoporosis	24.7	0.1	Parkinson's disease	20.8	0.8	Epilepsy	43.6	0.2	
Schizophrenia	18.4	0.1	Migraine	16.0	0.6	ADHD	33.5	0.2	
Cancert	17.2	0.1	Epilepsy	*10.2	*0.4	Glaucoma	27.2	0.1	
Cerebral palsy	10.4	0.1	Paralysis	*6.2	*0.2	Autism	24.8	0.1	
Multiple sclerosis	*6.0	*0.0	Schizophrenia	*5.9	*0.2	Schizophrenia	24.3	0.1	
Paralysis	*3.8	*0.0	Multiple sclerosis	**0.9	-	Parkinson's disease	22.2	0.1	
Dementia	**1.4	-	Cerebral palsy	**0.3	-	Cerebral palsy	10.7	0.1	
Parkinson's disease	**1.3	-	ADHD	-	-	Paralysis	*10.0	*0.1	
Glaucoma	**0.4	-	Autism	-	-	Multiple sclerosis	*6.9	-	
Total population	17,222.5	. .		2,496.8	. .		19,719.3	. .	

(a) Percentage of the Australian population of that age.

Notes
1. Estimates marked with * have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of between 25% and 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.
2. Estimates marked with ** have an associated relative standard error (RSE) of greater than 50% and should be interpreted accordingly.

Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record.

Table A5.9: Disability Support Pension recipients, age- and sex-specific rates and growth rates, 1989-2004
	Age- and sex-specific rates	Recipients (number)	Growth rate	Adjusted growth rate	
	16-19	20-29	30-39	40-49	50-59	60-64	65+	Total aged 16+	Adjusted aged 16+				
Males	
1989	0.7	1.1	1.7	3.3	9.6	19.6	0.5	3.6	3.8	227,285	. .	. .	
1990	0.7	1.1	1.7	3.2	9.4	20.5	0.5	3.6	3.8	233,251	2.6	0.7	
1991	0.8	1.2	1.8	3.3	9.5	21.5	0.5	3.7	3.9	244,699	4.9	3.5	
1992	1.2	1.3	2.2	3.8	10.2	22.9	0.5	4.1	4.3	273,697	11.9	10.1	
1993	1.2	1.4	2.4	4.0	10.7	24.2	0.5	4.3	4.6	291,471	6.5	5.4	
1994	1.0	1.7	2.6	4.2	11.1	25.2	0.4	4.6	4.8	309,123	6.1	4.5	
1995	1.1	1.7	2.8	4.4	11.4	25.3	0.4	4.7	4.9	324,672	5.0	3.3	
1996	1.2	1.8	3.0	4.7	11.6	25.2	0.4	4.9	5.1	340,256	4.8	2.9	
1997	1.4	1.9	3.2	4.9	11.5	25.0	0.2	5.0	5.1	352,607	3.6	0.8	
1998	1.5	2.0	3.3	5.0	11.1	24.5	0.3	5.1	5.1	361,539	2.5	0.0	
1999	1.6	2.1	3.4	5.2	11.0	24.2	0.2	5.2	5.2	373,340	3.3	0.7	
2000	1.6	2.2	3.5	5.4	10.7	23.8	0.2	5.2	5.2	382,351	2.4	-0.1	
2001	1.7	2.3	3.6	5.5	10.5	23.4	0.3	5.3	5.2	392,354	2.6	0.3	
2002	1.7	2.4	3.7	5.7	10.5	23.1	0.3	5.4	5.2	406,893	3.7	1.4	
2003	1.7	2.4	3.7	5.7	10.4	22.3	0.4	5.4	5.2	412,777	1.4	-0.6	
2004	1.8	2.5	3.7	5.8	10.2	21.5	0.5	5.4	5.2	418,829	1.5	-0.4	
Females	
1989	0.6	0.8	1.1	2.0	3.9	0.2	0.0	1.2	1.4	80,510	. .	. .	
1990	0.6	0.8	1.1	2.1	4.0	0.2	0.0	1.3	1.4	83,462	3.7	1.7	
1991	0.6	0.8	1.1	2.2	4.3	0.2	0.0	1.3	1.5	89,535	7.3	5.4	
1992	0.9	0.9	1.3	2.5	4.8	0.2	0.0	1.5	1.7	104,861	17.1	14.4	
1993	1.0	1.0	1.4	2.6	5.4	0.2	0.0	1.7	1.8	115,101	9.8	8.0	
1994	0.8	1.1	1.5	2.8	5.9	0.2	0.0	1.8	2.0	127,111	10.4	8.2	
1995	0.9	1.2	1.6	2.9	6.5	0.2	0.0	2.0	2.1	139,758	9.9	7.6	
1996	0.9	1.3	1.8	3.1	7.2	1.0	0.0	2.2	2.4	158,979	13.8	11.3	
1997	1.0	1.4	1.9	3.3	7.9	1.0	0.0	2.4	2.6	174,907	10.0	7.1	
1998	1.1	1.4	2.0	3.4	8.1	2.7	0.0	2.6	2.7	191,797	9.7	6.9	
1999	1.1	1.5	2.0	3.6	8.3	2.9	0.0	2.7	2.8	204,342	6.5	3.9	

(continued)

Table A5.9 (continued): Disability Support Pension recipients, age-and sex-specific rates and growth rates, 1989-2004
	Age- and sex-specific rates	Recipients (number)	Growth rate	Adjusted growth rate	
	16-19	20-29	30-39	40-49	50-59	60-64	65+	Total aged 16+	Adjusted aged 16+				
Females (continued)	
2000	1.2	1.6	2.1	3.7	8.4	4.3	0.0	2.9	3.0	219,929	7.6	5.0	
2001	1.2	1.6	2.2	3.8	8.5	4.5	0.0	3.0	3.1	231,572	5.3	2.6	
2002	1.2	1.7	2.3	4.0	8.8	6.1	0.0	3.2	3.3	252,022	8.8	6.5	
2003	1.2	1.7	2.3	4.1	8.8	6.5	0.0	3.3	3.3	260,557	3.4	1.2	
2004	1.2	1.8	2.4	4.2	8.8	8.4	0.0	3.5	3.5	277,913	6.7	4.6	
Persons	
1989	0.7	0.9	1.4	2.7	6.8	9.8	0.2	2.4	2.6	307,795	. .	. .	
1990	0.7	0.9	1.4	2.7	6.8	10.3	0.2	2.4	2.6	316,713	2.9	1.0	
1991	0.7	1.0	1.5	2.8	7.0	10.8	0.3	2.5	2.7	334,234	5.5	4.0	
1992	1.1	1.1	1.8	3.1	7.6	11.5	0.2	2.8	3.0	378,558	13.3	11.3	
1993	1.1	1.2	1.9	3.3	8.1	12.2	0.2	3.0	3.2	406,572	7.4	6.2	
1994	0.9	1.4	2.1	3.5	8.5	12.6	0.2	3.2	3.4	436,234	7.3	5.6	
1995	1.0	1.5	2.2	3.7	9.0	12.7	0.2	3.3	3.5	464,430	6.5	4.5	
1996	1.1	1.6	2.4	3.9	9.5	13.0	0.2	3.5	3.7	499,235	7.5	5.4	
1997	1.2	1.6	2.5	4.1	9.7	13.0	0.1	3.7	3.8	527,514	5.7	2.9	
1998	1.3	1.7	2.6	4.2	9.6	13.6	0.1	3.8	3.9	553,336	4.9	2.3	
1999	1.4	1.8	2.7	4.4	9.6	13.6	0.1	3.9	4.0	577,682	4.4	1.8	
2000	1.4	1.9	2.8	4.5	9.6	14.1	0.1	4.0	4.1	602,280	4.3	1.7	
2001	1.4	2.0	2.9	4.7	9.5	14.0	0.1	4.1	4.1	623,926	3.6	1.1	
2002	1.5	2.0	3.0	4.9	9.7	14.7	0.1	4.3	4.3	658,915	5.6	3.3	
2003	1.4	2.1	3.0	4.9	9.6	14.5	0.2	4.3	4.3	673,334	2.2	0.1	
2004	1.5	2.1	3.1	5.0	9.5	15.0	0.2	4.4	4.3	696,742	3.5	1.5	

Notes
1. Number of recipients of each age and sex group is expressed as a percentage of the Australian population of that age group and sex for each year.
2. Data for growth of DSP recipients are the change in numbers from June of previous year to June of specified year expressed as a percentage of the numbers as at June the previous year.
3. Adjusted data are age-standardised, based on the Australian estimated resident population as at June 2001. Sources: ABS 2004d; FaCS 2001: table 2.4.1.

Chapter 6 Assistance for Housing

Table A6.1: Households, by tenure group across income quintiles, 1999
	Income quintile	All households ('000)	
Tenure	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th		
Reference person over 65	
Without mortgage owners	45.5	33.0	11.6	6.2	3.7	1,184.1	
With mortgage owners	45.3	31.3	11.8	5.8	5.8	57.0	
All owners	45.5	32.9	11.6	6.2	3.8	1,241.1	
Rebated public renters	78.0	20.0	2.1	-	-	73.0	
Non-rebated public renters	69.1	18.4	9.9	1.2	1.4	29.1	
All public renters	75.4	19.5	4.3	0.3	0.4	102.1	
Private renters with CRA	68.8	31.2	-	-	-	39.6	
Private renters without CRA	48.3	28.2	16.3	-	7.2	38.9	
All private renters	58.7	29.7	8.0	-	3.6	78.5	
All (a)	49.4	31.3	10.7	5.2	3.5	1,483.2	
Reference person under 65	
Without mortgage owners	14.5	18.4	20.5	21.3	25.3	1,616.2	
With mortgage owners	4.1	10.5	21.9	30.0	33.5	2,199.1	
All owners	8.5	13.9	21.3	26.3	30.0	3,815.3	
Rebated public renters	53.1	34.6	11.2	1.1	-	202.3	
Non-rebated public renters	30.5	31.1	25.6	10.7	2.1	64.4	
All public renters	47.6	33.7	14.7	3.5	0.5	266.7	
Private renters with CRA	30.9	42.5	20.2	5.4	1.1	359.5	
Private renters without CRA	8.9	16.5	28.7	26.0	19.9	1,025.2	
All private renters	14.6	23.2	26.5	20.6	15.0	1,384.7	
All (a)	12.1	17.4	22.4	23.8	24.3	5,733.7	

(a) Includes 'Other tenure' category.

Source: ABS Australian Housing Survey, 1999, confidentialised unit record files.

Table A6.2: Housing profiles of older Australians, 1991,1996 and 2001 (per cent)
	Age group (years)	
	Year	65-69	70-74	75-79	80+	Total 65+	
	Private dwellings	
Owners	
Owner	1991	69.2	67.4	65.1	52.7	64.7	
	1996	73.2	71.1	67.3	54.1	67.3	
	2001	73.0	73.2	70.4	56.8	68.5	
Purchaser	1991	8.9	7.3	5.3	3.5	6.7	
	1996	5.8	5.9	4.8	3.0	5.0	
	2001	5.7	4.4	4.2	3.3	4.5	
Renters	
Public tenant	1991	5.3	5.7	5.7	4.4	5.3	
	1996	4.8	5.0	5.0	3.9	4.7	
	2001	4.5	4.7	4.5	3.8	4.4	
Private tenant	1991	6.3	6.5	6.5	5.4	6.2	
	1996	7.3	6.6	6.7	5.8	6.7	
	2001	8.0	7.2	6.7	6.1	7.1	
Other tenures	
	1991	6.5	7.5	7.9	7.1	7.1	
	1996	5.6	6.9	8.8	9.4	7.4	
	2001	6.1	6.8	8.1	9.3	7.5	
	Non-private dwellings	
All non-private dwellings	1991	3.7	5.5	9.6	26.9	9.9	
	1996	3.3	4.6	7.4	23.7	9.0	
	2001	2.7	3.7	6.1	20.7	8.1	

Source: Howe A 2003: Table 1.

Table A6.3: Housing tenure profile of household, by age of reference person, 2000-01 (per cent)
Housing tenure type	Older households (65+)	Younger households (under 65)	All households	
Owner without a mortgage	80.7	27.5	38.2	
Owner with a mortgage	3.6	39.4	32.1	
State/territory housing authority	6.0	4.7	5.0	
Private renter	5.1	25.0	21.0	
Other landlord	1.4	1.4	1.4	
Total renters	12.5	31.1	27.4	
Other tenure type	3.3	2.0	2.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total number of households ('000)	1,480.2	5,834.7	7,314.9	

Source: ABS 2004d.

Table A6.4: CRA recipients aged 65 or more, affordability by rent type, June 2002
	Less than 25%	25% and more to less than 30%	30% and more to less than 50%	50% and more	Total	
	Before CRA payment	
Private	12.9	10.6	49.7	26.8	100.0	
Board and lodging	14.0	8.5	39.1	38.4	100.0	
Lodging only	15.1	14.3	57.4	13.1	100.0	
Site and mooring fees	40.6	16.8	41.0	1.6	100.0	
Maintenance and other fees	56.2	12.8	15.1	15.9	100.0	
Total	19.9	11.4	44.7	24.0	100.0	
	After CRA payment	
Private	50.1	15.5	27.0	7.4	100.0	
Board and lodging	45.5	13.8	35.7	5.0	100.0	
Lodging only	62.6	14.9	18.9	3.7	100.0	
Site and mooring fees	93.4	4.3	2.0	0.2	100.0	
Maintenance and other fees	80.6	2.5	5.1	11.8	100.0	
Total	57.4	12.9	23.2	6.5	100.0	

Source: 2002 FaCS Housing Data Set.

Table A6.5: Distribution of government assistance, 1999
Income quintile	CRA benefits for private renters	Public rental rebate	FHOG for first home buyers	Tax benefits for purchasers	Tax benefits for outright home owners	
1st	34.5	57.3	6.4	0.0	0.0	
2nd	42.6	33.1	12.2	16.9	4.9	
3rd	18.2	8.8	31.9	13.8	2.4	
4th	4.0	0.8	31.1	22.5	16.3	
5th	0.6	0.0	18.4	46.8	76.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

Notes
1. Since the FHOG was only introduced in 2000, the figures shown here are the estimate of what would have been the distribution of this benefit had the scheme been in place in 1999.
2. Income quintiles are derived from Australia-wide population. Source: ABS Australian Housing Survey, 1999.

Table A6.6: Total number of public housing dwellings at 30 June, 1995-96 to 2003-04
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust.	
Data reported prior to 1999 CSHA and NHDA	
1995-96	135,744	62,224	47,618	33,132	58,236	14,813	12,171	8,196	372,134	
1996-97	133,714	62,014	49,306	32,839	56,695	14,913	11,945	7,914	369,340	
1997-98	124,516	63,860	49,753	33,335	55,319	14,775	12,209	8,023	361,790	
1998-99	125,083	67,423	50,273	32,926	54,041	13,590	11,791	7,320	362,447	
Data reported under the 1999 CSHA and NHDA	
1999-00	127,513	65,996	50,662	32,697	53,485	13,405	11,758	7,451	362,967	
2000-01	128,215	65,310	50,666	32,645	51,760	13,178	11,510	6,038	359,322	
2001-02	127,754	64,656	50,157	32,551	49,134	12,656	11,154	6,062	354,124	
2002-03	125,216	64,849	49,579	31,720	47,772	12,004	11,043	5,829	348,012	
2003-04	124,735	64,855	49,144	31,470	46,695	11,695	11,679	5,618	345,335	

Note: Excludes the Aboriginal Rental Housing Program (state/territory owned and managed Indigenous housing).

Sources: AIHW 2003b, 2003j: Table A5.9, AIHW 2005f.

Table A6.7: Annual percentage rates of population growth, by age group
Period	Age group (years)	
	25-34	35-44	45-54	55 and over	
1991 to 1996	0.3	1.4	4.2	1.8	
1996 to 2003	0.1	0.9	2.3	2.9	

Source: ABS 2004b.

Table A6.8: All persons, by disability status, age and tenure type, 2003 (per cent)
	Core activity limitation (a)	Total persons	
Tenure type	Profound/ severe 	Moderate	Mild	All with disability (b)	No disability	Per cent	('000)	
Under 15 years	Distribution of disability status within each tenure type	
Owner without a mortgage	2.9	0.2	1.6	7.5	92.5	100.0	493.9	
Owner with mortgage	3.3	0.2	0.8	6.7	93.3	100.0	2,240.7	
Public housing renter	14.3	1.2	2.5	22.8	77.2	100.0	165.4	
Private renter	6.2	0.5	1.1	10.1	89.9	100.0	821.5	
Boarder	0.0	0.0	1.8	5.2	94.8	100.0	40.1	
Living rent-free	2.1	0.8	1.2	9.0	91.0	100.0	75.5	
Other	0.0	0.0	8.1	8.1	91.9	100.0	7.4	
Total	4.3	0.3	1.1	8.2	91.8	100.0	3,844.4	
15-64	
Owner without a mortgage	4.6	5.3	6.8	21.9	78.1	100.0	2,909.4	
Owner with mortgage	2.7	2.4	3.1	13.4	86.6	100.0	5,509.5	
Public housing renter	14.2	8.4	10.2	41.6	58.4	100.0	347.4	
Private renter	3.4	2.8	4.0	15.7	84.3	100.0	2,762.5	
Boarder	3.8	1.3	3.9	15.6	84.4	100.0	687.3	
Living rent-free	3.7	1.6	3.2	12.9	87.1	100.0	1,006.4	
Other	4.5	1.8	3.5	13.7	86.3	100.0	33.7	
Total	3.7	3.2	4.4	16.6	83.4	100.0	13,256.2	
65 and over	
Owner without a mortgage	15.3	9.8	18.8	50.0	50.0	100.0	1,587.1	
Owner with mortgage	12.4	13.0	15.0	45.9	54.1	100.0	213.7	
Public housing renter	18.9	15.7	19.0	62.1	37.9	100.0	119.9	
Private renter	21.7	17.2	20.8	64.0	36.0	100.0	153.8	
Boarder	48.5	6.9	7.6	65.7	34.3	100.0	22.5	
Living rent-free	40.0	5.2	11.9	58.7	41.3	100.0	97.3	
Other	22.3	17.9	17.5	64.4	35.6	100.0	24.6	
Total	17.2	10.8	18.2	51.9	48.1	100.0	2,219.0	
All ages	
Owner without a mortgage	7.8	6.2	10.1	29.4	70.6	100.0	4,990.4	
Owner with mortgage	3.1	2.1	2.8	12.4	87.6	100.0	7,963.9	
Public housing renter	15.1	7.9	9.9	40.6	59.4	100.0	632.7	
Private renter	4.8	2.9	4.0	16.5	83.5	100.0	3,737.7	
Boarder	5.0	1.4	3.9	16.6	83.4	100.0	750.0	
Living rent-free	6.6	1.8	3.8	16.4	83.6	100.0	1,179.1	
Other	10.7	7.6	9.2	32.0	68.0	100.0	65.7	
Total	5.4	3.5	5.3	19.0	81.0	100.0	19,319.6	

(a) Core activities comprise communication, mobility and self-care (see Chapter 5).

(b) Includes those with employment or schooling restrictions or people without restrictions but still screened as disabled. Source: AIHW analysis of ABS 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers confidentialised unit record file.

Table A6.9: Government expenditure on CSHA assistance and CRA, 1994-95 to 2003-04 ($m)
	CSHA assistance	CRA	
	Current prices	Constant prices 2003-04	Current prices	Constant prices 2003-04	
1994-95	1,509.6	1,857.7	1,453.0	1,788.0	
1995-96	1,489.8	1,790.2	1,552.0	1,864.9	
1996-97	1,353.4	1,600.2	1,647.0	1,947.4	
1997-98	1,207.4	1,408.3	1,484.0	1,730.9	
1998-99	1,276.6	1,485.2	1,505.0	1,751.0	
1999-2000	1,331.0	1,522.4	1,538.0	1,759.2	
2000-01	1,406.5	1,528.4	1,717.0	1,865.9	
2001-02	1,392.3	1,479.2	1,815.0	1,928.3	
2002-03	1,387.4	1,434.5	1,847.7	1,910.5	
2003-04	1,284.5	1,284.5	1,953.0	1,953.0	

Notes
1. Care needs to be taken in interpreting data because CRA is a demand-driven recurrent expenditure program, whereas CSHA expenditure includes a component for capital investment that has resulted in around $52 billion of public housing assets that are continually used for housing assistance.
2. CSHA data for 1994-95 to 1995-96 have been adjusted to enable comparability (see source document for further explanation). Commonwealth CSHA expenditure differed from Commonwealth budgetary allocations for the three years from 1996-97 to 1998-99 as some states and territories chose CSHA funds as the source to offset their state fiscal contributions to the Commonwealth's debt reduction program, which was agreed at the 1996 Premiers' Conference.
3. CSHA expenditure in 2000-01 and 2001-02 contained $89.7 million of GST compensation paid to state and territory governments.

Sources: FaCS, Commonwealth State Housing Agreement, Canberra; DFaCS annual reports (various years); Housing Assistance Act 1996 annual reports (various years); ABS National Accounts: National Income Expenditure and Product, cat. no. 5206.0, Canberra.

Table A6.10: CRA by income unit, 2004 (per cent)
Type of income unit	Income units (no.)	Proportion of recipients (%)	Indigenous income units (no.)	Proportion of Indigenous recipients (%)	
Single, no dependent children	369,998	39.0	8,024	31.9	
Single, no children, sharer	139,796	14.7	2,636	10.5	
Single, 1 or 2 dependent children	189,543	20.0	6,890	27.4	
Single, 3 or more dependent children	35,709	3.8	2,176	8.6	
Partnered, no dependent children	79,333	8.4	1,155	4.6	
Partnered, 1 or 2 dependent children	90,531	9.5	2,475	9.8	
Partnered, 3 or more dependent children	38,201	4.0	1,570	6.2	
Partnered, illness or temporary separation, no dependent children	2,465	0.2	62	0.2	
Unknown income unit	4,122	0.4	203	0.8	
Total	949,698	100.0	25,191	100.0	

Notes
1. At 11 June 2004.
2. Data are for CRA recipients who were clients of DFaCS only. Data exclude those paid Rent Assistance by, or on behalf of DVA or DEST.
3. Income units are analogous to family units except that nondependent children and other adults are treated as separate income units.
4. A child is regarded as dependent on an adult only if the adult receives Family Tax Benefit for the care of the child.
5. The maximum rate of assistance is lower for some single persons without dependent children who share accommodation. Source: FaCS (unpublished).

Table A6.11: Proportion of income spent on rent with and without CRA, income units receiving CRA, 2004 (per cent)
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust.	
More than 30 per cent of income spent on rent	
Major Cities	
With CRA	46.8	38.8	38.9	31.1	32.1	. .	48.5	. .	40.3	
Without CRA	66.9	62.4	75.9	72.8	71.4	67.6	65.4	. .	73.0	
Inner Regional Australia	
With CRA	31.5	25.4	30.0	22.6	23.3	25.8	. .	. .	28.7	
Without CRA	66.9	62.4	65.4	60.1	57.4	65.4	. .	. .	64.8	
Outer Regional Australia	
With CRA	21.7	22.2	26.4	20.8	17.4	16.1	. .	39.1	23.6	
Without CRA	58.9	59.9	62.9	56.9	53.5	53.8	. .	71.9	60.3	
Remote Australia	
With CRA	20.3	20.7	19.1	24.5	23.4	14.3	. .	31.8	22.6	
Without CRA	55.4	55.6	56.8	58.2	55.6	52.3	. .	65.5	57.6	
Very remote Australia	
With CRA	18.1	. .	19.6	24.0	27.7	8.0	. .	24.0	21.8	
Without CRA	51.0	. .	50.7	58.7	54.1	34.0	. .	56.2	53.5	
Migratory areas	
With CRA	-	-	-	-	-	-	. .	-	-	
Without CRA	-	-	-	-	-	-	. .	-	-	
Total	
With CRA	40.7	35.0	34.0	28.9	29.5	22.7	48.5	37.1	35.5	
Without CRA	72.1	69.9	68.0	65.4	63.1	61.7	73.0	70.0	69.1	
More than 50 per cent of income spent on rent	
Major cities	
With CRA	14.8	10.7	9.7	6.5	6.5	. .	16.2	. .	11.2	
Without CRA	36.2	30.8	29.7	25.2	25.7	. .	38.6	. .	31.5	
Inner regional Australia	
With CRA	6.4	5.1	6.0	3.7	3.7	4.8	. .	. .	5.7	
Without CRA	24.8	20.8	22.9	18.7	18.8	21.7	. .	. .	22.7	
Outer regional Australia	
With CRA	3.8	4.6	5.3	4.0	3.2	2.1	. .	8.7	4.5	
Without CRA	18.5	19.6	21.9	17.7	15.9	14.9	. .	29.6	20.0	
Remote Australia	
With CRA	4.3	5.9	3.5	5.6	4.9	1.7	. .	7.5	4.8	
Without CRA	17.4	17.8	16.6	20.2	19.7	13.2	. .	24.8	18.9	
Very remote Australia	
With CRA	4.1	. .	5.1	6.2	10.1	4.0	. .	5.6	5.9	
Without CRA	15.6	. .	16.5	17.7	23.6	8.0	. .	19.3	17.7	
More than 50 per cent of income spent on rent	
Total	
With CRA	11.7	9.2	7.8	5.9	5.9	3.9	16.2	8.3	9.1	
Without CRA	31.8	28.1	26.2	23.5	23.8	19.5	38.6	28.2	28.0	

Notes
1. As at 6 March 2004.
2. Location is derived from postcodes using the ARIA classification. Source: FaCS (unpublished).

Table A6.12: Public rental housing tenants and SOMIH tenants, at 30 June 2004
	Public rental housing	SOMIH	
Age of main tenant	Number	Per cent	Number	Per cent	
15-19	1,833	0.5	106	0.9	
20-24	9,537	2.8	665	5.4	
25-29	16,135	4.8	1,248	10.2	
30-34	24,898	7.4	1,731	14.2	
35-39	30,626	9.1	1,771	14.5	
40-44	35,937	10.7	1,626	13.3	
45-49	33,895	10.1	1,345	11.0	
50-54	30,878	9.2	1,051	8.6	
55-59	29,249	8.7	862	7.1	
60-64	26,165	7.8	652	5.3	
65-69	25,643	7.6	476	3.9	
70-74	24,430	7.3	338	2.8	
75-79	21,823	6.5	183	1.5	
80+	23,019	6.8	92	0.8	
Total	336,250	100.0	12,219	100.0	

Source: AIHW 2005h.

Table A6.13: Summary characteristics of public housing tenants, at 30 June 2004 (per cent)
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust.	
Household composition	
Single adult	49.2	51.5	48.6	53.4	61.7	57.2	48.4	39.1	51.6	
Couple only	10.1	7.1	7.3	9.5	11.1	7.8	8.1	8.0	9.0	
Sole parent with dependent	23.4	20.1	32.5	25.5	19.6	27.8	26.1	30.1	24.1	
Couple with dependent	6.4	4.0	8.3	7.2	4.5	4.3	5.6	10.8	6.0	
Group household	5.1	8.4	1.5	3.0	1.6	1.0	5.3	2.6	4.4	
Multiple household	5.7	8.4	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.8	5.1	9.5	4.6	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Size of household	
One	49.2	51.5	48.6	53.4	61.7	57.2	48.6	39.1	51.6	
Two	25.7	23.5	23.5	23.7	23.5	22.3	24.3	23.0	24.3	
Three	12.1	12.6	14.3	11.0	8.1	12.1	14.2	17.3	12.1	
Four	6.8	6.9	7.8	6.4	3.9	5.6	7.6	10.8	6.6	
Five	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.1	1.8	1.9	3.2	5.1	3.2	
Six	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.6	0.7	1.3	3.0	1.3	
Seven and more	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.4	0.2	0.8	1.7	0.9	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
ASGC	
Major city	80.5	71.7	61.7	70.4	77.3	. .	99.6	. .	71.4	
Inner regional	15.3	22.7	19.4	9.6	6.9	72.8	0.4	. .	16.9	
Outer regional	3.8	5.5	16.6	9.5	13.9	26.3	. .	70.7	9.5	
Remote	0.3	0.0	1.7	7.2	1.8	0.6	. .	25.4	1.7	
Very remote	0.1	. .	0.5	3.3	0.2	0.3	. .	3.9	0.5	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Sex of main tenants (a)	
Females	61.5	66.2	64.1	63.0	59.2	64.3	62.3	59.5	63.2	
Males	38.5	33.8	35.9	37.0	40.8	35.7	37.8	40.5	36.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Average age of main tenants (years)	
Females	47	51	50	52	49	49	49	46	49	
Males	51	55	54	57	50	52	51	55	53	
Total	54	53	52	53	54	50	49	49	53	
Disability status	
With disability	14.7	11.5	36.4	11.2	20.4	35.4	0.9	24.9	18.1	
Without disability	21.7	83.7	63.6	. .	79.6	30.6	47.5	. .	45.8	
Unknown	63.6	4.8	. .	88.8	. .	34.0	51.6	75.1	36.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust.	
Rebate status	
Rebated households	90.0	87.6	84.0	90.0	84.4	82.9	85.0	90.0	87.6	
Non-rebated households	10.0	12.4	16.0	10.0	15.6	17.1	15.0	10.0	12.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Average household size	2.0	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.4	1.9	
Length of tenancy	
6 months or less	5.9	6.4	7.0	9.1	5.8	7.2	5.7	9.9	6.5	
Over 6 months to 1 year	5.9	6.4	5.9	7.5	5.7	6.4	5.4	8.2	6.1	
Over 1 year to 2 years	9.7	11.3	10.5	13.1	9.7	11.0	8.5	12.7	10.5	
Over 2 years to 5 years	22.7	24.2	27.9	25.3	19.8	25.8	23.9	25.3	23.8	
Over 5 years to 10 years	23.6	25.3	27.2	23.5	23.8	24.1	26.5	19.6	24.5	
Over 10 years to 20 years	22.8	20.9	16.7	17.8	35.2	18.8	21.0	20.1	22.5	
More than 20 years	9.5	5.6	4.8	3.7	0.1	6.6	9.1	4.2	6.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Number of new allocations	9,943	5,939	4,590	4,103	3,634	1,170	790	793	30,962	
Total number of households	123,105	62,647	48,490	30,012	44,529	11,375	10,823	5,269	336,250	

(a) Percentages were calculated using records where sex was known. Source: AI HW 2005h.

Table A6.14: Summary characteristic of SOMIH tenants, at 30 June 2004 (per cent)
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	Aust.	
Household composition	
Single adult	16.9	22.1	18.9	19.2	32.9	33.6	21.0	
Couple only	4.3	3.4	8.4	4.1	3.0	8.8	4.9	
Sole parent with dependent children	51.0	43.8	42.8	49.6	41.4	45.2	46.9	
Couple with dependent children	7.7	5.8	17.1	18.1	6.9	6.7	11.2	
Group household	5.2	8.9	3.9	4.3	4.4	1.1	4.9	
Multiple household	14.7	15.7	8.7	4.6	11.4	4.6	11.0	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Size of household	
One	16.9	22.1	18.9	19.2	32.9	33.6	21.0	
Two	28.5	25.3	25.3	21.4	24.0	31.1	25.6	
Three	22.9	23.1	18.4	19.0	19.5	19.4	20.7	
Four	16.2	15.0	15.1	16.8	10.6	10.2	15.0	
Five	8.8	8.8	10.8	11.1	7.2	3.2	9.2	
Six	3.7	3.5	5.5	7.0	3.1	1.8	4.5	
Seven and more	2.8	2.3	6.0	5.5	2.7	0.7	3.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
ASGC	
Major city	41.2	37.8	13.2	29.4	61.6	. .	34.3	
Inner regional	31.9	37.1	14.4	7.9	8.1	82.7	22.2	
Outer regional	19.8	24.7	46.0	22.0	17.2	17.3	26.1	
Remote	5.4	0.4	10.3	20.5	6.1	0.0	8.6	
Very remote	1.6	. .	16.2	20.2	7.1	. .	8.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Sex of main tenants (a)	
Females	79.5	76.9	66.5	75.3	69.3	73.1	73.2	
Males	20.5	23.1	33.6	24.7	30.7	26.9	26.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Average age of main tenants (years)	
Females	37	40	46	41	41	40	41	
Males	42	43	49	49	43	42	46	
Total	42	41	47	43	44	40	43	
Disability status	
With Disability	7.7	3.4	20.3	5.8	11.7	22.7	10.7	
Without Disability	36.6	89.9	79.7	. .	88.3	58.8	53.0	
Unknown	55.7	6.7	. .	94.2	. .	18.5	36.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	Aust.	
Rebate status	
Rebated households	86.4	88.8	73.8	87.9	80.0	84.5	83.1	
Non-rebated households	13.6	11.2	26.3	12.1	20.0	15.5	16.9	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Average household size	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.3	2.6	2.3	3.0	
Length of tenancy	
6 months or less	7.5	11.9	7.5	11.9	9.8	10.2	9.1	
Over 6 months to 1 year	8.5	8.6	8.9	9.7	9.8	14.6	9.2	
Over 1 year to 2 years	12.5	16.2	13.2	15.0	13.7	18.2	13.8	
Over 2 years to 5 years	25.5	32.4	30.5	25.7	25.0	31.6	27.4	
Over 5 years to 10 years	21.7	19.4	22.8	19.2	23.5	17.0	21.4	
Over 10 years to 20 years	18.3	9.8	11.4	15.3	18.2	6.9	15.0	
More than 20 years	6.1	1.6	5.6	3.4	. .	1.5	4.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Number of new allocations	460	160	299	409	277	62	1,667	
Total number of households	4,007	1,219	2,720	2,187	1,751	335	12,219	

(a) Percentages were calculated using records where sex was known.

Note: The ACT does not receive any funds specifically for Indigenous housing; Indigenous Australians are housed as part of the public housing program. No data available for the NT, as all Indigenous-specific housing programs are community managed and administered. The funding for the Indigenous housing program is pooled within the Indigenous Housing Authority of the NT (IHANT); therefore the NT is not able to differentiate funding among various funding sources.

Source: AIHW 2005h.

Table A6.15: Centrelink clients in public rental housing, June 2002 (per cent)
Primary Centrelink payment	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust.	
Age Pension	29.8	28.4	24.8	29.9	33.2	21.9	24.3	19.8	28.6	
Carer Payment	2.2	1.9	2.0	1.6	1.6	2.0	1.1	1.0	1.9	
Disability Pension	29.1	26.6	26.8	25.1	30.6	29.9	23.5	20.9	27.8	
Family Tax Benefit	2.9	2.7	5.0	3.5	2.7	2.6	6.2	7.4	3.4	
Newstart Allowance	10.9	11.1	10.5	12.2	11.6	15.1	12.4	17.5	11.4	
Parenting Payment Partnered (a)	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.7	0.9	1.2	1.8	2.2	1.3	
Parenting Payment Single	20.6	23.8	25.4	22.0	15.6	22.1	24.5	27.6	21.6	
Widow Allowance	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.7	1.3	
Youth Allowance (b)	0.6	0.9	0.5	0.8	1.0	2.7	2.5	1.5	0.8	
Other payments	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.5	2.6	1.3	1.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total clients (no.)	120,163	60,917	47,778	31,786	43,381	12,434	9,282	6,099	331,840	

(a) Includes Parenting Allowance Low Income Earner.

(b) Recipients may be undercounted because those living with parents are not necessarily recorded as being in public housing. Note: Total excludes 281 income units that were resident overseas.

Source: AIHW 2004d.

Table A6.16: CRA recipients, by primary Centrelink payment type, June 2002 (per cent)
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust.	
Age Pension	16.7	17.2	15.6	16.0	17.2	14.3	10.2	8.1	16.3	
Carer Payment	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.5	0.6	1.0	
Disability Support Pension	17.0	17.5	16.8	15.6	18.0	17.9	12.6	16.6	17.0	
Family Tax Benefit	9.9	8.1	9.9	7.3	7.2	6.0	13.1	12.5	9.0	
Newstart Allowance	20.9	22.0	21.4	24.1	21.8	22.0	19.0	29.5	21.7	
Parenting Payment Partnered (a)	2.9	2.3	2.8	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.2	1.8	2.6	
Parenting Payment Single	19.6	17.8	20.4	21.1	21.0	20.0	14.8	18.8	19.6	
Widow Allowance	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.5	0.6	1.1	
Youth Allowance (b)	8.3	10.7	9.5	10.2	9.2	14.3	25.3	10.4	9.6	
Other payments	2.4	2.1	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.2	1.7	1.1	1.9	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total CRA recipients (no.)	305,804	194,521	227,852	83,635	62,164	21,897	7,631	5,558	909,062	

(a) Includes Parenting Allowance Low Income Earner.

(b) Recipients may be undercounted because those living with parents are not necessarily recorded as being in public housing.

Note: CRA recipients are income units in receipt of a Centrelink payment and received CRA during the fortnight ending 14 June 2002 and had an ongoing entitlement to CRA at the end of this period.

Source: AIHW 2004d.

Table A6.17: Unemployed public housing tenants: reasons for non-participation in the labour force, April-May 2003 (per cent)
Reason	Important (quite or very)	Neither	Unimportant	Don't know/Not applicable	Not answered	
Unable to work (e.g. too young, old, ill or disabled)	22	8	18	42	11	
Need more training/education	44	13	17	17	9	
Want/need to stay home to take care of own children	24	5	13	46	12	
Do not have enough work experience	38	13	18	22	9	
No one wants to employ me	31	12	15	29	13	
Not able to work the number of hours I want/need	27	13	20	27	12	
My welfare payments/pension might be reduced	17	15	30	24	13	
There are no jobs in the type of work I am looking for	42	13	16	18	10	
There are no jobs where I live	34	12	17	26	11	
If I work, my rent might go up	20	16	30	21	13	
The pay I would get is too low	21	15	26	24	13	
Transport to work is too expensive/unavailable	25	12	21	30	12	
If I work, I might need to leave my current housing	15	13	28	32	12	
Child care is too expensive/unavailable	12	5	12	59	13	
I am studying	11	9	19	49	13	
I want/need to stay home to take care of others besides my children	4	6	17	60	13	
I do not speak English well enough	6	3	23	57	11	
I am pregnant/on maternity leave	3	3	11	69	14	

Note: Due to the relatively high non-response rate for this question, some caution should be used in interpreting these results. Source: CBSR 2003.

Table A6.18: Number of CSHA dwellings, by program type, 30 June 2004
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Aust.	
Public housing dwellings	124,735	64,855	49,144	31,470	46,695	11,679	11,139	5,618	345,335	
Community housing dwellings	9,469	3,652	5,193	3,519	4,012	402	409	97	26,753	
State owned and managed Indigenous housing	4,088	1,260	2,811	2,325	1,900	341	. .	. .	12,725	
Crisis Accommodation Program	1,355	3,779	1,015	447	243	118	56	116	7,129	
Total dwellings	139,647	73,546	58,163	37,761	52,850	12,540	11,604	5,831	391,942	

Sources: AIHW 2003b, 2003c, 2005f, 2003g.

Table A6.19: Housing outcomes for community housing tenants, 2002 (per cent)
	Feel more settled	Manage money better	Supported by organisation	Able to stay in area	Part of local community	Enjoy better health	Grow in confidence	Better access to services 	Start education/ training	Better job situation	
Applicable	92	89	89	88	83	83	82	80	51	51	
Achieved(a)	93	87	82	91	73	71	80	77	59	44	

(a) The percentage achieved is of those who said it was applicable. Source: NFO Donovan Research 2002.

Table A6.20: Satisfaction with home and specific aspects of service, 2002 (per cent)
	Very Satisfied	Satisfied	Dissatisfied	
Provision of referrals	28	32	10	
Location of home	53	33	7	
Non-maintenance services	43	35	8	
Maintenance services	31	33	20	
Information provided	32	43	9	
Involvement in organisation	28	29	13	
Condition of home	38	39	13	
Knowledge & competence	29	38	10	
Treatment by staff	43	35	9	

Source: NFO Donovan Research 2002.

Table A6.21: Satisfaction with community housing, 2002 (per cent)
	Very satisfied	Satisfied	Dissatisfied	
Age	
15-34	32	41	15	
35-44	41	36	12	
45-64	41	41	8	
65+	47	34	6	
Dwelling type	
Separate	39	40	11	
Attached	45	34	7	
Unit	40	37	10	
Shared/rooming	34	35	16	
Indigenous status	
Indigenous	23	61	8	
Non-Indigenous	40	38	10	

Source: NFO Donovan Research 2002.

Table A6.22: Personal and housing household debt, March 1990-June 2005 quarter
	Personal debt	Housing debt		
	Credit cards	Other personal	Total personal	Owner- occupier	Investor	Total housing	Total household	
	Per cent of household disposable income (debt year before interest payments deducted)	
March 1990	1.7	12.1	13.8	28.1	4.7	32.8	46.6	
June 1990	1.8	12.1	13.9	28.1	4.9	33.0	46.8	
September 1990	1.7	11.7	13.4	27.8	5.3	33.0	46.4	
December 1990	1.7	11.4	13.1	27.8	5.5	33.3	46.4	
March 1991	1.7	11.2	12.9	28.2	5.8	33.9	46.9	
June 1991	1.7	11.1	12.8	28.7	6.0	34.7	47.5	
September 1991	1.7	10.9	12.6	29.4	6.1	35.5	48.1	
December 1991	1.7	10.7	12.4	30.4	6.4	36.8	49.2	
March 1992	1.7	10.5	12.2	31.1	6.5	37.6	49.9	
June 1992	1.7	10.3	12.0	31.8	6.7	38.5	50.5	
September 1992	1.7	10.3	12.0	33.0	6.6	39.5	51.5	
December 1992	1.8	10.2	12.0	34.0	7.0	41.0	53.1	
March 1993	1.8	10.2	12.0	35.5	7.1	42.6	54.6	
June 1993	1.8	10.0	11.8	36.6	7.4	44.1	55.9	
September 1993	1.8	10.0	11.9	38.0	7.9	45.9	57.8	
December 1993	1.9	10.0	11.9	39.3	8.4	47.7	59.6	
March 1994	1.9	10.0	11.9	40.9	8.8	49.7	61.6	
June 1994	1.9	10.0	11.9	42.6	9.3	51.8	63.8	
September 1994	2.0	9.9	11.9	43.6	9.8	53.3	65.2	
December 1994	2.0	10.0	12.0	44.2	10.1	54.3	66.3	
March 1995	2.0	10.1	12.1	44.8	10.4	55.2	67.3	
June 1995	2.0	10.2	12.3	45.2	10.5	55.7	68.0	
September 1995	2.1	10.3	12.4	45.4	10.8	56.1	68.5	
December 1995	2.2	10.3	12.4	46.1	11.2	57.3	69.7	
March 1996	2.2	10.3	12.5	46.7	11.4	58.2	70.7	
June 1996	2.3	10.5	12.8	47.1	11.6	58.8	71.6	
September 1996	2.3	10.8	13.1	47.7	11.9	59.7	72.7	
December 1996	2.3	10.8	13.1	48.1	12.3	60.5	73.6	
March 1997	2.4	10.8	13.2	48.5	13.0	61.5	74.8	
June 1997	2.5	10.9	13.3	49.2	13.7	62.9	76.2	
September 1997	2.5	11.0	13.5	49.9	14.5	64.3	77.9	
December 1997	2.6	11.3	14.0	50.4	15.3	65.7	79.6	
March 1998	2.7	11.6	14.3	51.0	16.1	67.0	81.4	
June 1998	2.8	11.6	14.5	51.9	16.8	68.6	83.1	
September 1998	3.0	11.8	14.8	51.9	17.4	69.3	84.1	
December 1998	3.0	12.1	15.2	52.6	18.1	70.7	85.9	

(continued)

Table A6.22: Personal and housing household debt, March 1990-June 2005 quarter (continued)
	Personal debt	Housing debt		
	Credit cards	Other personal	Total personal	Owner- occupier	Investor	Total housing	Total household	
	Per cent of household disposable income (debt year before interest payments deducted)	
March 1999	3.2	12.5	15.7	53.0	18.8	71.7	87.4	
June 1999	3.2	12.7	15.9	53.2	19.6	72.8	88.7	
September 1999	3.4	12.9	16.4	54.2	20.5	74.7	91.1	
December 1999	3.5	13.1	16.7	55.0	21.4	76.4	93.0	
March 2000	3.7	13.3	17.0	55.9	22.6	78.5	95.5	
June 2001	3.8	13.5	17.4	56.4	23.4	79.9	97.2	
September 2001	3.8	13.4	17.2	56.1	23.8	80.0	97.2	
December 2001	4.0	13.5	17.4	56.2	23.5	79.8	97.2	
March 2001	4.1	13.5	17.5	56.7	23.8	80.5	98.0	
June 2001	4.1	13.4	17.5	57.2	24.2	81.4	98.9	
September 2001	4.2	13.6	17.8	59.4	24.9	84.4	102.1	
December 2001	4.3	13.7	18.0	62.1	25.5	87.6	105.6	
March 2002	4.4	13.9	18.2	64.3	26.6	90.9	109.2	
June 2002	4.5	14.3	18.8	66.6	27.9	94.5	113.3	
September 2002	4.6	14.4	19.0	68.3	29.4	97.7	116.8	
December 2002	4.6	14.4	19.1	69.7	30.7	100.3	119.4	
March 2003	4.7	14.8	19.5	71.7	32.3	104.0	123.5	
June 2003	4.7	15.4	20.1	73.3	34.1	107.4	127.6	
September 2003	4.8	15.8	20.6	75.1	36.1	111.2	131.8	
December 2003	4.9	16.0	20.9	76.8	37.8	114.6	135.6	
March 2004	5.0	16.2	21.2	78.1	39.2	117.3	138.5	
June 2004	5.0	16.3	21.3	79.0	40.1	119.2	140.5	
September 2004	5.1	16.5	21.5	80.0	40.8	120.8	142.3	
December 2004	5.1	16.9	22.1	81.4	41.1	122.5	144.6	

Note: The separation of housing debt is based on bank lending data. Source: Reserve Bank of Australia.

Chapter 7 Services for People Experiencing Homelessness

Table A7.1: SAAP agencies and support periods provided to clients, by primary target group, 2003-04
	Agencies	Support periods	
Primary target group	Number	Per cent	Number	Per cent	
Young people	454 	37.1	34,500	18.5	
Women escaping domestic violence	283	23.1	39,400	21.1	
Cross-target/multiple/general	229	18.7	64,200	34.4	
Families	117	9.8	9,500	5.1	
Single men only	95	7.8	34,500	18.5	
Single women only	47	3.8	5,100	2.7	
Total	1,225	100.0	187,200	100.0	

Source: AIHW 2005: table A1.1; SAAP Client Collection.

Table A7.2: Closed SAAP support periods provided to single men aged 45 and over, by main source of income immediately before support and age group, 2003-04 (per cent)
	Single men aged 45 and over	Other SAAP clients	
Main source of income	45-54	55-64	65-74	75+	Total		
No income	2.5	1.6	0.6	1.8	2.1	7.8	
No income, awaiting pension/benefit	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.5	1.0	
Age Pension	0.2	4.6	70.3	57.0	10.2	1.2	
Disability Support Pension	65.0	71.4	22.2	9.5	60.6	16.7	
DVA Disability Pension	1.2	4.3	2.3	5.2	2.2	0.6	
Newstart Allowance	23.8	12.9	1.8	9.4	18.2	24.5	
Other government pension/benefit	3.1	2.9	2.1	11.9	3.2	38.8	
Other income	3.6	2.0	0.5	4.8	2.9	6.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	9,400	4,100	1,600	500	15,500	136,800	

Notes
1. Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 16,900.
2. Valid data for 'Other SAAP' includes records with errors and omissions in age.
3. Figures have been weighted to adjust for incomplete coverage. Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A7.3: SAAP support periods provided to single men aged 45 and over, by type of service and age group, 2003-04 (per cent)
	Single men aged 45 and over	Other SAAP clients	
Type of service	45-54	55-64	65-74	75+	Total		
Housing/accommodation	72.8	73.1	73.9	50.7	72.2	63.5	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	65.9	65.8	68.4	44.8	65.4	50.0	
Assistance to obtain/maintain short-term accommodation	11.9	10.2	8.1	6.6	10.9	15.8	
Assistance to obtain/maintain independent housing	10.2	9.8	9.2	9.5	10.0	19.9	
Financial/employment	26.8	26.3	22.1	27.7	26.2	35.8	
Assistance to obtain/maintain government payment	4.3	3.7	3.1	2.9	4.0	9.2	
Employment/training assistance	1.6	0.6	0.1	0.2	1.2	3.9	
Financial assistance/material aid	22.9	22.7	19.7	25.2	22.6	29.2	
Financial counselling	4.2	4.1	2.1	2.1	3.9	6.9	
Counselling	35.2	31.5	31.8	27.0	33.6	49.4	
Incest/sexual assault	0.3	0.2	0.1	-	0.2	2.1	
Domestic violence	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.6	0.5	15.7	
Family/relationship	3.0	2.4	1.9	1.5	2.7	12.9	
Emotional/other	34.4	30.8	31.3	25.9	32.8	44.4	
Assistance with problem gambling	0.5	0.8	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.4	
General support/advocacy	70.4	68.8	71.9	60.7	69.8	72.8	
Living skills/personal development	7.0	6.2	5.5	3.7	6.6	14.0	
Assistance with legal issues/court support	2.2	1.3	1.2	2.1	1.8	10.1	
Advice/information	48.7	45.7	47.8	45.2	47.7	60.4	
Retrieval/storage/removal of belongings	41.0	39.4	43.8	25.8	40.3	18.5	
Advocacy/liaison on behalf of client	17.3	16.6	16.1	17.5	17.0	33.6	
Brokerage services	2.5	2.1	1.6	2.2	2.3	5.6	
Specialist services	40.8	41.2	46.2	29.7	41.0	25.2	
Psychological services	0.9	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.8	1.2	
Psychiatric services	2.1	1.5	0.5	0.4	1.7	1.5	
Pregnancy support	-	-	-	-	-	1.5	
Family planning support	-	-	-	-	-	0.9	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	31.0	31.4	34.4	19.9	31.1	10.2	
Physical disability services	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.2	
Intellectual disability services	0.1	0.4	-	-	0.2	0.3	
Culturally appropriate support	2.4	1.9	2.6	1.9	2.3	7.0	
Interpreter services	0.3	0.1	0.5	-	0.3	1.1	
Assistance with immigration issues	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.7	
Health/medical services	12.9	12.7	14.2	11.2	12.9	10.4	
Basic support	74.3	73.6	74.1	51.0	73.3	57.4	
Meals	61.6	58.3	60.6	39.4	59.9	40.1	
Laundry/shower facilities	61.3	60.9	63.8	40.4	60.7	37.4	
Recreation	22.6	20.0	18.9	15.0	21.3	21.4	
Transport	11.0	11.8	11.7	13.4	11.3	26.6	
Other	9.0	9.0	6.4	7.3	8.7	13.3	
No services provided directly	1.6	1.5	1.6	6.3	1.7	2.6	
Total (number)	10,800	4,700	1,700	600	17,900	163,700	

Notes
1. Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 6,800 (cases with no information on service requirements or provision).
2. Clients were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
3. Figures have been weighted to adjust for incomplete coverage. Source: SAAP Client Collection.

TableA7.4: SAAP support periods provided to women aged 20 and over escaping domestic violence, by reason for seeking assistance, whether accompanied by children and Indigenous status, 2003-04 (per cent)
	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	
Reason for seeking assistance	With accompanying children 	Without accompanying children	Total	With accompanying children 	Without accompanying children	Total	
Usual accommodation unavailable	14.2	15.4	14.7	12.5	12.1	12.3	
Time out from family/other situation	25.7	24.4	25.2	13.3	13.0	13.2	
Relationship/family breakdown	30.6	28.5	29.8	39.4	34.5	37.4	
Interpersonal conflict	17.0	17.0	17.0	22.5	21.1	22.0	
Physical/emotional abuse	50.0	49.0	49.6	53.0	50.5	52.0	
Domestic violence	93.6	91.8	92.9	93.3	92.1	92.8	
Sexual abuse	3.5	3.8	3.6	6.4	8.3	7.1	
Financial difficulty	13.3	10.2	12.1	22.6	19.3	21.3	
Gambling	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.8	
Eviction/previous accommodation ended	5.7	3.6	4.9	9.3	7.8	8.7	
Drug/alcohol/substance abuse	15.5	13.9	14.8	6.9	9.2	7.8	
Emergency accommodation ended	1.7	1.1	1.4	2.4	2.6	2.5	
Recently left institution	0.3	0.7	0.4	0.4	1.3	0.7	
Psychiatric illness	0.8	2.2	1.4	2.1	4.4	3.0	
Recent arrival to area with no means of support	5.9	4.3	5.3	4.9	5.0	4.9	
Itinerant	2.8	2.2	2.6	1.9	2.7	2.2	
Other	4.3	5.5	4.8	8.0	6.6	7.4	
Total	60.4	39.6	100.0	59.8	40.2	100.0	
Total (number)	5,200	3,400	8,600	16,800	11,300	28,000	

Notes
1. Number excluded due to errors or omissions (weighted): 2,500.
2. Table excludes high-volume records because not all items were collected on the high-volume form.
3. Clients were able to indicate multiple reasons, so column percentages do not total 100.
4. Figures have been weighted to adjust for incomplete coverage. Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A7.5: Closed SAAP support periods provided to women aged 20 and over escaping domestic violence, living situation immediately before and after support by Indigenous status, 2003-04 (per cent)
	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	
Living situation	Before support 	After support	Before support 	After support	
With parent(s)/relatives	24.4	29.8	9.9	9.6	
With spouse/partner with children	30.3	16.5	31.2	11.7	
With spouse/partner without children	18.8	8.8	16.9	6.0	
Alone with children	16.1	29.6	22.8	42.6	
Alone without children	4.3	7.3	8.0	14.5	
With friends/other unrelated persons	5.6	6.9	10.0	13.3	
Other	0.6	1.2	1.1	2.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	7,800	6,100	22,800	19,500	

Notes
1. Number excluded due to errors and omissions before support (weighted): 3,200.
2. Number excluded due to errors and omissions after support (weighted): 8,200.
3. Table excludes high-volume records because not all items were collected on the high-volume form.
4. Figures have been weighted to adjust for incomplete coverage. Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A7.6: SAAP support periods provided to women aged 20 and over escaping domestic violence, by type of service, whether accompanied by a child and Indigenous status, 2003-04 (per cent)
	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	
Broad type of service	With accompanying child(ren)	Without accompanying child(ren)	Total	With accompanying child(ren)	Without accompanying child(ren)	Total	
SAAP/CAP accommodation	77.3	74.8	76.3	46.2	40.0	43.7	
Assistance to obtain/maintain non-SAAP/CAP accommodation/housing	29.6	19.9	25.8	37.3	27.9	33.6	
Financial/employment	44.2	35.4	40.7	44.4	35.4	40.8	
Counselling	74.1	66.9	71.3	86.6	81.6	84.6	
General support/advocacy	69.8	66.5	68.5	87.5	84.5	86.3	
Health/medical services	16.1	17.4	16.7	11.9	12.1	12.0	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.0	5.9	4.8	
Other specialist services	37.0	30.5	34.4	17.4	17.1	17.3	
Basic support	77.4	76.8	77.2	50.7	48.9	50.0	
No services provided directly	0.7	0.3	0.6	1.1	0.8	1.0	
Total (number)	5,300	3,400	8,700	17,300	11,600	28,900	

Notes
1. Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 1,500 (including cases with no information on service requirements or provision).
2. Clients were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
3. Figures have been weighted to adjust for incomplete coverage. Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A7.7: Young SAAP clients aged to 19 years, by age and gender, 2003-04 (per cent)
	Proportion of gender group	Proportion of young clients		
Age	Males	Females	Males	Females	Total	Total (number)	
Under 15 years	10.6	9.8	4.1	6.0	10.1	1,900	
15 years	9.1	9.3	3.5	5.7	9.2	1,700	
16 years	16.4	18.1	6.3	11.1	17.5	3,300	
17 years	22.5	22.5	8.7	13.8	22.5	4,200	
18 years	22.3	21.0	8.6	12.8	21.5	4,000	
19 years	19.0	19.4	7.4	11.9	19.3	3,600	
Total	100.0	100.0	38.7	61.3	100.0	 . .	
Total (number)	7,300	11,600	7,300	11,600	 . .	18,800	
Mean age (years)	16.8	16.8	 . .	 . .	 . .	16.8	
Median age (years)	17	17	 . .	 . .	 . .	17	

Note: Figures have been weighted to adjust for incomplete coverage. Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A7.8: SAAP support periods provided to clients aged to 19 years, by type of service, age and gender, 2003-04 (per cent)
	Clients aged to 19 years	Other SAAP clients	
Broad type of service provided	Under 15	15	16	17	18	19	Total		
	Males	
SAAP accommodation	53.5	64.7	65.8	65.4	59.1	54.4	60.8	58.7	
Assistance to obtain/ maintain non-SAAP/CAP accommodation/housing	15.4	24.8	32.0	36.4	41.7	42.7	35.3	23.9	
Financial/employment	13.4	29.3	37.9	39.3	42.1	41.5	37.0	30.1	
Counselling	64.4	55.2	51.0	46.1	46.1	40.9	48.3	33.7	
General support/advocacy	67.2	75.1	78.4	78.7	78.1	76.5	76.8	69.9	
Health/medical services	6.2	9.8	9.9	10.0	9.8	9.8	9.5	11.2	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	4.0	8.2	9.4	9.8	11.5	10.7	9.6	21.7	
Other specialist services	14.8	9.5	7.8	7.9	7.4	8.3	8.6	6.0	
Basic support	65.2	70.6	68.6	68.3	66.1	61.2	66.4	67.6	
No services provided directly	3.2	3.5	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.6	2.5	
Total (number)	1,100	1,000	2,100	2,900	2,800	2,300	12,100	74,800	
	Females	
SAAP accommodation	41.9	57.2	53.2	53.7	48.3	46.3	50.3	43.3	
Assistance to obtain/ maintain non-SAAP/CAP accommodation/housing	13.0	25.7	34.9	40.1	45.8	43.3	37.4	30.4	
Financial/employment	17.1	31.3	37.5	39.7	43.1	40.9	37.6	37.9	
Counselling	70.7	66.1	60.7	57.5	57.0	57.5	56.9	59.5	
General support/advocacy	71.6	72.6	79.1	78.7	77.2	76.7	77.0	73.6	
Health/medical services	9.2	13.0	12.4	11.9	13.5	12.9	12.4	9.8	
Drug/alcohol support or intervention	2.9	4.7	5.7	6.5	5.9	5.4	5.6	5.0	
Other specialist services	12.2	11.2	11.4	13.6	15.4	17.1	14.0	15.4	
Basic support	71.6	67.2	60.8	60.9	57.9	54.5	60.5	50.1	
No services provided directly	3.2	2.3	1.9	2.3	2.6	2.1	2.3	2.4	
Total (number)	1,600	1,600	3,400	4,300	4,000	3,700	18,700	80,400	

Notes
1. Number excluded due to errors and omissions (weighted): 6,000 (including cases with no information on service requirements or provision).
2. Clients were able to receive multiple services, so percentages do not total 100.
3. Figures have been weighted to adjust for incomplete coverage. Source: SAAP Client Collection.

Table A7.9: SAAP clients and support periods provided to clients, 1996-97 to 2003-04
	Clients	Support periods	
1996-97	83,200	156,500	
1997-98	94,100	164,300	
1998-99	90,700	163,200	
1999-00	90,000	157,600	
2000-01	93,000	170,700	
2001-02	95,600	177,000	
2002-03	97,600	176,300	
2003-04	100,200	187,200	

Source: AIHW 2005: table 9.2.

Chapter 8 Welfare Services Resources

Table A8.1: Employed persons by industry, 1999 and 2004
	1999	2004		
Industry	Number ('000)	Proportion part-time (%)	Proportion female (%)	Number ('000)	Proportion part-time (%)	Proportion female (%)	Growth in number 1999-2004 (%)	
Total community services	198.5	45.0	79.3	243.3	45.8	81.0	22.6	
Child care services	57.8	39.0	94.4	82.1	46.2	96.3	42.0	
Community care services	140.6	47.5	73.0	155.0	45.5	73.4	10.2	
Community services nfd	-	-	-	6.2	45.6	67.7	-	
Health services	618.6	39.2	76.9	733.5	41.6	77.3	18.6	
Health and community services nfd	-	-	-	4.5	41.9	88.3	-	
Total health and community services	817.0	40.6	77.5	981.3	42.7	78.2	20.1	
Other industries	
Government administration and Defence	351.5	13.8	45.9	448.9	17.6	49.8	27.7	
Education	614.1	32.5	67.1	692.6	34.5	67.7	12.8	
Other industries (incl. not stated)	6,937.6	24.7	37.4	7,513.5	26.7	37.8	8.3	
Total all industries	8,720.2	26.3	43.6	9,636.3	28.4	44.6	10.5	

Note: Annual figures are the average of the four quarters. Source: ABS 2005b.

Table A8.2: Persons in community services occupations, selected characteristics 1999 and 2004
	1999	2004		
Occupation	Number ('000)	Proportion part-time (%)	Proportion aged 45+ (%)	Proportion female (%)	FTE per 100,000 population (a)	Number ('000)	Proportion part-time (%)	Proportion aged 45+ (%)	Proportion female (%)	FTE per 100,000 population (a)	
Child care coordinator	5.6	26.3	33.9	71.4	32.8	8.2	32.8	31.3	85.6	39.8	
Pre-primary school teacher	13.4	35.9	30.1	98.3	66.2	14.7	48.7	37.0	98.1	61.4	
Special education teacher	10.4	30.6	51.9	79.0	51.3	13.9	32.7	53.1	84.7	68.6	
Social worker	11.3	24.2	42.1	78.9	56.7	11.5	30.2	42.9	76.4	53.9	
Welfare and community worker	22.5	33.6	41.8	78.6	112.7	29.3	31.8	50.8	81.6	135.7	
Counsellor	14.5	40.8	45.7	75.1	67.3	17.3	35.6	56.7	74.7	77.1	
Social welfare professional nfd	 - 	 . .	 . .	 . .	 . .	**0.2	 - 	53.2	100.0	0.9	
Welfare associate professional	14.5	25.7	33.5	61.0	77.3	21.4	32.6	33.3	66.3	93.2	
Indigenous health worker	**1.7	31.9	18.4	52.2	8.7	**0.7	42.3	36.6	42.3	2.9	
Education aide	42.4	78.1	39.6	95.2	151.4	51.7	76.0	42.8	92.4	175.4	
Children's care worker	71.6	49.8	22.4	98.1	300.5	86.7	51.2	24.7	96.0	348.5	
Special care worker	63.2	66.2	42.9	88.2	231.4	77.5	60.6	51.7	82.7	299.2	
Carer or aide nfd	 - 	 . .	 . .	 . .	 . .	**1.6	75.0	69.8	85.9	4.9	
Total community services	270.9	51.8	35.8	88.2	1,156.2	334.4	51.6	41.0	86.6	1,361.6	
Total all occupations	8,720.2	26.3	31.9	43.6	46,949.4	9,636.3	28.4	35.3	44.6	48,721.5	

(a) Full-time equivalent based on a standard 35-hour week. Note: Annual figures are the average of the four quarters.

Source: ABS 2005b.