Residential aged care in Australia
2009–10
A statistical overview
August 2011

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Suggested citation
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2011. Residential Aged Care in Australia 2009-10: a statistical overview. Aged care statistics series no. 35. Cat. No. AGE 66. Canberra: AIHW.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Board Chair
Dr Andrew Refshauge
Director
David Kalisch
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Contents
Abbreviations
Symbols
Summary
1	Introduction
The Australian aged care system
Report structure and data sources
2	Residential aged care services and provision
2.1	Allocated places
2.2	Operational places
2.3	How are places distributed nationally?
2.4	Aged care provision ratios
2.5	Residential aged care facilities
2.6 	Extra Service places
2.7	Spending on residential aged care
3	Resident characteristics
3.1	Age and sex
3.2	Geographical location
3.3	Marital status
3.4	Indigenous status
3.5	Country of birth
3.6	Preferred languages
3.7	Income source
3.8	Support for financially disadvantaged residents
3.9	Hospital leave
3.10	Newly admitted residents
4	Patterns of use
4.1	Admissions
4.2	Separations
4.3	Length of stay
4.4	Average length of stay
4.5	Resident turnover
4.6	Usage rates
4.7	Occupied place-days
4.8	Occupancy rate
5	Care needs of residents
5.1	Overall level of care needed
5.2	ACFI appraisals on admission
5.3	ACFI appraisals for permanent residents
5.4	ACFI for younger residents
5.5	Separation mode by ACFI level of care
5.6	Length of stay by ACFI level of care
5.7	Health conditions
5.8	Dementia and mental illness
6	Trends in the use of residential aged care
6.1	Overall usage
6.2	Admissions, separations, and completed length of stay
6.3	Transition from respite care to permanent care
6.4	Permanent residents and usage rates by age
6.5	Occupancy rates
Appendix 1: Residential aged care services and provision
Appendix 2: Resident characteristics
Appendix 3: Patterns of use
Appendix 4: Aged Care Funding Instrument
Appendix 5: Population data
Appendix 6: Financial support arrangements
Appendix 7: Data sources and limitations
Resident data
General population data
Resident information
Application for classification
Admission and separation date
Calculation of provision ratios
Populations used in the tables in this report
Data limitations
Calculations
Glossary
References
List of tables
List of figures
List of boxes

Acknowledgments
This publication was prepared in the Ageing and Aged Care Unit. Thank you to colleagues in the Ageing and Aged Care Division of the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing who contributed to this report by supplying the data and making comments on drafts.

Abbreviations
ABS			Australian Bureau of Statistics
ACAR			Aged Care Approvals Round
ACAT			Aged Care Assessment Team(s)
ACFI			Aged Care Funding Instrument
ACCMIS		Aged and Community Care Management Information System
ADL			Activities of Daily Living
AIHW			Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
ARIA			Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia
ASGC			Australian Standard Geographical Classification
BEH			Behaviour
CACP			Community Aged Care Package(s)
CD			Census Collection District
CHC			Complex Health Care
CHIPS			Commonwealth Hostel Information Payment System (the previous			payment system for hostels)
DoHA			Department of Health and Ageing (Australian Government)
DVA			Department of Veterans’ Affairs (Australian Government)
EACH			Extended Aged Care at Home Package(s)
EACHD		Extended Aged Care at Home Dementia Package(s)
HACC			Home and Community Care
ICD–10–AM	International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health
Problems – Tenth Revision – Australian Modification 2008
MPS			Multi-Purpose Service(s)
NAPS			National Approved Provider System
NHPS			Nursing Home Payment System (the previous payment system for
nursing homes)
RCS			Resident Classification Scale
SEIFA			Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas
SPARC		System for the Payment of Aged Residential Care (the current
			payment system for residential care)
TCP			Transition Care Program
Symbols
. .			Not applicable
<			Less than
Summary
This report focuses on the residential aged care system in Australia, which is regulated and principally funded by the Australian Government. Some information on community-based aged care is included for context and completeness.
Residential care provision broadly on target
•	The number of residential aged care places continues to increase, with over 182,850 operational residential places at 30 June 2010 compared to around 178,300 places in 2009, and an average occupancy over the year of 92.3%.
•	The provision ratio for residential aged care places fell slightly compared with the previous year, and is just below the government’s target for 2011. The government has a planning target of 88 places per 1,000 by June 2011. At 30 June 2010, the provision ratio for residential aged care places was 86.8 places per 1,000 people aged 70 years or more, compared to 87.0 places the previous year.
•	The provision ratio for residential aged care places and community aged care packages combined was 111.2 places per 1,000 people aged 70 years or over in 2010 compared to 110.1 in 2009. The government’s target is 113 places per 1,000 by June 2011.
Residents—mostly with high care needs and mostly women—over half are 85+
•	At 30 June 2010, there were nearly 166,400 residents in mainstream residential aged care services.
•	70% of all residents were female.
•	Over half of all residents were aged 85 years or over.
•	Seven out of ten permanent residents (71%) were assessed as ‘high-care’ and the remainder as ‘low-care’.
Government spending on aged care services is substantial
•	In 2009–10, the total recurrent Australian and state and territory government expenditure on residential aged care services was $7.3 billion, with the Australian Government the dominant funder (estimated $7.1 billion).
•	Across jurisdictions, annual recurrent Australian Government expenditure on residential aged care per person aged 70 years and over was highest in South Australia ($3,988), and lowest in the Australian Capital Territory($2,749), compared to the Australian average of $3,367.
Indigenous use of residential aged care
•	More Indigenous people use mainstream residential care at younger ages (60–64 years) when compared with the non-Indigenous population, with this trend reversing in older age groups.

1	Introduction
The Australian aged care system
The growth of the aged population in Australia has demanded formal care services that assist older people (Borowski & McDonald 2007). Australian Government-subsidised residential aged care is one of the main types of formal care delivery for frail or disabled older people administered under the Aged Care Act 1997. The other main types of care administered under the Act are made available in the community through packages provided under the Community Aged Care Program (CACP), the Extended Aged Care at Home (EACH) program, the Extended Aged Care at Home—Dementia (EACHD) program and the Transition Care Program (TCP). Multi-Purpose Services (MPSs) also provide residential places and community aged care. Each of these types of care is described briefly below.
Outside the Aged Care Act 1997, flexible places are provided under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program. Also operating outside the Act are the Australian Government-funded National Respite for Carers Program (NRCP), and the Home and Community Care (HACC) program, which is funded by the Commonwealth and state and territory governments. Under the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) National Health and Hospitals Network Agreement of 10 April 2010, the Commonwealth will mostly take full responsibility for the HACC program for people aged 65 years and over on 1 July 2011. From 1 July 2011, the Australian Government will fund the HACC Program for all clients aged 65 years and over (50 years and over for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people). State and territory governments will fund the HACC Program for all people under these ages. These arrangements will not apply in Western Australia or Victoria who have not agreed to any changes to the HACC Program at this stage. In these states the HACC Program will continue to be a joint Australian Government, state and territory government initiative. The Australian Government provides 60 per cent of funding and maintains a broad strategic policy role with the remaining funding and day-to-day management provided by the state governments.
Access to assistance from any of these types of care (with the exception of HACC, NRCP and the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program) requires approval from a multidisciplinary Aged Care Assessment Team (ACAT) (DoHA 2009a). ACATs operate throughout Australia as a single point of entry to these aged care services, and act as a source of advice and referral about other community services. In addition, care recipients may sometimes receive assistance from more than one aged care program, for example, a CACP and residential respite care. As their care needs change, care recipients may also move from one type of care to another, such as from a CACP or EACH package to a residential aged care facility.
Residential aged care
The Australian Government funds aged care facilities to provide residential aged care to older Australians whose care needs are such that they can no longer remain in their own homes. Facilities provide suitable accommodation and related services (such as laundry, meals and cleaning) as well as personal care services (such as assistance with activities of daily living). Nursing care and equipment are provided to residents requiring such assistance. The residential aged care program is provided on a permanent or respite basis.
Prior to the Aged Care Act 1997, the components of residential aged care: nursing homes and hostels, were regulated and funded as separate entities. Following the Aged Care Act 1997 these facilities were regulated under a common Act and funded according to the care needs of residents. Ageing in place was encouraged to provide better continuity of care.
Permanent care
Permanent residential aged care is offered to people who are no longer able to be supported living in the community. Permanent care is offered at two levels—low-care and high-care—depending on a person’s assessed needs (DoHA 2009e). Assessments focus on a person’s physical, medical, psychological, cultural and social needs. Permanent residents receiving low-level care require accommodation and personal care, and residents receiving high-level care require 24-hour nursing and accommodation in addition to their low-care needs. 
Respite care
Residential respite gives short-term care in aged care facilities on a planned or emergency basis to elderly people who need temporary care, but intend to return to their own home. It supports elderly people in transition stages of health, and is used by carers to provide them with a break from their caring duties. Residential respite care is either planned or emergency based, and is provided as either low- or high-care.
Community care and flexible care
There is a continuing strong emphasis on the provision of innovative and flexible community care to help people stay in their own homes. Community care services offer packaged care at different levels of assistance, depending on the needs of the client. The largest source of community care assistance is provided through the HACC program, administered under the Home and Community Care Act 1985. In 2008–09, an estimated 862,488 people received assistance from the HACC program (DoHA 2010b).
Community care in a person’s home is also provided as tailored packages through Community Aged Care Packages (CACP). These packages provide care for frail or disabled older people whose dependency and complex care needs would qualify them for entry to an aged care facility, at least for low-level care. CACPs are complemented by Extended Aged Care At Home (EACH) and Extended Aged Care At Home Dementia (EACHD) packages, which aim to deliver care at home that is equivalent to high-level residential care. 
The Transition Care Program (TCP) is a relatively new program which is jointly funded by the Australian Government and the state and territory governments. It provides time-limited, goal-oriented and therapy-focused care for older people after a hospital stay. The TCP provides older people with a package of services that includes low-intensity therapy (such as physiotherapy), care management, nursing support and personal care. Transition care can be provided for up to 12 weeks (with a possible extension of another 6 weeks), either in a home-like residential setting or in a person’s home. The places are aimed at older people who have been assessed as eligible for residential aged care during a hospital stay. This gives care recipients, their families and carers time to consider long-term care arrangements. It also aims to optimise the independence level of those older people prior to their making longer term arrangements. Because the duration of treatment is time limited, the program has a much larger reach over a year than indicated by the annual provision of places. A detailed report on the operations of the Transition Care Program for 2008–09 is now available (AIHW 2011c).
Multi-Purpose Services (MPS) are also a joint initiative between the Australian Government and those states and territories that need such services. They deliver a mix of aged care, health and community services in rural and remote communities, many of which cannot sustain separate services (DoHA 2010c). The services may be delivered at central locations or out in the community.
In addition, flexible models of care are provided under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program (NATSI Flexible Aged Care Program). The services funded under this program provide culturally appropriate residential and community aged care, mainly in rural and remote areas close to Indigenous communities.
Box 1.1: Aged care packages in the community
CACP
CACP’s low-care community care places are designed to meet the daily care needs of frail older people, allowing them to stay in their own homes and community without having to enter low-level residential care. Care planning and case management services are provided, including assistance with personal care, meals, and domestic duties, such as cleaning (DoHA 2009a).
EACH and EACHD packages
The EACH package provides care to older, frail people with more complex care needs. A customised program is developed for each individual. The aim of the EACH program is to allow older people to stay in their own homes and community instead of entering high-level residential care. EACH packages may include clinical care (nursing services), personal assistance, meal preparation, continence management, therapy services, home safety and medication management (DoHA 2009a).
The EACHD package provides high-level care for frail older people with dementia so they can remain at home. The EACHD package offers the same type of assistance as the EACH package, but is specific to the needs of people with dementia (DoHA 2009a).
Report structure and data sources
This is the 2009–10 edition of an annual series of reports about residential aged care in Australia. A companion report, Aged care packages in the community: a statistical overview, provides information about community aged care for 2009–10.
The aim of this report is to provide a summary of residential aged care provision and describe the characteristics of aged care residents. Data on expenditure relating to residential aged care is also provided.
•	Chapter 2 reports on the provision of residential aged care services, including the number and distribution of places and the characteristics of outlets that provide these services. Some information about the provision of community aged care packages is provided for comparison purposes and to aid in forming an overall view of aged care nationally. This chapter also includes information on Extra Services and expenditure.
•	Chapter 3 describes the characteristics of residents at 30 June 2010, including newly admitted residents.
•	Chapter 4 contains data on patterns of service use by residents, including admitted and separated residents during 2009–10.
•	Chapter 5 provides information on the Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI), and discusses resident care levels.
•	Chapter 6 presents time series tables, providing an overview of trends over the last 10 years or more, as well as data on residents’ transition from respite to permanent care.
Data on residential aged care places and aged care packages provided in the community have been extracted from the Department of Health and Ageing’s (DoHA) Aged and Community Care Management Information System (ACCMIS) data warehouse. Source information is provided at relevant points for data obtained from other sources.
The first few tables in Chapter 2 (Tables 2.1 to 2.6) include places available through Multi-Purpose Services and those provided under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program. All other tables include data for mainstream services only.
2	Residential aged care services and provision
This chapter provides information about the number of aged care places available in Australia and where they are located. It describes the aged care approvals process, with data on approved, allocated and operational places. The chapter also includes analysis and discussion of provision ratios to determine if the current number of places in residential aged care meets the expected demands of the ageing Australian population. Some data about the provision of community aged care packages is provided for comparison purposes and to aid in forming an overall view of aged care nationally.
Information on aged care facilities is also included, as well as details of Extra Service places, expenditure and accommodation bonds.
2.1	Allocated places
Each year, the planning process undertaken by the Australian Government, aims to identify community needs and allocate places in a way that best meets these needs (see Box 2.1). This process aims to ensure a sufficient supply of low-care and high-care places, and achieve equitable access to services between metropolitan, regional, rural and remote areas (DoHA 2010c). Aged Care Planning Advisory Committees, which operate under the Aged Care Act 1997, provide advice on the distribution of places to Aged Care Planning Regions in each State and Territory. Australian Government planning of service provision aims to maintain a national target level of operational aged care places across the programs administered under the Aged Care Act 1997 (see Section 2.4 and Box 2.3). The current target ratio is 113 places per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over, to be achieved by June 2011 (DoHA 2010c). In addition, the planning process aims to provide access to an array of care options to meet the needs and preferences of care recipients.
Box 2.1: Allocation of places—the Aged Care Approvals Round (ACAR)
New aged care places are usually made available annually in each state and territory, based on the national target and provision ratio (see Box 2.3) and considering the regional distribution of need.
The ACAR is a competitive, annual application process that enables organisations to apply for a number of different Australian Government subsidised aged care places. Places are allocated to applicants who can demonstrate they best meet the needs of the ageing population within a community and an aged-care planning region (DoHA 2008).
To obtain an allocation of places under the Aged Care Act 1997, the applicant must be an Approved Provider. For example, organisations that wish to provide residential aged care services need to apply for the relevant Approved Provider status for the type of care they wish to provide (DoHA 2010a). Places cannot be allocated to a provider without the necessary Approved Provider status (DoHA 2008).
Places for MPSs, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program, and TCPs are not allocated in the ACAR process.
The approval process caters for the ongoing provision of new places that are needed to achieve the target ratio. Service providers who receive an allocation of new places are required under the Aged Care Act 1997 to make them operational within two years, otherwise the places lapse or the provider needs to apply for an extension. As such, there are time lags from the date residential aged care, CACP, EACH and EACHD places are approved, allocated and then made operational.
The number of new aged care places allocated relates to a comparison with the national target of 113 places per 1,000 people aged 70 years and over in the general population, as well as current levels of service provision, including newly allocated places that have not yet become operational (DoHA 2010c).
In the 2008–09 ACAR, the overall allocation of new places included:
•	1,983 low-care residential places
•	3,765 high-care residential places
•	2,944 CACPs
•	1,755 EACH/EACHD packages.
Allocated high-care residential places to approved providers in 2008–09 were greater than allocated low-care places, as occurred in the 2007–08 allocations, although there were fewer allocations than in the previous year. Allocations of both high- and low-care community places (EACH/EACHD and CACP) were higher than in the previous year (Figure 2.1).
Figure 2.1: Number of new residential aged care, CACP, EACH and EACHD places allocated to approved providers, 1995–96 to 2009–10
Vertical bar chart showing, for EACH and EACHD, CACPs, high care and low care residential places, on the y-axis number and on the x-axis year.
Source: Table A1.1.
No Australian Government subsidised places were allocated to providers in the 2009-10 financial year but places
 from the 2009-10 ACAR were allocated to providers in early December 2010.
2.2	Operational places
An operational place is one which is either occupied or available for the provision of aged care to an approved care recipient. The number of operational residential aged care places has increased continually since 1995, to reach almost 183,000 at 30 June 2010, a 3% increase on the previous year (Table 2.1). The increase in provision of places is intended to correspond to the future needs of an ageing population.
Residential places provided by MPSs and services funded under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program are included in the residential aged care totals in Table 2.1. At 30 June 2010 there were 129 MPSs across Australia, providing 2,707 residential care places. This was a slight increase from 30 June 2009, when there were 126 MPSs providing 2,671 places. There were 29 services funded under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program at 30 June 2010, delivering 394 residential care places, the same provision level as the previous year.
The number of operational community aged care places also increased between 2009 and 2010 (Table 2.1). CACP increased by 6% (from 40,859 to 43,300 places), EACH and EACHD combined increased by 25% (from 6,514 to 8,167 places) and TCP increased by 21% (from 2,228 to 2,698 places).
Table 2.1: Number of operational residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD
and TCP places, 30 June 1995 to 30 June 2010
Year	Residential
aged care(a)	CACP	EACH and
EACHD	TCP	Total	
1995	134,810	2,542	. .	. .	137,352	
1996	136,851	4,431	. .	. .	141,282	
1997	139,058	6,124	. .	. .	145,182	
1998	139,917	10,046	. .	. .	149,963	
1999	141,697	13,896	. .	. .	155,593	
2000	142,342	18,308	. .	. .	160,650	
2001	144,013	24,629	. .	. .	168,642	
2002	146,268	26,425	. .	. .	172,693	
2003	151,181	27,881	255	. .	179,062	
2004	156,580	29,063	860	. .	186,503	
2005	161,765	30,973	1,673	. .	194,411	
2006	166,291	35,383	3,181	595	205,450	
2007	170,071	37,997	4,573	1,609	214,250	
2008	175,472	40,280	6,240	1,963	223,955	
2009	178,290	40,859	6,514	2,228	227,891	
2010	182,850	43,300	8,167	2,698	237,015	
(a)	From 1999 the data in this table include places provided by MPSs, and those funded under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program. Non-residential flexible care packages are counted under CACP.
. .	Not applicable.
2.3	How are places distributed nationally?
Distribution of population aged 70 years and over across Australia
The provision of places for residential aged care is targeted to people aged 70 years and over. Consequently, knowing the geographic areas where older people reside is important. Through the planning and allocation processes the Australian Government aims to distribute aged care services in an equitable way according to this criterion.
At 30 June 2010, there were 2.1 million Australians aged 70 years and over. The majority of people of this age lived in Major cities (66%), with most of the remainder living in Inner regional (23%) and Outer regional (10%) areas (see Box 2.2). Only 1% resided in Remote areas and 0.3% in Very remote areas (Table 2.2).

Box 2.2: How is remoteness defined?
The term ‘remoteness’, as used in this publication, refers to a classification defined by the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) (ABS 2010b). The ASGC uses measures of access and distance to services offered in urban areas to determine classifications of Australian remoteness. These classifications are:
	Major cities
	Inner regional
	Outer regional
	Remote
	Very remote
Tasmania has no areas classified as Major cities, as Hobart is classified as Inner regional. Similarly, the Australian Capital Territory has no areas classified as Outer regional, Remote, or Very remote areas. In addition, Remote and Very remote areas, and states and territories such as the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory, have low population numbers. Therefore, comparisons of proportions and interpretation of data between these and other, more highly populated, locations must be undertaken with caution.

Table 2.2: Distribution of population aged 70 years and over by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	All areas	
	Number (’000)	
NSW	483.1	173.9	56.9	3.2	0.3	717.4	
Vic	382.4	120.9	33.9	0.7	. .	537.9	
Qld	230.7	98.6	50.6	5.8	2.9	388.6	
WA	137.1	30.2	18.0	4.7	1.7	191.7	
SA	134.0	22.9	22.2	4.9	0.9	185.0	
Tas	. .	35.7	18.1	0.7	0.3	54.9	
ACT	25.1	. .	. .	. .	. .	25.1	
NT	. .	. .	4.4	1.4	1.0	6.8	
Australia	1,392.4	482.2	204.1	21.5	7.1	2,107.4	
	Per cent (by column)	
NSW	34.7	36.1	27.9	14.9	4.2	34.0	
Vic	27.5	25.1	16.6	3.3	. .	25.5	
Qld	16.6	20.4	24.8	27.0	40.8	18.4	
WA	9.8	6.3	8.8	21.9	23.9	9.1	
SA	9.6	4.7	10.9	22.8	12.7	8.8	
Tas	. .	7.4	8.9	3.3	4.2	2.6	
ACT	1.8	. .	. .	. .	. .	1.2	
NT			2.2	6.5	14.1	0.3	
Australia	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
	Per cent (by row)	
NSW	67.3	24.2	7.9	0.4	0.0	100.0	
Vic	71.1	22.5	6.3	0.1	. .	100.0	
Qld	59.4	25.4	13.0	1.5	0.7	100.0	
WA	71.5	15.8	9.4	2.5	0.9	100.0	
SA	72.4	12.4	12.0	2.6	0.5	100.0	
Tas	. .	65.0	33.0	1.3	0.5	100.0	
ACT	100.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	100.0	
NT	. .	. .	64.7	20.6	14.7	100.0	
Australia	66.1	22.9	9.7	1.0	0.3	100.0	
. .	Not applicable.
Note: The remoteness classification used in this report is based on the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (ABS 2010b). This categorises all Census Collection Districts (CDs) in Australia according to their remoteness, based on physical road distance to the nearest urban centre. Remoteness is measured by the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) (ABS 2010b).
Source: SCRGSP 2011, Table 13A.2.
Distribution of places
The distribution of total aged care places among the states and territories and across remoteness areas broadly reflects the distribution of the target population (tables 2.3 and 
2.4). Around one-third of places are located in New South Wales, with a further quarter in Victoria (Table 2.3). Less than 1% of places are located in the Northern Territory. In terms of remoteness, around two-thirds of places are in Major cities with most of the remainder located in Inner regional or Outer regional areas (Table 2.4). Very few EACH places and no EACHD or TCP places are located in Very remote areas, reflecting the difficulty in delivering specialised services in these locations.
Table 2.3: Residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP places, by state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
State/territory	Residential	CACP	EACH	EACHD	TCP	Total places
(Number)	Total places
(Per cent)	
NSW	62,740	14,294	1,723	792	934	80,483	34.0	
Vic	47,283	10,665	1,363	569	674	60,554	25.5	
Qld	32,943	7,989	982	533	480	42,927	18.1	
WA	15,522	4,233	719	321	227	21,022	8.9	
SA	17,090	3,624	399	194	231	21,538	9.1	
Tas	4,633	1,163	152	86	82	6,116	2.6	
ACT	2,019	623	146	50	41	2,879	1.2	
NT	620	709	100	38	29	1,496	0.6	
Australia	182,850	43,300	5,584	2,583	2,698	237,015	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.
Note: These figures include places provided by MPSs, and places funded under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 
Flexible Aged Care Program for residential aged care and community aged care packages.
Table 2.4: Residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP places, by remoteness(a),
30 June 2010
Remoteness	Residential	CACP	EACH	EACHD	TCP	Total places
(Number)	Total places
(Per cent)	
Major cities	123,850	28,892	3,631	1,758	1,817	159,948	67.5	
Inner regional	40,762	9,412	1,415	585	669	52,843	22.3	
Outer regional	15,818	3,577	471	222	200	20,288	8.6	
Remote	1,684	753	58	18	12	2,525	1.1	
Very remote	736	666	9	0	0	1,411	0.6	
All regions	182,850	43,300	5,584	2,583	2,698	237,015	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure as developed by the ABS.
Note: These figures include places provided by MPSs, and places funded under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 
Flexible Aged Care Program for residential aged care and community aged care packages.
Further information on the provision of CACP, EACH and EACHD for 2009–10, and TCP for 2008–09, is published in two separate reports in this series (AIHW 2011a,c). Detailed information about CACP and EACH recipients and the type of assistance they receive was collected in 2002 through the Community Aged Care Packages Census (AIHW 2004). An updated Community Care Census was conducted early in 2008, and the results have been published by the Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA 2010d).
2.4	Aged care provision ratios
As described in Section 2.1, a planning and allocation process is undertaken annually to determine the geographic distribution and types of aged care places to be made available. The process aims to maintain a national target level of operational places across the programs administered under the Aged Care Act 1997. The current national target ratio for aged care provision is 113 aged care places per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over, consisting of 88 residential aged care places and 25 community care places, to be achieved by June 2011. This target ratio does not include TCP places (see Box 2.3).
Box 2.3: National target ratio and provision ratio
What is the Australian Government target ratio?
In 2007, the target ratio was lifted from 108 to 113 places per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over. This target was expected to be achieved by 30 June 2011.
Of those 113 places:
•	88 are for residential aged care
	–	44 for high-care places
	–	44 for low-care places
•	25 are for community care places
	–	4 for high-care (EACH and EACHD)
	–	21 for low-care (CACPs).
What does the provision ratio measure?
The provision ratio compares the amount of places available to a specific population at a point in time, usually a 30 June date. Currently, aged care planning calculates the number of places available per 1,000 people aged 70 years and over. Under these circumstances, if a provision ratio is 10, it would mean that there are 10 places available for every 1,000 people 70 years and over. In 2010, the target for high-level community care was increased from 4 to 5 places, while the target for high-level residential care was temporarily adjusted to 43 places per thousand people aged 70 or over. This was to ensure that the overall target ratio is achieved in 2011, together with the balance of 48 high-care and 65 low-care places.
National provision ratios in 2010
The provision ratio for residential places was 86.8. This figure is slightly down compared to the previous year because of growth in the population aged 70 years and over, and limited capacity of providers to develop new places in the designated areas of need.
The overall provision ratio at 30 June 2010 was 111.2 per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over (Table 2.5). Provision ratios are calculated for residential aged care, CACP, and EACH and EACHD combined, and take account of places provided through MPSs and places funded under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program. The overall totals are also reported.
Provision ratios for community care at 30 June 2010 were close to the national targets, at 20.5 for CACP (low-care) and 3.9 for EACH and EACHD combined (high-care). More detailed information about the provision of community care places is published in Aged care packages in the community 2009–10: a statistical overview (AIHW 2011a).
Table 2.5: Aged care places per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over,
30 June 1995 to 30 June 2010
Year	Residential	CACP	EACH and
EACHD	Total(a)	
1995	92.2	1.7	. .	93.9	
1996	90.6	2.9	. .	93.5	
1997	89.2	3.9	. .	93.1	
1998	87.1	6.3	. .	93.3	
1999	85.6	8.4	. .	94.0	
2000	83.6	10.8	. .	94.4	
2001	82.2	14.0	. .	96.2	
2002	81.9	14.8	. .	96.7	
2003	83.3	15.4	0.1	98.8	
2004	85.0	15.8	0.5	101.2	
2005	86.3	16.5	0.9	103.7	
2006	87.0	18.5	1.7	107.2	
2007	86.9	19.4	2.3	108.6	
2008	87.7	20.1	3.1	110.9	
2009	87.0	19.9	3.2	110.1	
2010	86.8	20.5	3.9	111.2	
(a)	The ratios are based on ABS population estimates released in December 2010 (ABS 2010a). 
Total provision may vary from the sum of the component parts because of rounding.
. .	Not applicable.
Note: These figures include places provided by MPSs and places funded under the
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program.
Geographic variation in provision ratios
There is some variation in provision ratios among the states and territories (Table 2.6). South Australia had the highest residential aged care provision ratio (92.4 places per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over), followed by the Northern Territory (91.2). The lowest provision ratios for residential aged care were in the Australian Capital Territory (80.4) and Western Australia (81.0). 
The combined ratio of all aged care places per 1,000 people aged 70 years and over was much higher in the Northern Territory than in any of the other jurisdictions. This partly relates to the provision of community care places in remote and Indigenous communities. Combined provision ratios in the other jurisdictions were close to the national average of 112.5.
Greater variation in provision ratios is apparent across remoteness areas nationally and among the states and territories (Table A1.9). For example, at the national level the residential care ratio varied from 77.5 in Outer regional areas to 103.7 in Very remote areas, but the ratio in Very remote areas varied from 30.0 in New South Wales to 166.7 in South Australia. Again, some of this variation is accounted for by the need for providing certain services in remote and Indigenous communities in some states and territories.
Access for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Health conditions related to ageing often affect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people earlier than other Australians. Therefore, Indigenous Australians often access aged care programs at a younger age compared to non-Indigenous Australians. As mentioned previously, the provision ratio is based on a comparison of the number of places available to the number of Australians aged 70 years and over. However, due to their increased need at younger age levels, planning for aged care services also includes consideration of the Indigenous population aged 50–69 years.
The Northern Territory has a much higher proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people than other states or territories: 39% of all residents in care compared with 2% in Western Australia and less than 1% in the other jurisdictions. If the calculation of provision ratios includes Indigenous Australians aged 50–69 years, then the residential care provision ratio in the Northern Territory falls from 91.2 to 44.3, and the national ratio falls from 86.8 to 84.3 (Table 2.6). Similarly, the combined ratio in the Northern Territory reduces from 220.0 to 106.8, and the ratio for Australia reduces from 112.5 to 109.3. This effect is taken into account in Australian Government planning for adequate service provision.
Table 2.6: Aged care places per 1,000 persons, by state/territory, 30 June 2010
	Residential places	Combined places(a)	
State/territory	

Total (70+ years)	Total (70+ and Indigenous population aged 50–69 years)	

Total (70+ years)	Total (70+ and Indigenous population aged 
50–69 years)	
NSW	87.5	85.2	112.2	109.3	
Vic	87.9	87.2	112.6	111.7	
Qld	84.8	81.3	110.5	105.9	
WA	81.0	77.6	109.7	105.1	
SA	92.4	90.8	116.4	114.4	
Tas	84.4	82.5	111.4	108.9	
ACT	80.4	79.7	113.9	112.9	
NT	91.2	44.3	220.0	106.8	
Australia	86.8	84.3	112.5	109.3	
(a)	Comprises residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and Transition Care places.
Notes
1. 	These figures include places provided by MPS’s and places funded under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander Flexible Aged Care Program.
2. 	The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population aged 50–69 years uses ABS projections (ABS 2009).
2.5	Residential aged care facilities
Data presented in this section and all further sections exclude places provided by MPSs and places provided under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program. There were 3,101 such places at 30 June 2010.
Number of facilities
At 30 June 2010 there were 2,772 facilities providing residential aged care places. This was a decrease of 10 facilities from the previous year (2,783 facilities).
Location of facilities
The location of residential aged care facilities across Australia is designed to match the population distribution of people aged 70 years and over (Figure 2.2).
Most facilities were located in Major cities (61%), a quarter of facilities (25%) were located in Inner regional areas and 12% of facilities were located in Outer regional areas. Remote and Very remote areas had a small number of facilities (2% in total).
Under the Australian Standard Geographical Classification for remoteness (ABS 2010b), Hobart and Darwin are classified as Inner regional and Outer regional areas, respectively. Tasmania thus had the majority of its facilities in Inner regional areas (59%). In contrast, the Northern Territory had more facilities in Remote and Very Remote areas (64%) than in Outer regional areas (36%) (Figure 2.2).
Figure 2.2: Distribution of residential aged care facilities by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010
Vertical bar chart showing, for remoteness, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis state/territory.
Source: Table A1.2.
Number of places per facility
Compared with the previous year, there were an increased number of operational residential care places at 30 June 2010 (179,749 compared with 175,225 at 30 June 2009). Combined with the reduced number of facilities, this resulted in a higher number of places on average per facility compared with 2009.
This continues a trend resulting from a noticeable change in service structure over the last decade. At 30 June 2005 there were 2,929 facilities providing residential aged care, reducing steadily to 2,772 at 30 June 2010 (Table A1.3). The amalgamation of services and the need to achieve economies of scale help to explain this trend.
In 2005, 9% of services (258 facilities) had between 1 and 20 places. This had reduced to 7% (189 facilities) by 2010. The proportion of facilities with more than 60 places increased from 26% (763) in 2005 to 34% (940) in 2010 (Figure 2.3). 

Figure 2.3: Change in the size of aged care facilities, 2005–2010
Vertical bar chart showing, for 61+ places, 21-60 places and 1-20 places, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis year.
Source: Table A1.3.
Geographic variation in size of facilities
The distribution of facility sizes among the states and territories varied most widely between the smaller jurisdictions (Figure 2.4). Two-thirds of facilities in the Australian Capital Territory had more than 60 places, compared with one-fifth of facilities in Tasmania and around 1 in 7 facilities in the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory had the greatest proportion of small facilities, with half of all facilities in that territory having 20 places or less.
As could be expected, large aged care facilities were more common in Major cities, with 42% having more than 60 places (Figure 2.4). However, in the Remote areas almost all aged care facilities had 40 places or less (86%). There were no aged care facilities with over 60 places in Very remote areas.
Figure 2.4: Size of residential aged care facilities by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Two vertical bar charts showing, for 61+ places, , 21-60 places and 1-20 places, on the y-axes per cent and for the first chart on the x-axis state/territory, and for the second chart on the x-axis remoteness.
Sources: Tables A1.4 and A1.5.
Who provides residential aged care services?
Residential aged care services in Australia are delivered by providers across a range of sectors. These include private, government (local and state government), and not-for-profit (comprising religious, community-based, and charitable) providers.
Not-for-profit and private organisations were the main providers of residential aged care services nationally, with 60% and 29% of facilities, respectively (Figure 2.5). However, the distribution varied markedly among the states and territories. Private ownership of facilities was highest in Victoria (39%); this state also had the lowest proportion of not–for-profit facilities (36%) and the highest proportion of government-owned facilities (25%).
Not-for-profit services dominated in the smaller jurisdictions, accounting for 79% of facilities in Tasmania, 85% in the Australian Capital Territory and all facilities in the Northern Territory. Religious organisations were the most common not-for-profit owners in all jurisdictions except Victoria (Table A1.6).
Ownership of services also varied across remoteness areas, with the main difference being the split between private and government ownership (Figure 2.5). Only 1 facility in Very remote areas and no facilities in Remote areas were privately owned, compared with 40% of facilities in Major cities. By contrast, only 4% of services in Major cities were government-owned compared with 36% in Remote areas and 23% in Very remote areas. Very remote areas had the highest proportion of services provided by not-for-profit organisations (73%).
Figure 2.5: Providers of services by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010
Two vertical bar charts showing, for private, government and not for profit, on the y-axes per cent and for the first chart on the x-axis state/territory, and for the second chart on the x-axis remoteness.
Sources: Tables A1.6 and A1.7.
2.6 	Extra Service places
Extra Service is designed to include a higher standard of accommodation, services and food for residents in aged care (DoHA 2010c). These options include higher quality personal accommodation and furnishings, a greater choice of recreational and communal space, and a wider range of food and meal options (DoHA 2009d).
Extra Service does not involve the provision of a higher level of care to meet a resident’s assessed care needs Aged care facilities are only approved to offer Extra Service if the quality of these extras is significantly higher than average.
Up to 15% of places in each state or territory may be approved as Extra Service (DoHA 2004). Extra Service attracts a reduced residential care subsidy from the Australian Government, and residents may also be charged an accommodation bond for both high-care and low-care places.
A total of 315 residential aged care facilities (11%) provided Extra Service places at 30 June 2010. (Table 2.7).
Table 2.7: Number of facilities with Extra Service places, 30 June 2010
Residential care facilities	Number	
All residential care facilities	2,772	
Facilities providing Extra Service places	315	
Facilities with Extra Service status were concentrated in Major cities (84%) and Inner regional areas (13%). There were no Extra Service-approved facilities in the Northern Territory, or in Remote areas outside of South Australia.
Approved facilities offered 13,551 Extra Service places across Australia, accounting for 8% of all operational places in mainstream services. Most of these (12,162 or 90%) were high-care places. Around one-third of all Extra Service places (31%) were located in Victoria and a further third (31%) in New South Wales (Table A1.8).
A small proportion of Extra Services places were located in Inner and Outer regional areas (13% and 3% respectively). Tasmania and Western Australia had the highest proportions of their extra service places in Outer regional areas (14% and 6%, respectively) (Figure 2.6).
Figure 2.6: Extra Service places by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010 
(per cent)
Vertical bar chart showing, for remoteness, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis state/territory.
Sources: Table A1.8.

2.7	Spending on residential aged care
Australian Government expenditure
Aged care services expenditure continues to be a significant area of government spending. In 2009–10, the total Australian, state and territory government expenditure on aged care services was around $11.0 billion. The majority of all government expenditure on aged care services is spent on residential aged care services (66%) (SCRGSP 2011).
Most government expenditure on residential aged care services in 2009–10 was accounted for by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (83% of the total). The Australian Government Department of Veteran’s Affairs provided a further 15% of the total, with state and territory governments providing the remainder (SCRGSP 2011).
Expenditure data in this section are broad estimations of expenditure relating to residential aged care services. Small discrepancies between the figures provided here and those published in the Report on government services 2010 (SCRGSP 2011) are due to differences in the date the ACCMIS data warehouse was accessed.
Australian Government recurrent expenditure on residential aged care services was estimated to be $7.1 billion in 2009–10 (Table 2.8). This does not include any funding or subsidies paid by state or territory governments.
More than two-thirds of all recurrent expenditure on residential aged care (69%) was spent in Major cities ($4.9 billion). Expenditure in Very remote areas was just over $14.0 million (0.2% of the total). In terms of the 70 plus population distribution the proportion of funding for Major cities is higher than corresponding proportion of the population aged 70 plus and funding to Outer regional and Remote is lower than corresponding proportion of the population aged 70 plus (tables 2.2 and 2.8 and figure 2.7).
Table 2.8: Estimated recurrent Australian Government expenditure on residential aged care, by state/territory and remoteness area(a), 2009–10 ($ million)
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
NSW	1,725.6	574.6	139.3	3.7	. .	2,443.1	
Vic	1,318.8	396.3	89.6	1.9	0.0	1,806.6	
Qld	771.0	301.5	154.5	9.7	5.4	1,242.2	
WA	464.9	77.6	40.7	8.0	5.2	596.5	
SA	584.4	78.8	67.0	7.7	0.0	737.9	
Tas	. .	133.9	41.8	2.3	0.8	178.8	
ACT	69.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	69.0	
NT	. .	. .	10.7	7.2	2.7	20.5	
Australia	4,933.6	1,562.7	543.6	40.5	14.1	7,094.6	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
The distribution of expenditure across the states and territories and remoteness areas was broadly in line with the distribution of target population (those aged 70 years and over) (Figure 2.7).
Figure 2.7: Distribution of recurrent expenditure on residential aged care 2009–10, and distribution of population aged 70 years and over, by state/territory and remoteness
Two vertical bar charts showing, for population and recurrent expenditure, on the y-axes per cent and for the first chart on the x-axis state/territory, and for the second chart, on the x-axis remoteness.
Sources: Tables 2.2 and 2.8.
Recurrent expenditure per person aged 70 years and over
Australian Government recurrent expenditure on residential aged care per person aged 70 years or over in 2009–10 was highest in South Australia ($3,988) and lowest in the Australian Capital Territory ($2,749) (Table 2.9). This varied more widely across remoteness areas both nationally and within and between jurisdictions. For example, estimated expenditure per person in Remote New South Wales was around $1,200, compared with over $5,000 in Remote Northern Territory. Some of this variation may be the result of expenditure on services for Indigenous Australians aged 50–69 years.
Table 2.9: Estimated recurrent Australian Government expenditure on residential aged care per person aged 70 years and over(a), by state/territory and remoteness, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 ($)
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
NSW	3,572	3,304	2,448	1,156	0	3,406	
Vic	3,449	3,278	2,642	2,763	. .	3,359	
Qld	3,342	3,058	3,053	1,678	1,873	3,197	
WA	3,391	2,570	2,262	1,713	3,075	3,112	
SA	4,361	3,439	3,019	1,562	0.0	3,988	
Tas	. .	3,750	2,310	3,300	2,704	3,257	
ACT	2,749	0	. .	. .	. .	2,749	
NT	. .	. .	2,437	5,112	2,652	3,020	
Australia	3,543	3,241	2,663	1,885	1,989	3,367	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure as developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.
Recurrent expenditure per occupied place-day
The estimated Australian Government expenditure was $118 per occupied place-day during 2009–10 (Table 2.10). This level varied somewhat among the jurisdictions and across remoteness areas, peaking at $163 in Very remote Northern Territory.

Table 2.10: Australian Government recurrent expenditure per occupied place-day, by state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 ($)
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
NSW	121	115	111	108	0	119	
Vic	119	110	109	123	. .	117	
Qld	114	117	118	110	130	116	
WA	120	116	119	115	151	119	
SA	131	121	120	121	0	128	
Tas	. .	116	114	100	115	116	
ACT	107	0	. .	. .	. .	107	
NT	. .	. .	125	133	163	132	
Australia	120	114	115	116	142	118	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.
Sources: Tables 2.8 and 4.10.
Accommodation bonds
The Australian Government provided around 70% of the funding for residential aged care in 2009–10 (DoHA 2010c). Co-contributions from residents for care payments and accommodation costs were the main additional structured source for cash flows to cover operating costs. Additional support for the sector comes in via bequests and voluntary work and from local, state and territory governments and other places. In particular, approved providers make a de facto contribution in years where they run an operating loss in facilities.
Accommodation bonds (see Box 2.4) are an additional source of income for aged care facilities. These funds are used to improve the facilities available to residents.

Box 2.4: Accommodation bonds
What is an accommodation bond?
An accommodation bond is a payment permanent residents may be asked to pay when they enter low-level residential care, or are admitted to an Extra Service place (with low- or high-care status) (DoHA 2011). If residents cannot afford to pay an accommodation bond, then they are not asked to pay (DoHA 2010c).
How much bond does a resident pay?
There is no fixed bond amount to pay. The bond amount is negotiated between an approved provider and a resident (DoHA 2009e). The maximum bond a resident can be asked to pay depends on the level of a resident’s assets when they entered the facility as a permanent resident (DoHA 2010c). Residents have the option of paying an accommodation bond as a lump sum, a regular periodic payment, or a combination of both (DoHA 2009e).
What is the accommodation bond used for?
The residential aged care facility is able to deduct monthly amounts, called retention amounts, from the bond for up to five years (DoHA 2011). There is a maximum retention amount, and the balance of the bond is refunded to the resident when they leave the home. Providers must use the income from accommodation bonds and retention amounts to undertake capital works and improve the quality and range of aged care services (DoHA 2010c). Providers can also keep any interest earned from accommodation bonds (DoHA 2009e).
Bond payments received from contributing residents
Between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, aged care providers received over $4.5 billion in accommodation bonds from around 16,900 permanent residents admitted during this period (30% of all newly admitted residents) (tables 2.11 and 2.12). Of these, just under 71% were female. The average bond was around $264,300.
Just over one-third of permanent residents who paid a bond were aged 85–89 years (35%), and each paid an average of around $267,600. The next largest group of bond contributors were those aged 80–84 years (24%); their average bond was just under $267,500.
Residents contributing to bonds in Major cities paid a higher amount on average than those in other areas. Contributing residents in Remote areas paid the lowest amount on average at around $127,000 (Table 2.13).

Table 2.11: Total value of bonds received from permanent aged care residents admitted between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by state/territory and remoteness(a), ($ million)
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
NSW	1,196.0	282.9	49.7	0.7	0.0	1,529.2	
Vic	1,098.2	207.5	33.8	0.2	. .	1,339.6	
Qld	547.9	119.9	48.9	1.7	0.4	718.8	
WA	363.0	40.2	15.9	0.1	0.0	419.3	
SA	243.8	30.0	11.6	0.8	0.0	286.1	
Tas	. .	52.7	17.0	0.3	0.3	70.1	
ACT	98.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	98.0	
NT	. .	. .	1.5	0.1	0.0	1.6	
Australia	3,546.8	733.1	178.4	3.8	0.7	4,462.8	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.
Table 2.12: Average bond size, by age and sex (bond-contributing residents), 1 July 2009
to 30 June 2010 
	Females	Males	Persons	
Age group (years)	Number	Average bond size ($)	Number	Average bond size ($)	Number	Average bond size ($)	
under 65	100	274,947	77	251,845	177	264,897	
65–69 	143	276,849	112	247,186	255	263,820	
70–74 	423	258,310	240	248,969	663	254,928	
75–79 	1,125	255,882	556	249,520	1,681	253,778	
80–84 	2,860	268,535	1,204	264,978	4,064	267,481	
85–89 	4,213	268,049	1,635	266,466	5,848	267,606	
90–94 	2,431	261,281	873	260,221	3,304	261,001	
95+ 	673	269,239	221	259,851	894	266,918	
All ages	11,968	265,532	4,918	261,258	16,886	264,287	
Note: Permanent residents (and their bond contributions), with a transfer admission in the year, are excluded in these calculations.
Table 2.13: Average bond size, by remoteness(a) (bond-contributing residents), 1 July 2009 to 
30 June 2010
	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
Number of bonds paid	12,334	3,560	957	30	5	16,886	
Average bond ($)	287,559	205,912	186,433	127,383	142,301	264,287	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS. 
(b)	Permanent residents (and their bond contributions), with a transfer admission in the year, are excluded in these calculations.
3	Resident characteristics
This chapter describes the demographic characteristics of permanent and respite residents as at 30 June 2010. Information on residents’ pension status and financial support status is also included. In addition, some data are presented about hospital leave taken during the year to 30 June 2010 and characteristics of residents newly admitted in 2009–10. 
At 30 June 2010, there were 166,370 residents in mainstream residential aged care services. This was an increase of 2.5% over the previous year. Just under 162,600 residents were in permanent care (98%), and 3,373 were in respite care (2%). Note that the 30 June figures under-represent the importance of respite care, due to the short-term nature of this type of care. The total number of people accessing residential respite care over a year will be much greater than this amount.
3.1	Age and sex
Figure 3.1: All residents by age and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Vertical bar chart showing, for females and males, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis age group (years).
Source: Table A2.1.
Seventy per cent of residents on 30 June 2010 were female (Table A2.1). Of all female residents, 62% were aged 85 years and over, compared with 42% of their male counterparts. This can be attributed to the greater proportion of females among older age groups in the general population.
The largest 5 year age grouping of residents were those aged 85–89 years, accounting for 28% of the total (Figure 3.1). Four per cent of residents were under 65 years of age. Male residents generally had a younger age profile than female residents.
Fifty-six per cent of permanent residents were aged 85 years and over. This proportion has gradually increased since 2000, when 50% of residents were in this age group (see Table 6.1). Respite residents at 30 June 2010 had a younger age profile than permanent residents, with less than half (47%) being aged 85 years and over (Table A2.1).
3.2	Geographical location
State and territory
The distribution of residents across the states and territories closely reflected the distribution of the population aged 70 years and over (see Table 2.2), with just over one-third of residents being in New South Wales and around 0.3% in the Northern Territory.
The age-sex distribution of residents was similar across most jurisdictions, however the Northern Territory had a noticeably younger age profile, with 14% of residents aged under 65 years—more than three times higher than the national average of 4% (Table A2.2). Consequently, there was a lower proportion of older residents in the Northern Territory compared with the national average: 30% compared with 56% aged 85 years and over, and 11% compared with 28% aged 90 years and over.
Remoteness
The distribution of residents among remoteness areas was also similar to the distribution of the population aged 70 years and over (see Table 2.2). Over two-thirds of residents were in Major cities whereas just 0.2% were in Very remote areas.
Residents using services in Remote and Very remote areas had a younger age profile than residents living in other areas (Table A2.3). Ten per cent of residents in Remote areas and 20% of those in Very remote areas were aged under 65 years, compared with around 4% of those in the other areas.
3.3	Marital status
Almost all residents at 30 June 2010 had their marital status recorded at admission. Two-thirds (65%) of permanent female residents reported being widowed compared with just over a quarter (26%) of their male counterparts. Given that married females often outlive their male spouses, they are more likely to lack support at home as they age, and may then need to be admitted to residential aged care. A smaller proportion of female permanent residents were married or in a de facto relationship (20%) compared with their male counterparts (43%) (Figure 3.2a).
Similarly, among respite residents a much higher proportion of females were widowed—almost two-thirds, compared with one-quarter of males (Figure 3.2b).
The distribution of marital status among females was similar for permanent and respite residents, but for males there was some variation. Male permanent residents were almost twice as likely as male respite residents to be single (15% compared with 8%) and were substantially less likely to be married or in a de facto relationship (43% compared with 57%).
The distribution of marital status was similar across most of the states and territories, however the Northern Territory had lower proportions of permanent and respite residents who were in a married or de facto relationship (18% and 23%, respectively) compared with the national averages (27% and 36%, respectively) (tables A2.5 and A2.6). Higher proportions of residents in the Northern Territory were single or separated compared with the other jurisdictions.
Figure 3.2a:Permanent residents by marital status and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Two pie charts showing, for females and males, marital status for permanent residents, 30 June 2010 (per cent).
Source: Table A2.4.
Figure 3.2b: Respite residents by marital status and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Two pie charts showing, for females and males, marital status for respite residents, 30 June 2010 (per cent).
Source: Table A2.4
3.4	Indigenous status
Of the 162,597 permanent aged care residents at 30 June 2010, 0.7% (1,071 residents) identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (Table 3.1). A slightly higher proportion of respite residents (1.3%) at 30 June 2010 identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. Male residents were slightly more likely than female residents to identify as Indigenous.
The Northern Territory had the highest proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people among its permanent residents (37%). Among respite residents, 58% of those in the Northern Territory identified as Indigenous, compared with the national average of 1.3% (tables A2.7 and A2.8). However, the number of respite residents in the Northern Territory at 30 June 2010 was considerably lower than in most other jurisdictions, so this comparison should be made with caution.
The highest numbers of Indigenous permanent residents were in Queensland (275 persons) and Western Australia (269 persons).
Table 3.1: Permanent and respite residents by Indigenous status and sex, 
30 June 2010
	Permanent	Respite	
Indigenous status	Number	Per cent	Number	Per cent	
Females	
Indigenous	638	0.6	28	1.2	
Non-Indigenous	112,453	98.1	2,343	98.8	
Unknown	1,535	1.3	0	0.0	
Total females	114,626	100.0	2,371	100.0	
Males	
Indigenous	433	0.9	21	1.5	
Non-Indigenous	46,957	97.9	1,381	98.5	
Unknown	581	1.2	0	0.0	
Total males	47,971	100.0	1,402	100.0	
Persons	
Indigenous	1,071	0.7	49	1.3	
Non-Indigenous	159,410	98.0	3,724	98.7	
Unknown	2,116	1.3	0	0.0	
Total persons	162,597	100.0	3,773	100.0	
3.5	Country of birth
Country of birth was recorded for almost all residents in residential aged care at 30 June 2010. Over a quarter (28%) of permanent residents and 30% of respite residents reported being born overseas (Table 3.2). The most common overseas place of birth for permanent and respite residents was the United Kingdom or Ireland. Western Australia had the greatest proportion of residents born overseas, with residents in this state being almost twice as likely to be from the United Kingdom or Ireland as the national average.
Among residents born outside of the main English-speaking countries, the most common region of birth was South Eastern and Eastern Europe. Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory had the greatest proportions of respite residents from this region.
Table 3.2: Permanent and respite residents, birthplace(a) by state/territory, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Birthplace	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Permanent residents	
Australia 	73.4	69.0	78.5	61.0	69.0	83.9	65.5	76.9	71.9	
Other Oceania/New Zealand/
Antarctica 	1.1	0.6	2.0	0.8	0.4	0.6	1.4	1.0	1.0	
UK and Ireland	8.2	9.1	9.7	19.3	14.6	8.7	14.8	6.3	10.3	
Northern/Western Europe	2.5	3.4	2.9	3.5	3.7	2.5	5.2	4.9	3.0	
Southern Europe	3.1	5.3	1.7	4.4	3.8	0.5	1.9	1.9	3.5	
South Eastern & Eastern Europe	5.6	7.5	2.4	4.2	6.1	2.0	6.8	2.7	5.4	
North Africa/Middle East	1.2	0.9	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.8	
Sub-Saharan Africa/South Africa	0.5	0.6	0.4	1.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.5	
Southeast Asia	0.9	0.9	0.5	1.9	0.4	0.2	0.9	2.9	0.9	
Northeast Asia	1.6	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.5	1.2	0.9	
Southern Asia/Central Asia	0.7	1.1	0.4	1.8	0.5	0.2	1.0	1.0	0.8	
North America	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.3	
Other America/Caribbean	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.2	
Not stated/Not classified	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.0	0.4	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	55,659	42,100	29,427	13,632	15,415	4,193	1,760	411	162,597	
(continued)

Table 3.2 (continued): Permanent and respite residents, birthplace(a) by state/territory, 30 June 2010 (per cent) 
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Respite residents	
Australia 	70.3	68.4	75.5	57.7	68.8	81.3	64.7	84.6	69.8	
Other Oceania/New Zealand/
Antarctica	1.6	0.4	3.0	0.5	0.3	1.6	0.0	0.0	1.3	
UK and Ireland	9.5	9.2	9.9	21.2	13.1	9.4	7.8	11.5	10.5	
Northern/Western Europe	2.1	2.6	3.2	2.3	3.5	3.1	3.9	3.8	2.6	
Southern Europe	3.5	8.0	2.2	3.6	7.7	1.6	5.9	0.0	4.8	
South Eastern & Eastern Europe	6.4	7.3	2.6	7.2	5.6	3.1	9.8	0.0	6.0	
North Africa/Middle East	1.6	0.8	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.0	2.0	0.0	1.0	
Sub-Saharan Africa/South Africa	0.5	0.3	1.0	1.4	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	
Southeast Asia	1.3	0.9	0.8	1.8	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	
Northeast Asia	1.7	0.6	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9	
Southern Asia/Central Asia	0.6	1.6	0.6	3.6	0.3	0.0	2.0	0.0	1.0	
North America	0.4	0.0	0.4	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	
Other America/Caribbean	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.0	0.2	
Not stated/Not classified	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.0	0.2	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	1,649	892	494	222	375	64	51	26	3,773	
(a)	This table uses Australian standard classification of countries (ABS 2008).
3.6	Preferred languages
Preferred language was also recorded for almost all residents at admission. English was the preferred language for the majority of residents in aged care at 30 June 2010 (90% for permanent, 89% for respite) (Table 3.3). Corresponding to the countries of birth, the most common other preferred languages were those from Southern and Eastern Europe. Australian Indigenous languages were preferred by a substantial proportion of residents in the Northern Territory (25% of permanent residents and 42% of respite residents).

Table 3.3: Permanent and respite residents, preferred language(a) by state/territory, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Preferred language	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Permanent residents	
Australian Indigenous	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	25.1	0.2	
English	89.2	87.1	96.5	90.4	89.8	97.6	91.0	66.4	90.3	
Other Northern European	0.9	1.1	0.6	1.0	1.6	0.8	1.6	1.0	1.0	
Southern European	4.3	6.5	1.4	4.1	4.7	0.5	2.4	2.4	4.2	
Eastern European	2.8	3.5	0.9	2.2	3.0	0.9	3.9	1.5	2.6	
Southwest Asian/North African	0.6	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.3	
Southern Asian	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.1	
Southeast Asian	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.3	
Eastern Asian	1.4	0.8	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.3	1.7	0.8	
African (excluding North African)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Other	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.1	
Not stated	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.1	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	55,659	42,100	29,427	13,632	15,415	4,193	1,760	411	162,597	
	Respite residents	
Australian Indigenous	0.1	0.1	0.0	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	42.3	0.5	
English	88.5	88.0	96.0	89.2	87.2	95.3	88.2	57.7	89.2	
Other Northern European	0.4	0.1	0.6	0.5	1.6	3.1	0.0	0.0	0.5	
Southern European	4.3	6.8	1.8	4.5	8.0	1.6	7.8	0.0	4.9	
Eastern European	2.6	2.8	1.2	2.7	2.7	0.0	3.9	0.0	2.4	
Southwest Asian/North African	1.0	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	
Southern Asian	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	
Southeast Asian	0.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	
Eastern Asian	1.6	0.6	0.2	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9	
African (excluding North African)	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Other	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	
Not stated	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	1,649	892	494	222	375	64	51	26	3,773	
(a)	This table uses Australian standard classification of languages (ABS 2005–06).
3.7	Income source
A large proportion of permanent residents at 30 June 2010 (89%) received a government pension, either from Centrelink (71%) or the Australian Government Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA) pension (18%)(Figure 3.3). There was little difference between the proportion of males and females receiving pensions (Table A2.9).
Self-funded retirees comprised just under 9% of permanent residents (9% of females and 8% of males) (Table A2.9). The Australian Capital Territory had a much higher proportion of self-funded retirees (21%) compared with other states and territories. The Northern Territory was the jurisdiction with the greatest proportion of permanent residents receiving a Centrelink pension (88%) but the smallest proportion receiving a DVA pension (6%), meaning that the proportion of pensioners overall was similar to that in most other jurisdictions.
Figure 3.3: Permanent residents by income source, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Pie chart showing, permanent residents by income source, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Source: Table A2.9
3.8	Support for financially disadvantaged residents
There is an obligation under the Aged Care Act 1997 to ensure that financially disadvantaged people have equitable access to residential aged care.
Income and asset rules determine eligibility for special conditions to apply for limits on daily care fees, accommodation charges and accommodation bonds.
Since 1 October 1997, the conditions around eligibility have changed. Appendix 6 provides a detailed description of the different conditions and terminology used for residents receiving financial help across three different time periods. The tables below describe ‘Residents receiving financial help’, which includes concessional, assisted, supported and partially supported residents. Appendix tables A2.10 and A2.11 provide a detailed breakdown of concessional, assisted, and supported residents.
Nationally, just under one-third (31%) of permanent residents at 30 June 2010 received financial help (after removing the ‘pre-reform’ group, see Appendix 6) (Table 3.4). The proportion of permanent residents receiving financial help was greatest in the Northern Territory (54%) and lowest in the Australian Capital Territory (24%). All other jurisdictions had around 30% of permanent residents receiving financial help.

Table 3.4: Financial support status of permanent residents at 30 June 2010, by state and territory(a)
Financial support status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Residents receiving financial help	16,689	11,864	9,260	4,442	4,881	1,300	414	209	49,059	
Residents not receiving financial help	37,383	29,358	19,335	8,912	10,227	2,811	1,317	179	109,522	
Total persons	54,072	41,222	28,595	13,354	15,108	4,111	1,731	388	158,581	
	Per cent	
Residents receiving financial help	30.9	28.8	32.4	33.3	32.3	31.6	23.9	53.9	30.9	
Residents not receiving financial help	69.1	71.2	67.6	66.7	67.7	68.4	76.1	46.1	69.1	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.
Note: There were 4,016 pre-reform admissions in current clients. The numbers above are calculated by first subtracting pre-reform numbers from total permanent persons in care. Secondly, all ‘Residents receiving financial help’ refers to the sum of concessional, assisted, supported and partially supported residents, and ‘Residents not receiving financial help’ refers to the sum of residents not eligible for support and unsupported residents.
Financial support for residents became more likely with increasing remoteness (Table 3.5). Over 60% of permanent residents in Very remote areas at 30 June 2010 received financial help compared with 30% of those in Major cities.
Table 3.5: Financial support status of permanent residents at 30 June 2010, by remoteness(a)
Financial support status	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
	Number	
Residents receiving financial help	32,995	11,244	4,293	374	153	49,059	
Residents not receiving financial help	75,875	24,930	8,112	512	93	109,522	
Total persons	108,870	36,174	12,405	886	246	158,581	
	Per cent	
Residents receiving financial help	30.3	31.1	34.6	42.2	62.2	30.9	
Residents not receiving financial help	69.7	68.9	65.4	57.8	37.8	69.1	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
3.9	Hospital leave
Hospital leave enables a permanent aged care resident to take leave to receive hospital treatment.
Overall, of the approximately 162,600 permanent residents in care at 30 June 2010 almost one-quarter of these residents had used hospital leave in the preceding 12 months (Table 3.6). Hospital leave was most likely among residents in Major cities (26%) and least likely among those in Very remote areas (19%).
Table 3.6: Permanent residents at 30 June 2010 with hospital leave between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010(a) (per cent)
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
NSW	27.8	22.2	23.8	34.1	0.0	26.2	
Vic	24.2	20.3	21.1	17.1	. .	23.2	
Qld	26.5	23.6	22.2	22.3	22.0	25.2	
WA	25.6	23.5	24.0	23.0	19.8	25.2	
SA	25.8	18.2	26.0	20.1		24.9	
Tas	. .	15.1	15.9	15.0	0.0	15.2	
ACT	27.6	0.0	. .	. .	. .	27.7	
NT	. .	. .	29.1	28.4	17.5	27.7	
Total proportion taking leave	26.2	21.3	22.6	23.4	19.0	24.8	
Total persons (number)	111,678	36,986	12,749	926	258	162,597	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.
3.10	Newly admitted residents
Data in this section relate to an individual’s last admission during the year, and so are equivalent to the number of newly admitted individuals. By comparison, data presented in Section 4.1 relate to all admissions, and individuals may be counted more than once.
Between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 there were almost 57,000 persons admitted to permanent residential care and more than 41,000 admitted to respite care (Tables A2.12 and A2.13). An individual may be ‘admitted’ more than once if he or she leaves care for a specified period of time. Around three-quarters of newly admitted permanent and respite residents were aged 80 years and over (74% and 71%, respectively). The proportion of older residents has been increasing over the past decade (see Section 6.2).
Marital status of new residents
Half of permanent and respite residents (51% and 50%, respectively) admitted between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 were widowed. A slightly higher percentage of newly admitted respite residents (38%) were married or in de facto relationships compared to permanent residents (33%) (tables A2.12 and A2.13).
The majority (65%) of new permanent female residents were widowed, and approximately a quarter were married or in a de facto relationship (22%) (Figure 3.4). By contrast, around one-quarter of permanent male residents were widowed (28%), with the majority being married or in a de facto relationship (51%).
Figure 3.4: Marital status of new admissions to permanent residential care between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex 
Vertical bar chart showing, for females and males, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis marital status.
Sources: Tables A2.12 and A2.13.
Housing status
The majority of newly admitted residents from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 had been living in a house or flat before admission (81% of permanent residents and 88% of respite residents) (Figure 3.5). Around 1 in 10 had been living in an independent unit (that is, a self-care, individual residence situated within a retirement village or aged care facility).
Figure 3.5: Usual housing status of new admissions to residential aged care between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by care type
Vertical bar chart showing, for permanent and respite, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis housing status.
Source: Table A2.14.
Prior living arrangements
Almost half of residents newly admitted to permanent care between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 had lived alone prior to admission (Figure 3.6a). Most of the remainder had lived with family. Females were more likely than males to have lived alone prior to their admission.
Over half of new respite residents between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 had lived with family prior to their admission (Figure 3.6b). This was much more common among males than females (70% compared with 50%). 
Figure 3.6a: Prior living arrangements of new admissions to permanent residential aged care between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex
Vertical bar chart showing, for female and male, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis living arrangements.
Source: Table A2.15.
Figure 3.6b: Prior living arrangements of new admissions to residential respite care between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex
Vertical bar chart showing, for female and male, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis living arrangements.
Source: Table A2.15.
Income source
The majority (88%) of residents newly admitted to permanent care between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 were receiving a government pension (Figure 3.7). Self- funded retirees accounted for 9% of new admissions. The distribution of income sources was similar for males and females (Table A2.16).
Figure 3.7: Income source of new admissions to permanent residential aged care between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Pie chart showing the income source of new admissions to permanent residential aged care.
Source: Table A2.16.
4	Patterns of use
This chapter explores a number of areas relating to residential aged care use, including admissions, separations and length of stay, usage rates, turnover, occupied place-days, and average occupancy between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010.
4.1	Admissions
Between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 there were 115,440 admissions to residential aged care: almost 58,000 for permanent care and 57,500 for respite care (Table 4.1). The majority (72%) of residents admitted to care in 2009–10 were aged 80 years and over. The most common age group was 85–89 years, accounting for 29% of permanent admissions and 28% of respite admissions (Figure 4.1).
The Northern Territory had a greater proportion of younger residents admitted to residential care compared with the other jurisdictions; 12% of permanent and 20% of respite residents admitted in the Northern Territory were aged less than 65 years, compared with around 4% of residents in the other states and territory (tables A3.1 and A3.2).

Figure 4.1: Permanent and respite admissions, age at admission, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Vertical bar chart showing, for permanent and respite, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis age group (years).
Source: Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Permanent, respite and all admissions, age at admission by sex, 1 July 2009 to 
30 June 2010
Age group (years)	Permanent	Respite	All admissions	
	Number	Per cent	Number 	Per cent	Number 	Per cent	
Females	
under 65	905	2.5	1,166	3.3	2,071	2.9	
65–69	915	2.6	985	2.8	1,900	2.7	
70–74	1,903	5.3	2,072	5.9	3,975	5.6	
75–79	4,137	11.6	4,184	11.9	8,321	11.7	
80–84	8,527	23.9	8,359	23.7	16,886	23.8	
85–89	10,979	30.7	10,772	30.5	21,751	30.6	
90–94	6,291	17.6	5,875	16.6	12,166	17.1	
95+	2,086	5.8	1,890	5.4	3,976	5.6	
Total females	35,743	100.0	35,303	100.0	71,046	100.0	
Males	
under 65	1,206	5.4	1,266	5.7	2,472	5.6	
65–69	1,020	4.6	1,248	5.6	2,268	5.1	
70–74	1,864	8.4	2,226	10.0	4,090	9.2	
75–79	3,341	15.1	3,572	16.1	6,913	15.6	
80–84	5,546	25.0	5,359	24.1	10,905	24.6	
85–89	5,748	25.9	5,350	24.1	11,098	25.0	
90–94	2,753	12.4	2,529	11.4	5,282	11.9	
95+	716	3.2	650	2.9	1,366	3.1	
Total males	22,194	100.0	22,200	100.0	44,394	100.0	
Persons	
under 65	2,111	3.6	2,432	4.2	4,543	3.9	
65–69	1,935	3.3	2,233	3.9	4,168	3.6	
70–74	3,767	6.5	4,298	7.5	8,065	7.0	
75–79	7,478	12.9	7,756	13.5	15,234	13.2	
80–84	14,073	24.3	13,718	23.9	27,791	24.1	
85–89	16,727	28.9	16,122	28.0	32,849	28.5	
90–94	9,044	15.6	8,404	14.6	17,448	15.1	
95+	2,802	4.8	2,540	4.4	5,342	4.6	
Total persons	57,937	100.0	57,503	100.0	115,440	100.0	
Note: Includes residents who may have been admitted more than once.
4.2	Separations
Box 4.1: Separations
A separation occurs when a resident leaves residential aged care and has not re-entered the same or another service within 2 days.
The categories of reasons for separation (called the separation mode) are:
- death
- return to community
- admission to hospital
- move to another aged care service
- other.
Between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 there were 111,332 separations from residential aged care. Just over 54,190 separations were of permanent residents, which accounted for nearly half the total separations (49%), and around 57,140 were respite separations (51%) (Table A3.3).
Among permanent residents, death was the major reason for separation, accounting for 90% of cases (Figure 4.2). A small proportion of residents returned to the community (4%), whereas 3% moved to a different residential aged care setting. By contrast, just under two-thirds of separating respite residents returned to the community, and 14% moved to other residential care. Only 2% of respite residents separated due to death.
Figure 4.2: Permanent and respite separations by separation mode, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Vertical bar chart showing, for permanent and respite, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis separation mode.
Source: Tables A3.5 and A3.6.
The distribution of separation modes for permanent residents was similar among the states and territories, however the Northern Territory had higher proportions of separations to hospital and return to the community than the other jurisdictions (Table A3.5).
More variation among the jurisdictions was evident for separations from respite care (Table A3.6). Tasmania had a relatively high proportion of respite residents returning to the community (82%), whereas this proportion was relatively low in both New South Wales and South Australia (55% and 59%, respectively). High proportions of residents in Western Australia and Queensland continued in residential aged care (20% and 17% respectively).

4.3	Length of stay
Box 4.2: Measuring length of stay
There are two standard measurements for length of stay:
1. Length of stay of an existing resident up to a particular point in time (in this publication, up to 30 June 2010). For existing residents, length of stay is an incomplete measure. It shows the amount of time residents have already spent in residential aged care, but not how much more time will be spent before leaving.
2. Total or completed length of stay of a separated resident up to the point of leaving residential aged care. If a resident moves from one service to another in less than 2 days (known as a transfer), then this is ignored, and the admission date used in the measure is the earlier admission date, or the first admission considering all transfers.
Length of stay of existing permanent residents
At 30 June 2010, almost one-third of existing permanent residents had been in residential aged care for 2–5 years (Table 4.2). Just over one-quarter had been in care for less than 1 year. One-fifth of residents had a length of stay between 1 and 2 years, while another fifth had been in care for 5 years or more.
The distribution of length of stay was similar across remoteness areas. There was a trend toward longer stay in Remote and Very remote areas, but this may be subject to more annual variation because of the relatively small numbers of residents in these areas.

Table 4.2: Existing permanent residents, length of stay to date by sex and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Length of stay	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
Persons	
<4 weeks	2.6	2.7	2.8	1.8	0.8	2.6	
4–<8 weeks	2.4	2.4	2.5	1.6	3.9	2.4	
8–<13 weeks	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.3	1.9	2.7	
13–<26 weeks	6.8	7.0	7.0	7.0	5.4	6.9	
26–<39 weeks	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.5	7.4	6.3	
39–<52 weeks	6.1	6.4	6.1	6.4	4.7	6.2	
1–<2 years	19.5	20.0	20.1	19.4	19.0	19.6	
2–<3 years	14.4	14.7	14.2	13.4	10.9	14.4	
3–<4 years	10.5	10.7	9.9	10.4	9.3	10.5	
4–<5 years	7.7	7.4	7.0	8.5	7.0	7.6	
5–<8 years	12.7	12.0	13.6	12.1	14.3	12.6	
8+ years	8.4	7.3	8.2	10.6	15.5	8.1	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	111,678	36,986	12,749	926	258	162,597	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
Completed length of stay
For permanent residents who left residential care during the period 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, over one-third (38%) were in residential care for less than 1 year (27% for less than 6 months) (Table A3.7). Two-fifths (43%) had length of stay of between 1 and 5 years.
Almost half of all male residents had been in residential care for less than 1 year, compared with around one-third of females (48% and 32%, respectively) (Figure 4.3).
Most residents (90%) left due to death. Of these, one-fifth had stayed 5 years or more whereas one-quarter had been in care for less than 6 months. A small proportion of residents (4%) returned to the community; almost half of these (48%) had stayed for less than 3 months (Table A3.8).
Figure 4.3: Completed length of stay of permanent residents, by sex, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Vertical bar chart showing, for males and females, on the y-axis per cent and on the x-axis length of stay.
Source: Table A3.7.
4.4	Average length of stay
Permanent residents
Between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, the average (mean) length of stay for permanent residents leaving residential care was 145.1 weeks (Table 4.3). Females on average stayed around 50% longer than males (167.6 compared with 108.5 weeks).
The average length of stay of residents at the time of separation varied slightly among the states and territories. Permanent separations in South Australia had the longest average length of stay (151.9 weeks) and those in the Northern Territory had the shortest (116.3 weeks). On average, stays in Remote areas were the shortest, at 129.0 weeks.
Respite residents
Between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, the average length of stay for respite residents leaving residential care was 3.4 weeks (Table 4.4). The average length of stay varied among the jurisdictions from 3.9 weeks in New South Wales to 2.3 weeks in Tasmania. Across remoteness areas, the longest average length of stay was in Major cities at 3.6 weeks, with the lowest in Remote areas at 2.9 weeks.
From 1998–99 to 2009–10, the average completed length of stay for permanent residents has increased by around 10%, from 131.3 weeks to 145.1 weeks. By contrast, average completed length of stay for respite care has fluctuated in a narrow band around three and a half weeks (see Table 6.3).

Table 4.3: Average (mean) length of stay (weeks), separations of permanent residents, by sex, state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	All regions	
Females	
NSW	171.2	154.4	162.0	200.9	0.0	166.5	
Vic	166.9	161.5	166.8	182.4	. .	165.6	
Qld	173.3	177.7	180.8	122.2	160.1	174.8	
WA	159.5	144.0	168.1	178.0	150.4	158.0	
SA	175.4	167.8	194.3	135.7	0.0	175.8	
Tas	. .	162.5	140.4	245.1	176.9	157.6	
ACT	165.8	0.0	. .	. .	. .	165.8	
NT	. .	. .	120.3	129.6	171.3	132.0	
Total females	169.7	161.4	169.4	149.3	162.9	167.6	
Males	
NSW	106.6	100.2	121.1	130.8	0.0	105.8	
Vic	112.9	111.3	116.6	91.5	. .	112.7	
Qld	100.0	114.8	134.3	116.3	128.7	108.1	
WA	105.0	113.8	86.0	101.2	233.9	105.4	
SA	113.4	107.1	103.0	63.2	0.0	111.1	
Tas	. .	100.9	114.1	106.2	68.1	103.8	
ACT	115.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	115.0	
NT	. .	. .	77.3	127.7	196.3	101.1	
Total males	107.9	107.0	117.6	104.4	147.8	108.5	
Persons	
NSW	146.4	133.9	147.5	160.8	0.0	143.4	
Vic	146.6	142.2	149.0	152.1	. .	145.6	
Qld	145.2	153.3	161.7	119.7	141.4	148.8	
WA	139.2	132.4	135.9	138.1	194.9	138.2	
SA	152.3	147.1	160.8	107.1	0.0	151.9	
Tas	. .	139.4	130.6	164.1	116.5	137.4	
ACT	145.1	0.0	. .	. .	. .	145.1	
NT	. .	. .	95.4	128.8	179.6	116.3	
Total persons	146.2	140.7	149.8	129.0	154.8	145.1	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.

Table 4.4: Average length of stay (weeks), separations of respite residents, by sex, state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
Females	
NSW	4.2	3.4	3.5	4.4	0.0	3.9	
Vic	3.1	2.9	3.2	2.9	. .	3.0	
Qld	3.2	3.1	3.5	4.0	4.7	3.3	
WA	2.9	3.3	3.4	2.3	3.1	3.0	
SA	4.2	3.3	3.4	2.7	0.0	3.9	
Tas	. .	2.3	2.5	2.1	3.9	2.4	
ACT	3.2	0.0	. .	. .	. .	3.2	
NT	. .	. .	3.3	3.4	2.3	3.1	
Total females	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.5	
Males	
NSW	4.2	3.2	3.8	2.6	0.0	3.9	
Vic	2.9	2.6	2.6	3.6	. .	2.8	
Qld	3.0	2.9	3.4	3.4	5.3	3.1	
WA	2.8	2.9	3.1	2.3	2.2	2.8	
SA	3.9	3.1	3.2	2.4	0.0	3.6	
Tas	. .	2.1	2.6	2.1	2.6	2.2	
ACT	3.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	3.0	
NT	. .	. .	3.5	3.1	3.4	3.3	
Total males	3.5	2.9	3.3	2.7	3.4	3.3	
Persons	
NSW	4.2	3.4	3.6	3.7	0.0	3.9	
Vic	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.3	. .	2.9	
Qld	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.7	5.1	3.2	
WA	2.9	3.1	3.3	2.3	2.6	2.9	
SA	4.1	3.2	3.3	2.6	0.0	3.8	
Tas	. .	2.2	2.5	2.1	3.2	2.3	
ACT	3.1	0.0	. .	. .	. .	3.1	
NT	. .	. .	3.4	3.2	2.6	3.2	
Total persons	3.6	3.0	3.3	2.9	3.2	3.4	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.
4.5	Resident turnover
The amount of turnover in the residential aged care system is a function of the number of admissions, length of stay and the overall growth or reduction in the type and number of places in the system. It is calculated as the number of admissions over the financial year divided by the number of operational places.
Generally, the turnover for permanent and respite residents has been relatively stable from 2000–01 to 2009–10, with rates fluctuating in narrow bands (Table 4.5). Approximately one-third of permanent places are associated with new admissions in a year, whereas respite places are used about 14 to 17 times per year.
Table 4.5: Admissions and turnover, by type of care in residential aged care services, 2000–01 to 2009–10
Type of care	2001–02	2002–03	2003–04	2004–05	2005–06	2006–07	2007–08	2008–09	2009-10	
Permanent care	
Admissions	47,345	51,200	53,356	52,462	52,964	52,196	53,737	56,983	57,937	
Turnover	0.33	0.36	0.35	0.34	0.33	0.32	0.32	0.33	0.33	
Respite care	
Admissions	43,309	45,445	46,632	48,295	49,727	50,987	51,293	54,535	57,503	
Turnover	17.17	17.07	16.84	16.32	14.98	15.34	15.05	14.84	14.10	
Permanent and respite care	
Admissions	90,654	96,645	99,988	100,757	102,691	103,183	105,030	111,518	115,440	
Turnover	0.63	0.65	0.64	0.63	0.63	0.62	0.61	0.64	0.64	
Note: Turnover is calculated separately for permanent and respite residents by firstly allocating permanent and respite places according to the number of residents in each category as at 30 June 2010. Turnover is defined as admissions over the financial year divided by places.
4.6	Usage rates
A usage rate is a way of measuring patterns of use and access to services. It is similar to a provision ratio (see Box 2.3), but it looks at the number of people who are currently using a service, as a proportion of the people in the population that the service is for. In this section usage rates are expressed as a number per 1,000 of the population being considered.
For example, if a usage rate is 10 for a specific age group it would mean that there were 10 people for every 1,000 people in that age group who were using residential aged care during a particular time period. By comparison, a provision ratio of 10 would mean that, at a specific point in time there were 10 places available for every 1,000 people aged 70 years or more.
Usage rates for permanent residential aged care in this section have been calculated by English-speaking status (based on country of birth) and by Indigenous status.
Usage by English-speaking status
The total usage rate for permanent residents at 30 June 2010 was 23.7 per 1,000 persons aged 50 years and over (Table 4.6). The Australian-born group had higher usage rates than either the overseas-born English speaking or overseas-born non-English speaking groups (26.2, 20.8 and 17.8 per 1,000 people, respectively).
The number of Australian-born people receiving permanent care was estimated to be 112.2 per 1,000 aged 75 years and over. This was somewhat higher than among overseas-born English-speaking people of this age (102.2 per 1,000) and considerably higher than among overseas-born non-English speaking people (79.7 per 1,000).
Table 4.6: Age- and sex specific rates for permanent residents, by English-speaking status
 at 30 June 2010 (per 1,000 population)
Age (years)	Australian-born	Overseas-born,
English-speaking	Overseas-born,
LOTE(a)	Total	
Females	
50–64	1.6	0.9	0.7	1.3	
65–74	10.8	7.0	7.0	9.4	
75+	139.2	133.9	102.4	131.4	
Total females (50+)	35.6	29.2	23.2	32.1	
Males	
50–64	1.9	1.1	1.1	1.6	
65–74	10.7	6.2	6.9	9.1	
75+	71.5	63.0	52.8	66.1	
Total males (50+)	15.8	12.5	12.1	14.5	
Persons	
50–64	1.8	1.0	0.9	1.5	
65–74	10.8	6.6	6.9	9.3	
75+	112.2	102.2	79.7	104.2	
Total persons (50+)	26.2	20.8	17.8	23.7	
(a)	LOTE = Language other than English.
Notes
1. 	Recipients with unknown status have been pro-rated across the overseas-born groups.
2. 	Due to the unavailability of regular population estimates by language preference, English-speaking status is based on
country of birth. People born in Australia, Ireland, United Kingdom, New Zealand, United States of America, Canada and
South Africa are assumed to be from an English‑speaking background. 	
3.	Population estimates by country of birth are derived from AIHW 2006.
Usage by Indigenous status
Usage rates for Indigenous Australians were higher at younger ages than in the non-Indigenous population (Table 4.7). The usage rate for Indigenous people aged 60–64 years was more than three times that for non-Indigenous people of this age, at 8.0 compared with 2.5 per 1,000. This trend was reversed among people aged 65 years or over, with the result that overall the non-Indigenous usage rate was much higher than that for Indigenous people (54.5 compared with 35.4 per 1,000).

Table 4.7: Age- and sex-specific usage rates for permanent residents, by
Indigenous status(a), 30 June 2010 (per 1,000 population)(b)
	Indigenous	Non-Indigenous	
Age (years)	Females	Males	Persons	Females	Males	Persons	
0–49	0.1	0.1	0.1	-	-	-	
50–54	1.6	3.5	2.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	
55–59	4.0	4.7	4.3	1.1	1.4	1.2	
60–64	8.1	7.9	8.0	2.3	2.8	2.5	
65+	48.0	18.8	35.4	68.6	35.9	54.5	
Total	2.3	1.6	1.9	10.4	4.4	7.5	
(a)	Recipients with unknown status have been pro-rated across categories.
(b)	Rates are calculated using ABS projections (ABS 2009) and the Australian population figures released in
December 2010 (ABS 2010a).
4.7	Occupied place-days
The number of occupied place-days in a year is a good indicator of the level of activity in residential aged care.
Over the year from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, 59.9 million place-days were used in mainstream aged care facilities in Australia. Most of these (58.5 million place-days, or 98% of the total) were for permanent care (table 4.8 and A3.9).
As might be expected, the majority of permanent days were in Major cities (69%), and just under a quarter were in Inner regional areas (23%). There was a similar pattern for respite days, with a high proportion of occupied place-days in Major cities (63%), followed by Inner regional (26%). These proportions reflect the distribution of the older Australian population and the corresponding distribution of places (see tables 2.2 and 2.4). Among the states and territories, the Northern Territory had the highest proportion of permanent occupied place-days in Very remote areas (10%), with all other states and territories having less than 1% of occupied place days in these areas (Table 4.8). Similarly, in the Northern Territory there was a relatively high proportion of respite occupied place-days in Very remote areas (17%).

Table 4.8: Occupied place-days, type of care by state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	All regions	
Permanent care	
NSW	69.6	24.2	6.0	0.2	0.0	100.0	
Vic	71.5	23.2	5.2	0.1	. .	100.0	
Qld	62.8	23.9	12.1	0.8	0.4	100.0	
WA	77.9	13.3	6.7	1.4	0.7	100.0	
SA	78.0	11.3	9.7	1.1	0.0	100.0	
Tas	. .	74.4	23.7	1.5	0.4	100.0	
ACT	100.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	100.0	
NT	. .	. .	55.5	34.4	10.1	100.0	
Australia	68.7	22.7	7.8	0.6	0.2	100.0	
Australia (number)	40,221,142	13,302,131	4,590,459	335,995	94,695	58,544,422	
Respite care	
NSW	67.1	25.0	7.8	0.1	0.0	100.0	
Vic	61.7	31.0	7.3	0.1	. .	100.0	
Qld	54.6	26.9	15.8	1.6	1.0	100.0	
WA	65.5	19.1	11.5	2.3	1.6	100.0	
SA	72.4	14.5	10.9	2.2	0.0	100.0	
Tas	0.0	68.7	26.4	2.8	2.0	100.0	
ACT	100.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	100.0	
NT	. .	. .	45.0	38.0	16.9	100.0	
Australia	63.3	25.6	9.8	0.9	0.4	100.0	
Australia (number)	864,335	350,165	133,574	12,694	5,054	1,365,822	
All residential care	
NSW	69.5	24.2	6.1	0.2	0.0	100.0	
Vic	71.3	23.3	5.3	0.1	. .	100.0	
Qld	62.7	24.0	12.1	0.8	0.4	100.0	
WA	77.7	13.4	6.8	1.4	0.7	100.0	
SA	77.8	11.4	9.7	1.1	0.0	100.0	
Tas	. .	74.3	23.8	1.5	0.5	100.0	
ACT	100.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	100.0	
NT	. .	. .	55.0	34.6	10.5	100.0	
Australia	68.6	22.8	7.9	0.6	0.2	100.0	
Australia (number)	41,085,477	13,652,296	4,724,033	348,689	99,749	59,910,244	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.
4.8	Occupancy rate
The occupancy rate is calculated by counting day by day over a year the number of residents and counting day by day over a year the available places. The ratio of these two counts (as a percentage) is called the occupancy rate.
Between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 the national occupancy rate was 92%, a slight decrease from the previous year (93%) (tables 4.9 and 6.7). The occupancy rate ranged from 89% in the Northern Territory to 96% in Tasmania. Across remoteness areas, the occupancy rate was highest in Inner regional areas (94%) and lowest in Very remote areas (81%).
Table 4.9: Average occupancy rate, by state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	All regions	
NSW	92.4	92.7	90.4	89.0	0.0	92.3	
Vic	90.1	94.2	93.5	81.2	. .	91.2	
Qld	90.5	93.5	90.9	82.2	71.9	91.1	
WA	94.1	93.6	93.4	93.5	86.2	93.9	
SA	95.8	97.0	94.8	93.4	0.0	95.8	
Tas	. .	97.7	91.5	96.1	84.4	96.0	
ACT	91.5	0.0	. .	. .	. .	91.5	
NT	. .	. .	85.1	93.5	97.1	89.0	
Australia	91.9	93.9	91.8	89.4	80.8	92.3	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
Note: The average occupancy rate = (The sum of resident bed-days in the period)/(The sum of approved places in the period) × 100, for each cell. Occupancy will be underestimated to the extent that current places are temporarily offline.
. . 	Not applicable.
5	Care needs of residents
The Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI) is a funding tool used to appraise a resident’s dependency or need for care across three care domains: with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), with behaviour (BEH) and with Complex Health Care (CHC) (see Box 5.1 and Appendix 4). Payment of care subsidies to service providers is based on the resident’s ratings in each of these three domains.
Residents are appraised as having either Nil (meaning they have minimal or no need for assistance in that area), Low, Medium or High need for assistance in each of the three domains. Appraisal is based on 12 questions and assessments and diagnosed health conditions (Box 5.2). The assessment of their overall care level (high- or low- care) is based on the appraised level of care needs in these three domains (see Box 5.3). The ACFI also records up to three mental or behavioural diagnoses and up to three other medical diagnoses.
This chapter describes some patterns in the care needs of residents and provides new information about the incidence of the main medical conditions and dementia in permanent residents.
Box 5.1: The Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI)
An assessment undertaken with the ACFI is called an appraisal. Each ACFI appraisal has information on:
•	up to three mental or behavioural diagnoses
•	up to three other medical diagnoses
•	five questions about the need for assistance with activities of daily living: nutrition, mobility, personal hygiene, toileting, and continence
•	five questions on the need for assistance with the resident’s behaviour: cognitive skills, wandering, verbal behaviour, physical behaviour and depression
•	two questions on the need for assistance with the use of medication and complex health care procedures.
•	The resident’s need for assistance in relation to each question is given a rating of A, B, C, or D and corresponds to a score, the scores are then added up and used to categorise the needs as Nil, Low, Medium or High within each of the three domains (for example, see Box 5.2). Subsidy levels are based on the resident’s rating for each of the three funding/care domains (DoHA 2009b).
The ACFI replaced the Resident Classification Scale (RCS) on 20 March 2008 and is used to assess new residents (Box 5.3). Existing residents were reappraised using the ACFI on the anniversaries of their RCS appraisals. This transition process is now complete.

 5.1	Overall level of care needed
Residents are classified as high or low-care residents based on their ACFI appraisal. The distinction between high and low-care is important because low-care residents with the means to do so are required to pay an accommodation bond either as a lump sum or through periodic payments. The criteria for defining ACFI high and low-care changed from 1 January 2010 (see Box 5.3, DoHA 2009f).
•	Just over 60% of new admissions to residential aged care facilities from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 required high-level care (Table 5.1)
•	Over 70% of permanent residents at 30 June 2010 required high-level care, representing a decrease from 2008–09 (75%) (tables 5.1 and A4.1).
•	The proportion of younger residents (aged under 65 years) requiring high-level care at 30 June 2010 was much higher (81%) (Table 5.1). Younger residents are not usually admitted to residential aged care unless no other suitable disability service is available.
Table 5.1: Dependency levels of permanent residents at admission 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, permanent residents, and younger people (aged under 65 years) at 30 June 2010 (per cent)
	New admissions,
1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010	Permanent residents,
30 June 2010	Younger residents (< 65 years),
30 June 2010	
Sex	High-care	Low-care	Total	High-care	Low-care	Total	High-care	Low-care	Total	
Females	57.9	42.1	100.0	71.1	28.9	100.0	84.5	15.5	100.0	
Males	68.0	32.0	100.0	72.0	28.0	100.0	77.8	22.0	100.0	
Persons	61.7	38.3	100.0	71.3	28.7	100.0	80.8	19.2	100.0	
Note: The estimates apply the new ACFI rules retrospectively and this creates a series break.
The estimates applying the new rules only to permanent admissions after 1 January 2010 are included in Table A4.1.
Box 5.2: Defining low- and high-care under the ACFI from 1 January 2010
Under the new definition, for a resident to be assessed as high-care, they must have:
•	a score of high in the ADL domain; or
•	a score of high in the CHC domain; or
•	a score of high in the BEH domain together with a score above nil in at least one of the ADL and CHC domains; or
•	a score of medium or high in at least two of the three domains.
Otherwise a resident is classified as low-care.
Care levels across domains
Overall, there were nearly 127,400 permanent residents at 30 June 2010 with an ACFI appraisal of high-care (Table A4.2).
•	Nearly 8% had a high-care classification across all three domains.
•	11% of high-care residents were appraised as having a High across the ADLs and Behaviour domains and a Medium in the Complex Health Care domain. This was the most common combination of care needs for high-care residents.
•	Just over 34,200 residents had a low-care appraisal (Table A4.3).
•	Almost 7% of low-care residents required only minimal or no assistance with all three areas of care and so received a Nil rating for all domains.
•	18% of low-care residents were appraised as a Low across all domains. This was the most common combination for low-care residents.
5.2	ACFI appraisals on admission
From 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 there were about 55,500 permanent resident admissions with an ACFI appraisal:
•	Most new residents needed some level of assistance with ADLs, 33% appraised as High , 27% appraised as Medium and 35% appraised as Low (Figure 5.1).
•	One third of new residents (32%) were appraised as High in the BEH domain, while around a quarter were appraised as Medium (27%) and 26% as Low.
•	New residents were less likely to need assistance with complex health care than with ADLs or behaviour, with only a fifth (21%) of new residents appraised as High in this domain, and over half appraised as Low or Nil for this domain.
•	New residents were more likely to have low or no need for care with behaviour or complex health care (16% and 17% respectively) than with ADLs where only 5% had minimal or no care needs.
•	Overall, a greater proportion of male admissions were appraised as High in all three domains, though the differences between the sexes varied somewhat by age (AIHW observation).
Figure 5.1: Level of ACFI domains for new permanent admissions 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, permanent residents and younger people (aged under 65 years) at 30 June 2010
Three vertical bar charts showing, for new residents, permanent residents and younger residents, on the y-axes per cent and on the x-axes domain levels.
Sources: Tables A4.4a, A4.4b, A4.4c, A4.5, A4.6a, A4.6b, and A45.6c
Variation by age
Across age groups:
•	the youngest (less than 65 years) and the oldest (95 years and over) residents had the highest ADL needs, with 39% and 45% respectively appraised as High in ADL’s (Table A4.4a).
•	the number of residents appraised as having a High in the BEH domain became less common with age, from 42% of those under 65 years to 26% of those aged 95 years or over (Table A4.4b).
•	younger new residents were also more likely to be appraised as High in Complex Health Care (30% of those less 65 years, and 29% of those aged 65-69 years) than those entering care at an older age (18% of those aged 85-94 years, and 21% of those 95 years or older).
These differences may indicate that difficulty with carrying out Activities of Daily Living and behavioural issues may have a greater influence than health conditions on the decision to enter care for most new residents. The high proportion of younger people entering residential care with higher care needs may also reflect the relatively high number of people in these age groups who enter care because of more severe health conditions including acquired brain injury, stroke or early onset dementia.
Variation by state
The distribution of care levels varied somewhat across the states and territories (tables A4.11a, A4.11b and A4.11c). South Australia had the largest proportion of residents with a classification of High in all three domains: 37% with High needs in activities of daily living (33% nationally), 40% with High care behaviour needs (32% nationally) and 31% with High complex health care needs (21% nationally).
5.3	ACFI appraisals for permanent residents
The distribution of ACFI care levels across the three domains for all permanent residents in care at 30 June 2010 (Table 5.2) was generally similar to that seen for new residents admitted during the year (see Figure 5.1). However:
•	the proportion of residents with Medium and High in the ADL domain was slightly higher
•	existing residents were more likely than new residents to be appraised as High in the BEH domain (43% of all residents were appraised as High compared with 32% of new residents) and
•	the proportion of all permanent residents with a Medium in the Complex Health Care domain was higher than that for new residents (30% compared with 23% respectively) while those appraised as High were lower (17% compared with 21% respectively).
These slight differences in the patterns of appraisals for all residents and for new residents generally reflect the care needs of existing older residents who make up the majority of residents; around three-quarters of existing residents were 80 years or older, and nearly 3 in 10 (28%) were aged 85 to 89 years. This is true both for new residents during the year and all residents at 30 June 2010. Frailty increases as people age, as do the proportions of people with chronic health conditions. The care needs of residents entering residential aged care are generally lower than those of a similar age who are already living in residential care.
Variation by age
Variation in the distribution of appraisals in the three domains was evident across age groups (Table 5.2):
•	Residents aged 95 years and over were most likely to be appraised as High care in the ADL domain (43%). Within this age group, females were more likely than males to be appraised as High (44% compared with 37%); in contrast, males were more likely than females to be appraised as High in ADLs.
•	The widest variation was seen within the BEH domain. As age increased, the proportion of residents appraised as High decreased. Just over half of residents aged under 65 years appraised as High (51%), steadily decreasing to 37% of those aged 95 years and over.
•	This same trend was evident within the CHC domain, with 23% of residents aged under 65 years with appraised as High, reducing to 17% of those aged 95 years and over.
The care needs of younger residents are discussed further in section 5.4.
Table 5.2: ACFI domain for permanent residents, by age group at 30 June 2010 (per cent)
ACFI care level	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Activities of daily living (ADL)	
High	39.7	34.6	37.4	37.9	36.4	35.1	36.1	43.5	36.9	
Medium	29.5	30.2	28.3	29.3	29.1	28.7	28.5	28.8	28.9	
Low	24.1	27.7	27.4	26.7	28.4	29.9	29.2	23.1	28.1	
Nil	6.7	7.6	6.9	6.1	6.0	6.3	6.2	4.6	6.1	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	6,438	5,230	9,066	16,990	32,915	45,851	31,378	13,726	161,594	
	Behaviour (BEH)	
High	51.2	50.0	48.4	47.7	45.0	41.5	38.3	37.4	42.9	
Medium	25.3	23.8	25.0	23.9	24.0	24.7	25.2	26.8	24.8	
Low	15.7	17.1	17.3	17.9	18.9	20.5	22.0	22.5	19.9	
Nil	7.8	9.1	9.4	10.5	12.1	13.3	14.5	13.3	12.4	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	6,438	5,230	9,066	16,990	32,915	45,851	31,378	13,726	161,594	
	Complex health care (CHC)	
High	23.3	19.9	19.7	19.0	17.3	15.8	16.0	16.9	17.2	
Medium	29.5	31.0	30.6	30.6	30.4	30.1	30.1	31.1	30.3	
Low	30.9	32.5	34.2	35.6	37.1	38.5	38.5	38.0	37.1	
Nil	16.3	16.7	15.5	14.8	15.2	15.6	15.5	14.0	15.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	6,438	5,230	9,066	16,990	32,915	45,851	31,378	13,726	161,594	
Variation by state
As with new residents, there was some variation in care levels for all residents across the states and territories (Table A4.12a, Table A4.12b and Table A4.12c). Greater proportions of residents in South Australia were appraised as High in the BEH and CHC domains compared with other jurisdictions, while residents in the Northern Territory were more likely to be appraised as High care needs in the ADL domain. A relatively high proportion of residents in Tasmania had a Nil in BEH (18% compared with the national average of 12%).
5.4	ACFI for younger residents
At 30 June 2010 there were just over 6,400 permanent aged care residents under the age of 65 years, accounting for around 4% of permanent residents. Almost all had been appraised using the ACFI.
•	The need for care with ADLs was generally similar to that for all residents although younger residents had a slightly lower proportion with Low care needs and a slightly higher proportion with a High care need (see Figure 5.1).
•	Younger residents were more likely to have high-level care needs in the BEH and CHC domains:
–	Half (51%) of young permanent residents required high-level care in the BEH domain compared with 43% of all residents. Those aged 50–54 years were the most likely to be appraised as High in the BEH domain(55%).
–	In the CHC domain, 23% of young residents required high-level care, compared with 17% of all residents. However, CHC needs were much more common in the youngest residents, with almost half of those aged less than 40 years requiring high-level care in this domain.
Analysis of the main health conditions of younger people in residential care could be useful in explaining the care needs of younger residents. It is probable that many of these younger residents have medical diagnoses such as acquired brain injury, stroke, early onset dementia or other conditions associated with higher care needs.
Younger people are not generally accepted into residential aged care unless there are no other more suitable disability services available for them. The Younger People with Disability in Residential Aged Care (YPIRAC) program is a 5-year program agreed on by the Council of Australian Governments which aims to reduce the number of people with disability aged less than 65 who live in residential aged care. More information about that program and the characteristics of younger residents is published in the report Younger people with disability in residential aged care: update from the 2009–10 minimum data set (AIHW 2011d).
5.5	Separation mode by ACFI level of care
Between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, 52,615 permanent residents with an ACFI appraisal separated from residential care. The main reason for separation was death (91%) (Table 5.3). A small proportion (3%) returned to the community, while 3% were discharged to hospital.
Death was the most common reason for separation among residents appraised as having High care needs within the ADL, BEH, and CHC domains (96%, 93% and 95% respectively). As requirements for care decreased, residents were less likely to separate due to death. As might be expected, residents with lower-level care needs were more likely than those with higher care needs to return to the community.

Table 5.3: ACFI level of care for ADL, BEH and CHC at separation, for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by separation mode (per cent)
 	ACFI care level	
Separation mode	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Activities of daily living (ADLs)	
Death	95.7	89.7	78.4	68.5	91.1	
Return to community	1.7	3.5	7.4	14.1	3.2	
To hospital	1.5	3.2	5.7	5.6	2.6	
To other residential care	0.7	2.4	5.5	5.8	1.9	
Unknown	0.5	1.2	3.0	6.0	1.2	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	30,359	13,607	7,468	1,181	52,615	
	Behaviour (BEH)	
Death	92.7	91.6	89.4	86.1	91.1	
Return to community	2.2	3.1	4.2	6.1	3.2	
To hospital	2.4	2.4	2.9	3.2	2.6	
To other residential care	1.7	1.9	2.3	2.6	1.9	
Unknown	1.0	1.1	1.2	2.0	1.2	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	22,971	13,935	10,386	5,323	52,615	
	Complex health care (CHC)	
Death	95.0	91.4	89.2	79.8	91.1	
Return to community	1.8	3.1	3.9	7.5	3.2	
To hospital	1.8	2.5	2.9	5.0	2.6	
To other residential care	0.7	2.0	2.5	4.7	1.9	
Unknown	0.6	1.0	1.5	3.0	1.2	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	17,495	15,480	15,554	4,086	52,615	
5.6	Length of stay by ACFI level of care
The relationship between ACFI levels of care and length of stay for separated residents is complex. This analysis attempts to look for a relationship between the resident’s assessed care needs in each domain and the time they stayed in residential aged care. However, most residents (90%) separate (that is, stop receiving care) because they die, and the cause of death (which is the reason they left care) may not necessarily be a pre-existing condition. In addition, a resident’s overall situation is a combination of the need for care in all three areas, and any existing health conditions. Consequently, this analysis can ever only partially explain the relationship between the residents care needs and length of stay.
•	Residents appraised as High in Complex Health Care were more likely to have a shorter length of stay:
–	29% had been in care for less than 3 months at the time of separation (Table A4.9c)
–	only 28% stayed more than 3 years.
•	In comparison, 39% of residents with High in the BEH domain and 38% of residents with High in the ADL domain stayed more than 3 years (tables A4.9a, A4.9b and 4.9c).
•	Those with High in the ADL domain were more likely than others to have either a short length of stay of less than 3 months, or to stay long-term (5 years or more) (Table A4.9a) while those with either a Medium, Low or Nil appraisal for this domain were more likely to stay around 1 to 3 years.
•	Those with High in the BEH domain were more likely to have longer lengths of stay, with 21% staying 5 years or more compared with 12% of those with a Nil in this domain (Table A4.9b).
5.7	Health conditions
The ACFI allows reporting of up to three of the resident’s most significant diagnoses in each of two categories: mental and behavioural conditions, and other health conditions. The main categories reported for health conditions (excluding mental and behavioural disorders) are provided in Table 5.4.
All permanent residents at 30 June 2010 who had an ACFI appraisal had at least one health condition reported. The data presented here relate to the condition listed first on the survey form.
•	The most common types of condition listed were circulatory system diseases (25%) (Table 5.4). These conditions include heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (including stroke) and hypertension.
•	Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (which includes rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis) were the first condition listed for 17% of residents.
•	Around 8% of residents had endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, as their first listed medical condition.

Table 5.4: First listed medical condition(a) for permanent residents with an ACFI appraisal, by state and territory, 30 June 2010 (excludes mental and behavioural disorders) (per cent)
Diseases (excludes mental and behavioural disorders)	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Circulatory system 	24.3	24.3	25.0	24.0	24.4	24.8	27.6	27.4	24.5	
Musculoskeletal & connective tissue	15.4	15.2	17.8	19.0	22.6	18.4	18.9	15.6	16.9	
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders	7.5	8.7	7.2	7.7	8.6	7.2	6.3	10.5	7.8	
Genitourinary system	5.9	5.3	5.7	6.1	4.6	5.4	3.8	3.9	5.6	
Eye and adnexa	5.8	4.9	5.5	5.6	4.8	5.2	5.9	5.1	5.4	
Nervous system/Parkinson	4.8	5.4	5.2	5.5	6.0	6.1	5.4	9.3	5.3	
Digestive system 	3.4	3.3	4.7	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.9	1.2	3.6	
Respiratory system 	3.2	3.6	3.9	3.7	4.5	3.6	2.5	5.1	3.6	
Injury/poisoning/external	3.2	3.4	2.9	3.3	2.9	3.4	3.1	3.4	3.2	
Neoplasms (tumours/cancers)	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.0	2.7	
Ear and mastoid process	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	1.8	2.6	4.1	0.2	2.2	
Skin and subcutaneous tissue	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.7	1.2	1.5	1.5	
Diseases of the blood	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.8	
Other	19.1	19.1	14.8	14.5	11.4	14.8	13.8	13.7	17.0	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	55,323	41,829	29,209	13,563	15,359	4,172	1,730	409	161,594	
(a)	Coding consistent with the Aged Care Assessment Program (ACAP) data dictionary.
5.8	Dementia and mental illness
Dementia and mental illness have been acknowledged as important challenges to health and aged care policy. Dementia is a highly disabling neurological disorder which is most often experienced by those aged 80 years and over (AIHW 2007).
Diagnoses of up to three mental and behavioural conditions may be recorded in ACFI appraisals. At 30 June 2010:
•	Over three quarters of residents (77%) were reported to have a mental health issue (Table A4.10). This may be an underestimate, as information was missing for nearly 10% of residents.
•	More than half (52%) of the 161,594 permanent residents with ACFI appraisals had a diagnosis of dementia recorded (Figure 5.2). A small number of residents (less than 1%) also had a dementia diagnosis recorded in the fields reserved for medical diagnoses (AIHW observation).
•	Two-fifths of residents with dementia also had a diagnosis of a mental illness.
•	A further 25% of residents had a diagnosis of mental illness without a diagnosis of dementia.
Further information about dementia in aged care residents is available in the AIHW report Dementia among aged care residents: first information from the Aged Care Funding Instrument (AIHW 2011b).
Figure 5.2: Diagnosed dementia and mental illness for permanent aged care residents with an ACFI appraisal, 30 June 2010
Pie chart showing dementia 52.0%, mental illness, no dementia 25.0% and no recorded dementia or other mental illness 23.0%.
Source: Table A4.10.
6	Trends in the use of residential aged care
This chapter presents trend data for selected information about residential aged care in Australia. The time period used varies depending on data availability.
6.1	Overall usage
Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of permanent and respite residents in residential aged care due to the ageing of the population and the corresponding increase in the number of residential places. Of note is the increase in the number and proportion of residents aged 85 years and over (Table 6.1).
From 1999 to 2010:
•	the numbers of permanent residents increased by nearly 30,200 (23%)
–	the proportion of permanent residents who were aged 85 years or over increased by 41%, almost 27,000 additional older residents, from 49% to 56% of all residents
–	in other words, 89% of the increase in permanent residents was accounted for by those 85 years old or over.
•	the numbers of residents receiving residential respite care at 30 June increased by nearly 1,300 (52%).
–	the proportion of respite care residents aged 85 years and over increased by 98%, just over 880 older residents, from 36% to 47% of respite care residents.
–	In other words, 68% of the increase in respite care residents was accounted for by those 85 years or older.
Table 6.1: Trends in resident numbers at 30 June, 1999–2010
Year	All permanent residents	All respite residents	Permanent residents 
(85+ years)	Respite residents 
(85+ years)	Permanent residents (85+ years)
(per cent)	Respite residents (85+ years)
(per cent)	
1999	132,420	2,479	64,638	903	48.8	36.4	
2000	133,387	2,604	66,503	1,034	49.9	39.7	
2001	134,004	2,604	67,402	1,008	50.3	38.7	
2002	136,507	2,422	69,258	1,035	50.7	42.7	
2003	140,297	2,549	71,397	1,024	50.9	40.2	
2004	144,994	2,646	74,229	1,097	51.2	41.5	
2005	149,091	2,819	77,285	1,174	51.8	41.6	
2006	151,737	3,135	80,099	1,334	52.8	42.6	
2007	153,426	3,123	82,871	1,445	54.0	46.3	
2008	157,087	3,163	85,912	1,487	54.7	47.0	
2009	158,885	3,404	88,030	1,644	55.4	48.3	
2010	162,597	3,773	91,462	1,787	56.3	47.4	
The age of residents at admission to residential aged care has also been increasing (Table 6.2). From 1998–99 to 2009–10:
•	the proportion of permanent residents aged 80 years and over at the time of admission increased:
–	nearly 10 percentage points for permanent residents from 64% to 74%
–	around 11 percentage points for respite residents from 60% to 71%
•	the proportion of residents aged 90 years and over increased more slowly:
–	from 15% to 20% for permanent residents and
–	from 12% to 19% for respite residents.
Table 6.2: Proportion of residents aged 80 years and over, and aged 90 years and over
at admission, 1998–99 to 2009–10 (per cent)
Year	Permanent (80+ years)	Respite (80+ years)	Permanent (90+ years)	Respite (90+ years)	
1998–99	64.1	59.7	14.8	12.4	
1999–00	65.2	60.0	15.8	13.5	
2000–01	67.0	61.9	16.8	14.0	
2001–02	68.3	62.6	17.5	14.4	
2002–03	69.0	64.2	18.2	15.2	
2003–04	70.0	65.2	18.3	16.0	
2004–05	70.0	65.0	18.9	16.4	
2005–06	70.9	66.3	19.4	17.0	
2006–07	71.5	67.9	19.9	18.0	
2007–08	72.7	68.9	20.3	18.5	
2008–09	73.0	69.9	20.5	18.7	
2009–10	73.6	70.9	20.4	19.0	
Note: Transfers are excluded from admissions.
6.2	Admissions, separations, and completed length of stay
From 1998–99 to 2009–10, consistent with the increased supply of places, both permanent and respite admissions rose, as did the number of separations from permanent and respite care (Table 6.3). Average completed length of stay in permanent care increased during this period, while length of stay in respite care remained much the same.
For permanent care:
•	the number of admissions increased by 28% (just under 12,700)
•	the number of separations from care increased by 23% (around 10,100), and
•	the average completed length of stay for residents:
–	increased by approximately fourteen weeks (11%)
–	varied somewhat over the 10 year period from 142.4 weeks in 2000–01 to a high of 147.8 weeks in 2007–08.
For respite care:
•	admissions increased by 41% (just under 16,700)
•	separations increased by 40% (16,200)
•	the average completed length of stay remained relatively stable during this time at three to three and a half weeks.
Table 6.3: Admissions, separations and completed length of stay in residential aged care,
1998–99 to 2009–10
Year	Permanent admissions	Respite admissions	Permanent separations	Respite separations	Average completed length of stay (permanent, weeks)	Average completed length of stay (respite, weeks)	
1998–99	45,258	40,806	44,079	40,939	131.3	3.5	
1999–00	45,476	42,531	44,615	42,422	137.0	3.3	
2000–01	46,545	43,606	45,481	43,586	142.4	3.2	
2001–02	47,345	43,309	45,284	43,503	145.5	3.2	
2002–03	51,200	45,445	47,467	45,334	143.0	3.1	
2003–04	53,356	46,632	48,723	46,544	143.7	3.1	
2004–05	52,462	48,295	48,503	48,120	143.3	3.1	
2005–06	52,964	49,727	50,720	49,402	145.8	3.1	
2006–07	52,196	50,987	51,026	50,977	145.9	3.3	
2007–08	53,737	51,293	53,819	51,280	147.8	3.3	
2008–09	56,983	54,535	55,310	54,291	147.0	3.4	
2009–10	57,937	57,503	54,193	57,139	145.1	3.4	
Note: Transfers are excluded from admissions and separations.
6.3	Transition from respite care to permanent care
Residential respite care plays an important role in the aged care system. Just under half of all admissions to residential aged care in 2009–10 were for respite care (Table 6.3), and a substantial proportion of respite residents were subsequently admitted into permanent residential care (Table 6.4).
In 2009–10, there were 57,503 respite admissions for nearly 41,900 individuals.
•	Just under half (49%) of these individuals were then admitted to permanent care.
•	Over one-third (36%) of the respite admissions resulted in permanent admissions.

Table 6.4: Respite residents and permanent residential aged care activity, 1999–00 to 2009–10
Year	Number of respite admissions	Respite residents	Permanent admissions following respite admission (1 per resident)	Permanent admissions following respite admission (%)	Respite residents admitted for permanent care (%)	
1999–00	40,806	32,902	14,017	30.1	42.6	
2000–01	42,531	33,263	14,288	30.0	43.0	
2001–02	43,606	32,871	13,934	29.5	42.4	
2002–03	43,309	34,193	14,661	29.6	42.9	
2003–04	45,445	35,021	15,098	29.8	43.1	
2004–05	46,632	36,181	15,361	29.2	42.5	
2005–06	48,295	37,505	16,325	30.0	43.5	
2006–07	49,727	38,919	17,341	31.0	44.6	
2007–08	50,987	39,530	17,729	31.5	44.8	
2008–09	54,535	41,972	19,250	32.2	45.9	
2009–10	57,503	41,847	20,499	35.6	49.0	
6.4	Permanent residents and usage rates by age
Between 2000 and 2010 there was a steady increase in both the number and proportion of permanent residents aged 85 years or older (Table 6.5):
•	The proportion of those aged 85 or older increased steadily from 50% of permanent residents at 30 June 2000 to 56% at 30 June 2010. This represents an increase from 66,500 to nearly 91,500 people.
•	While there has been an increase of just under 5,200 in this period, the numbers of residents aged 80 to 84 years peaked at 33,600 residents 2005 and has fluctuated between around 33,000 to 33,200 over the last four years, and the proportion of residents in this age group has been slowly decreasing since 2004.
•	In contrast, the number and percentage of residents in all of the younger age groups has generally changed little or decreased over this ten year period.
Usage rates per 1,000 population in each age group generally declined over the period in all age groups (Table 6.6).
•	The strongest decline was in the 85 years and over age group, which dropped from 263.2 per 1,000 in 2000 to 229.7 per 1,000 in 2010.
•	This was followed by the 80–84 years age group, where usage rates fell from 90.5 to 75.5 per 1,000.

Table 6.5: Permanent aged care residents at 30 June, by age group, 2000–2010
Age group (years)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	
	Number	
<65	6,004	5,948	5,984	6,073	6,240	6,483	6,562	6,467	6,606	6,509	6,476	
65–69	4,395	4,237	4,317	4,389	4,439	4,613	4,705	4,840	4,951	5,194	5,273	
70–74	9,578	9,368	8,999	8,783	8,720	8,503	8,344	8,298	8,626	8,756	9,141	
75–79	18,936	18,450	18,286	18,457	18,454	18,614	18,591	18,005	17,764	17,294	17,096	
80–84	27,971	28,599	29,663	31,198	32,912	33,593	33,436	32,945	33,228	33,102	33,149	
85+	66,503	67,402	69,258	71,397	74,229	77,285	80,099	82,871	85,912	88,030	91,462	
Total	133,387	134,004	136,507	140,297	144,994	149,091	151,737	153,426	157,087	158,885	162,597	
	Per cent	
<65	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.0	
65–69	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	
70–74	7.2	7.0	6.6	6.3	6.0	5.7	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.6	
75–79	14.2	13.8	13.4	13.2	12.7	12.5	12.3	11.7	11.3	10.9	10.5	
80–84	21.0	21.3	21.7	22.2	22.7	22.5	22.0	21.5	21.2	20.8	20.4	
85+	49.9	50.3	50.7	50.9	51.2	51.8	52.8	54.0	54.7	55.4	56.3	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Table 6.6: Usage rates for permanent aged care, by age group, 2000–2010 (as at 30 June) (per 1,000 population)
Age group (years)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	
<65	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	
65–69	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.9	6.0	6.0	5.8	
70–74	15.1	14.7	14.1	13.9	13.9	13.6	12.9	13.2	13.0	12.8	12.9	
75–79	37.3	35.5	34.6	34.2	33.6	33.7	32.7	33.3	32.3	31.5	31.0	
80–84	90.5	86.7	85.1	85.0	85.2	83.7	79.5	81.2	78.5	76.8	75.5	
85+	263.2	254.1	250.2	249.2	248.8	245.3	240.3	237.0	235.5	229.6	229.7	
Total	7.0	6.9	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.4	7.3	7.3	
6.5	Occupancy rates
Between 1998-99 and 2009-10, the occupancy rate at the national level fluctuated in a narrow band between 92% and 96%, but with a declining trend since 2002-03 (Table 6.7):
•	Over this period, South Australia and Tasmania averaged high occupancy rates with little variation.
•	The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory showed greater variability.
While the number of residential care places has been increasing over this period, so has the availability of Commonwealth-funded packaged care for people who are eligible for residential aged care. The objective of these alternatives is to allow people to stay at home as long as possible and has no doubt had some influence on occupancy rates in residential aged care.
•	At 30 June 2010 there were:
–	43,300 Community Aged Care Packages compared with 13,896 at 30 June 1999 (Table 2.1)
–	8,167 EACH and EACH Dementia packages, neither of which program existed in 1999
–	2,698 Transition Care places, each of which can help around 6 people a year and has been successful in helping people leaving hospital return to the community (AIHW 2011c).
•	People who are eligible for residential aged care may also be using other community care programs such as Home and Community Care and the National Respite for Carers Program, to help them stay in their own homes.
Table 6.7: Average residential occupancy rate by state/territory, 1998–99 to 2009–10 (per cent)
Year	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
1998–99	95.9	94.5	96.3	94.8	96.4	97.8	94.8	94.7	95.7	
1999–00	95.6	94.4	95.9	95.1	97.3	97.8	93.2	95.1	95.5	
2000–01	95.9	94.8	96.6	94.7	97.6	97.5	95.6	93.5	95.9	
2001–02	95.3	94.9	96.4	92.9	97.7	97.7	97.7	91.9	95.5	
2002–03	96.4	94.7	96.4	95.6	97.3	97.8	97.7	94.7	96.0	
2003–04	96.1	94.4	96.5	95.7	97.2	97.5	98.0	90.9	95.9	
2004–05	95.2	94.1	96.2	94.8	97.5	96.9	98.3	93.9	95.3	
2005–06	95.4	93.0	96.0	94.9	97.6	96.0	97.9	95.1	95.1	
2006–07	94.3	92.5	94.9	94.6	97.6	95.9	96.3	94.9	94.3	
2007–08	93.4	92.2	93.5	94.2	96.8	95.1	93.2	92.2	93.5	
2008–09	92.6	91.4	92.3	94.1	96.0	93.8	92.4	89.0	92.7	
2009–10	92.3	91.2	91.1	93.9	95.8	96.0	91.5	89.0	92.3	
Note
 Refer to Table 4.9 for the method of calculating annual average occupancy rates.
Appendix 1: Residential aged care services and provision
Table A1.1: The number of new aged care places allocated to approved providers through
the Aged Care Approvals Round process, 1995–96 to 2009–10
Year	Low-care residential places	High-care residential places	CACPs	EACH and EACHD	
1995–96	929	324	2,055	. .	
1996–97	948	310	2,825	. .	
1997–98	0	0	0	. .	
1998–99	1,981	285	3,657	. .	
1999–00	2,551	395	4,275	. .	
2000–01	7,164	478	6,532	. .	
2001–02	4,245	2,041	1,711	. .	
2002–03	3,373	2,206	982	255	
2003–04	3,784	2,105	911	860	
2004–05	5,315	3,590	2,020	900	
2005–06	3,099	2,129	4,307	1,567	
2006–07	2,692	2,043	1,976	1,202	
2007–08	2,110	4,415	2,377	1,616	
2008–09	1,983	3,765	2,944	1,755	
2009–10	0	0	0	0	
. . Not applicable.

Table A1.2: Number of residential aged care facilities, by state/territory and remoteness(a), 
30 June 2010
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	All regions	
Number	
NSW	558	234	88	7	0	887	
Vic	483	215	71	4	. .	773	
Qld	260	131	71	10	8	480	
WA	182	28	24	4	6	244	
SA	184	36	44	3	0	267	
Tas	. .	48	26	3	4	81	
ACT	26	0	. .	. .	. .	26	
NT	. .	. .	5	5	4	14	
Australia	1,693	692	329	36	22	2,772	
Per cent (row)	
NSW	62.9	26.4	9.9	0.8	0.0	100.0	
Vic	62.5	27.8	9.2	0.5	. .	100.0	
Qld	54.2	27.3	14.8	2.1	1.7	100.0	
WA	74.6	11.5	9.8	1.6	2.5	100.0	
SA	68.9	13.5	16.5	1.1	0.0	100.0	
Tas		59.3	32.1	3.7	4.9	100.0	
ACT	100.0	0.0	. .	. .	. .	100.0	
NT	. .	. .	35.7	35.7	28.6	100.0	
Australia	61.1	25.0	11.9	1.3	0.8	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.

Table A1.3: Trends in the number and size of residential aged care services, 30 June 1998 to 30 June 2010
Places	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	
	Number	
1–20	396	378	362	335	322	284	266	246	230	213	196	184	179	
21–40	1,194	1,188	1,163	1,120	1,069	999	939	874	834	762	695	626	586	
41–60	831	852	867	880	888	885	901	921	927	887	848	822	795	
61–80	322	325	337	357	376	403	434	458	455	469	475	485	487	
81–100	141	146	146	149	164	188	200	220	240	252	270	295	311	
101–120	64	70	71	75	77	87	95	107	123	140	174	177	200	
121+	67	59	59	61	65	81	97	107	122	149	172	194	214	
Total	3,015	3,018	3,005	2,977	2,961	2,927	2,932	2,933	2,931	2,872	2,830	2,783	2,772	
	Per cent	
1–20	13.1	12.5	12	11.3	10.9	9.7	9.1	8.4	7.8	7.4	6.9	6.6	6.5	
21–40	39.6	39.4	38.7	37.6	36.1	34.1	32	29.8	28.5	26.5	24.6	22.5	21.1	
41–60	27.6	28.2	28.9	29.6	30	30.2	30.7	31.4	31.6	30.9	30	29.5	28.7	
61–80	10.7	10.8	11.2	12	12.7	13.8	14.8	15.6	15.5	16.3	16.8	17.4	17.6	
81–100	4.7	4.8	4.9	5	5.5	6.4	6.8	7.5	8.2	8.8	9.5	10.6	11.2	
101–120	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.6	3	3.2	3.6	4.2	4.9	6.1	6.4	7.2	
121+	2.2	2	2	2	2.2	2.8	3.3	3.6	4.2	5.2	6.1	7.0	7.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

Table A1.4: Size of aged care facilities, by state and territory(a), 30 June 2010
Places	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
1–20	40	66	33	13	7	12	1	7	179	
21–40	158	180	92	59	73	19	2	3	586	
41–60	247	241	130	66	81	24	4	2	795	
61–80	182	105	86	51	43	9	10	1	487	
81–100	104	86	53	27	31	7	3	0	311	
101–120	64	53	42	18	15	5	3	0	200	
121+	92	42	44	10	17	5	3	1	214	
Total	887	773	480	244	267	81	26	14	2,772	
	Per cent	
1–20	4.5	8.5	6.9	5.3	2.6	14.8	3.8	50.0	6.5	
21–40	17.8	23.3	19.2	24.2	27.3	23.5	7.7	21.4	21.1	
41–60	27.8	31.2	27.1	27.0	30.3	29.6	15.4	14.3	28.7	
61–80	20.5	13.6	17.9	20.9	16.1	11.1	38.5	7.1	17.6	
81–100	11.7	11.1	11.0	11.1	11.6	8.6	11.5	0.0	11.2	
101–120	7.2	6.9	8.8	7.4	5.6	6.2	11.5	0.0	7.2	
121+	10.4	5.4	9.2	4.1	6.4	6.2	11.5	7.1	7.7	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities.

Table A1.5: Size of aged care facilities, by remoteness(a), 30 June 2010
Number of places	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
	Number	
1–20	24	59	62	17	17	179	
21–40 	273	183	117	9	4	586	
41–60 	507	195	86	6	1	795	
61–80 	329	123	32	3	0	487	
81–100 	222	68	20	1	0	311	
101–120 	165	30	5	0	0	200	
121+ 	173	34	7	0	0	214	
Australia	1,693	692	329	36	22	2,772	
	Per cent	
1–20	1.4	8.5	18.8	47.2	77.3	6.5	
21–40 	16.1	26.4	35.6	25.0	18.2	21.1	
41–60 	29.9	28.2	26.1	16.7	4.5	28.7	
61–80 	19.4	17.8	9.7	8.3	0.0	17.6	
81–100 	13.1	9.8	6.1	2.8	0.0	11.2	
101–120 	9.7	4.3	1.5	0.0	0.0	7.2	
121+ 	10.2	4.9	2.1	0.0	0.0	7.7	
Australia	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.

Table A1.6: Number of residential aged care facilities, by provider type and state/territory(a), 
30 June 2010
Organisation type	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Not-for-profit										
Charitable 	217	55	60	36	62	15	8	1	454	
Community-based 	159	117	65	33	48	22	3	4	451	
Religious 	231	109	211	92	68	27	11	9	758	
Total not-for-profit	607	281	336	161	178	64	22	14	1,663	
Government										
Local government 	21	13	8	8	6	2	0	0	58	
State government 	15	177	20	2	23	8	0	0	245	
Total government	36	190	28	10	29	10	0	0	303	
Private										
Total private	244	302	116	73	60	7	4	0	806	
Total services	887	773	480	244	267	81	26	14	2,772	
	Per cent	
Not-for-profit										
Charitable 	24.5	7.1	12.5	14.8	23.2	18.5	30.8	7.1	16.4	
Community-based 	17.9	15.1	13.5	13.5	18.0	27.2	11.5	28.6	16.3	
Religious 	26.0	14.1	44.0	37.7	25.5	33.3	42.3	64.3	27.3	
Total not-for-profit	68.4	36.4	70.0	66.0	66.7	79.0	84.6	100.0	60.0	
Government										
Local government 	2.4	1.7	1.7	3.3	2.2	2.5	0.0	0.0	2.1	
State government 	1.7	22.9	4.2	0.8	8.6	9.9	0.0	0.0	8.8	
Total government	4.1	24.6	5.9	4.1	10.8	12.4	0.0	0.0	10.9	
Private										
Total private	27.5	39.1	24.2	29.9	22.5	8.6	15.4	0.0	29.1	
Total services	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities.

Table A1.7: Number of residential aged care facilities, by provider type and remoteness(a), 
30 June 2010
Organisation type	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
	Number	
Not-for-profit							
Charitable 	294	106	50	2	2	454	
Community-based 	154	173	104	14	6	451	
Religious 	504	178	61	7	8	758	
Total not-for-profit	952	457	215	23	16	1,663	
Government							
Local government 	21	12	20	4	1	58	
State government 	45	119	68	9	4	245	
Total government	66	131	88	13	5	303	
Private							
Total private	675	104	26	0	1	806	
Total services	1,693	692	329	36	22	2,772	
	Per cent	
Not-for-profit							
Charitable 	17.4	15.3	15.2	5.6	9.1	16.4	
Community-based 	9.1	25.0	31.6	38.9	27.3	16.3	
Religious 	29.8	25.7	18.5	19.4	36.4	27.3	
Total not-for-profit	56.2	66.0	65.3	63.9	72.7	60.0	
Government							
Local government 	1.2	1.7	6.1	11.1	4.5	2.1	
State government 	2.7	17.2	20.7	25.0	18.2	8.8	
Total government	3.9	18.9	26.7	36.1	22.7	10.9	
Private							
Total private	39.9	15.0	7.9	0.0	4.5	29.1	
Total services	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.

Table A1.8: Operational Extra Service places, by state/territory and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010
State/territory	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Total	
	Number	
NSW	3,484	613	83	0	4,180	
Vic	3,837	326	36	0	4,199	
Qld	2,101	266	119	0	2,486	
WA	928	184	68	0	1,180	
SA	896	118	15	16	1,045	
Tas	0	237	38	0	275	
ACT	186	0	0	0	186	
Australia	11,432	1,744	359	16	13,551	
	Per cent (column)	
NSW	30.5	35.1	23.1	0.0	30.8	
Vic	33.6	18.7	10.0	0.0	31.0	
Qld	18.4	15.3	33.1	0.0	18.3	
WA	8.1	10.6	18.9	0.0	8.7	
SA	7.8	6.8	4.2	100.0	7.7	
Tas	0.0	13.6	10.6	0.0	2.0	
ACT	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.4	
Australia	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
	Per cent (row)	
NSW	83.3	14.7	2.0	0.0	100.0	
Vic	91.4	7.8	0.9	0.0	100.0	
Qld	84.5	10.7	4.8	0.0	100.0	
WA	78.6	15.6	5.8	0.0	100.0	
SA	85.7	11.3	1.4	1.5	100.0	
Tas	0.0	86.2	13.8	0.0	100.0	
ACT	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	
Australia	84.4	12.9	2.6	0.1	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.

Table A1.9: Residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP places per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over, by state/territory and remoteness,(a) 30 June 2010
State/territory	Major
 cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very
 remote	Total (70+)	Total (70+ population and Indigenous population aged 50–69 years)	
	Ratio	
	Residential places	
NSW	88.9	87.3	77.2	68.1	30.0	87.5	85.2	
Vic	88.5	89.3	76.4	75.7	0.0	87.9	87.2	
Qld	89.4	76.6	80.3	80.5	81.4	84.8	81.3	
WA	84.6	66.1	79.8	67.4	102.4	81.0	77.6	
SA	95.7	82.5	84.1	74.1	166.7	92.4	90.8	
Tas	. .	93.9	65.9	94.3	76.7	84.4	82.5	
ACT	80.4	0.0	. .	. .	. .	80.4	79.7	
NT	. .	. .	62.7	142.9	144.0	91.2	44.3	
Australia	88.9	84.5	77.5	78.3	103.7	86.8	84.3	
	CACP	
NSW	20.3	20.9	14.1	16.9	50.0	20.0	19.4	
Vic	21.4	16.6	14.1	20.0	0.0	19.8	19.7	
Qld	20.2	18.3	22.0	37.1	72.1	20.6	19.7	
WA	22.5	16.9	21.9	41.9	25.3	22.1	21.2	
SA	19.2	25.2	15.2	15.7	66.7	19.6	19.3	
Tas	. .	24.6	13.1	45.7	50.0	21.2	20.7	
ACT	24.1	0.0	. .	. .	. .	24.1	23.8	
NT	. .	. .	48.9	121.4	324.0	104.3	50.6	
Australia	20.7	19.5	17.5	35.3	93.8	20.5	20.0	
	EACH and EACHD	
NSW	3.4	3.8	3.4	0.0	0.0	3.5	3.4	
Vic	3.5	3.9	3.2	2.9	0.0	3.6	3.6	
Qld	4.1	4.3	2.6	0.7	3.1	3.9	3.7	
WA	6.0	5.0	3.3	3.2	0.0	5.4	5.2	
SA	3.2	3.1	3.5	3.1	0.0	3.2	3.2	
Tas	. .	5.9	1.3	2.9	0.0	4.3	4.2	
ACT	7.8	0.0	. .	. .	. .	7.8	7.7	
NT	. .	. .	22.7	27.1	0.0	20.3	9.9	
Australia	3.9	4.1	3.4	3.5	1.3	3.9	3.8	
(continued)

Table A1.9 (continued): Residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over, by state/territory and remoteness,(a) 30 June 2010
State/territory	Major
 cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very
 remote	Total (70+)	Total (70+ population and Indigenous population aged 50–69 years)	
	Ratio	
	TCP	
NSW	1.3	1.6	0.9	0.0	0.0	1.3	1.3	
Vic	1.4	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.3	1.2	
Qld	1.2	1.1	1.9	0.0	0.0	1.2	1.2	
WA	1.3	0.7	1.9	0.0	0.0	1.2	1.1	
SA	1.3	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	1.2	
Tas		2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.5	
ACT	1.6	0.0	. .	. .	. .	1.6	1.6	
NT	. .	. .	3.9	8.6	0.0	4.3	2.1	
Australia	1.3	1.4	1.0	0.6	0.0	1.3	1.2	
	Combined places and packages	
NSW	113.9	113.6	95.7	85.0	80.0	112.2	109.3	
Vic	114.8	110.8	93.7	98.6	0.0	112.6	111.7	
Qld	114.9	100.2	106.7	118.3	156.6	110.5	105.9	
WA	114.3	88.6	107.0	112.6	127.6	109.7	105.1	
SA	119.4	113.5	102.7	92.9	233.3	116.4	114.4	
Tas	. .	126.7	80.4	142.9	126.7	111.4	108.9	
ACT	113.9	0.0	. .	. .	. .	113.9	112.9	
NT	. .	. .	138.2	300.0	468.0	220.0	106.8	
Australia	114.9	109.6	99.4	117.7	198.7	112.5	109.3	
(a)	Refers to the location of the places. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure as developed by the ABS.
(b)	Includes 2,583 EACH D. For more information see AIHW 2011a.
. .	Not applicable.
Notes
1.	These figures include places and packages provided by Multi-purpose Services and places and packages funded under the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program.
2. 	The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population aged 50–69 years uses ABS projections (ABS 2009).
Appendix 2: Resident characteristics
Table A2.1: Permanent and respite residents, by sex and age group, 30 June 2010
	Permanent	Respite	All residents	
Age (years)	Number	Per cent	Number	Per cent	Number 	Per cent	
Females							
under 65	2,938	1.8	85	2.3	3,023	1.8	
65–69	2,581	1.6	70	1.9	2,651	1.6	
70–74	4,910	3.0	152	4.0	5,062	3.0	
75–79	10,346	6.4	251	6.7	10,597	6.4	
80–84	22,807	14.0	570	15.1	23,377	14.1	
85–89	34,529	21.2	709	18.8	35,238	21.2	
90–94	24,901	15.3	405	10.7	25,306	15.2	
95+	11,614	7.1	129	3.4	11,743	7.1	
Subtotal females	114,626	70.5	2,371	62.8	116,997	70.3	
Males							
under 65	3,538	2.2	81	2.1	3,619	2.2	
65–69	2,692	1.7	75	2.0	2,767	1.7	
70–74	4,231	2.6	143	3.8	4,374	2.6	
75–79	6,750	4.2	199	5.3	6,949	4.2	
80–84	10,342	6.4	360	9.5	10,702	6.4	
85–89	11,624	7.1	324	8.6	11,948	7.2	
90–94	6,640	4.1	182	4.8	6,822	4.1	
95+	2,154	1.3	38	1.0	2,192	1.3	
Subtotal males	47,971	29.5	1,402	37.2	49,373	29.7	
Persons							
under 65	6,476	4.0	166	4.4	6,642	4.0	
65–69	5,273	3.2	145	3.8	5,418	3.3	
70–74	9,141	5.6	295	7.8	9,436	5.7	
75–79	17,096	10.5	450	11.9	17,546	10.5	
80–84	33,149	20.4	930	24.6	34,079	20.5	
85–89	46,153	28.4	1,033	27.4	47,186	28.4	
90–94	31,541	19.4	587	15.6	32,128	19.3	
95+	13,768	8.5	167	4.4	13,935	8.4	
Total persons	162,597	100.0	3,773	100.0	166,370	100.0	

Table A2.2: All residents by age, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Age group (years)	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Females		
under 65	2.6	2.3	3.0	2.5	2.2	2.8	2.4	12.9	2.6	
65–69	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.0	2.5	2.1	8.0	2.3	
70–74	4.3	4.1	4.5	4.6	4.1	4.5	4.2	11.0	4.3	
75–79	9.0	9.1	9.4	9.1	8.3	10.0	8.8	14.1	9.1	
80–84	19.9	20.1	20.0	19.8	20.0	19.3	21.8	16.7	20.0	
85–89	30.3	30.4	29.9	28.7	30.6	29.2	31.7	24.3	30.1	
90–94	21.9	21.5	21.2	21.9	21.8	22.6	19.3	10.3	21.6	
95+	9.9	10.2	9.6	10.8	11.0	9.1	9.7	2.7	10.0	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	40,109	30,350	20,662	9,854	11,432	3,060	1,267	263	116,997	
Males										
under 65	8.1	6.8	7.5	7.6	5.5	6.8	7.9	14.4	7.3	
65–69	5.6	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.1	6.3	5.7	12.1	5.6	
70–74	9.0	8.6	9.5	10.2	6.8	7.1	7.9	15.5	8.9	
75–79	14.4	14.0	14.6	13.8	12.7	13.9	11.2	14.4	14.1	
80–84	21.6	21.6	21.2	21.9	22.9	22.6	19.9	25.9	21.7	
85–89	24.0	24.7	23.7	22.8	26.4	23.3	27.2	9.8	24.2	
90–94	13.4	14.1	13.4	13.1	15.8	15.4	16.4	6.3	13.8	
95+	4.0	4.9	4.4	4.8	4.8	4.7	3.9	1.7	4.4	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	17,199	12,642	9,259	4,000	4,358	1,197	544	174	49,373	
Persons										
under 65	4.2	3.6	4.4	3.9	3.1	3.9	4.0	13.5	4.0	
65–69	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.5	2.8	3.5	3.1	9.6	3.3	
70–74	5.8	5.4	6.1	6.2	4.8	5.2	5.3	12.8	5.7	
75–79	10.6	10.5	11.0	10.4	9.6	11.1	9.6	14.2	10.5	
80–84	20.4	20.6	20.4	20.4	20.8	20.2	21.2	20.4	20.5	
85–89	28.4	28.7	28.0	27.0	29.4	27.6	30.4	18.5	28.4	
90–94	19.3	19.3	18.8	19.4	20.2	20.6	18.4	8.7	19.3	
95+	8.1	8.6	8.0	9.1	9.3	7.8	8.0	2.3	8.4	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	57,308	42,992	29,921	13,854	15,790	4,257	1,811	437	166,370	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A2.3: All residents by age, sex and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Age group (years)	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
Females							
under 65	2.5	2.5	3.2	6.7	18.8	2.6	
65–69	2.2	2.3	2.5	4.1	5.4	2.3	
70–74	4.2	4.6	4.6	8.1	10.7	4.3	
75–79	8.9	9.1	10.1	10.8	14.1	9.1	
80–84	20.1	19.8	19.7	19.1	13.4	20.0	
85–89	30.3	30.0	29.3	25.4	23.5	30.1	
90–94	21.6	22.0	21.2	17.7	8.7	21.6	
95+	10.2	9.8	9.4	8.0	5.4	10.0	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total(number)	80,668	26,631	8,922	627	149	116,997	
Males							
under 65	7.5	6.4	7.8	15.0	21.8	7.3	
65–69	5.8	4.7	6.2	8.8	8.1	5.6	
70–74	8.7	9.1	9.3	11.2	14.5	8.9	
75–79	13.9	14.3	14.7	13.9	16.9	14.1	
80–84	21.4	22.4	21.8	25.1	10.5	21.7	
85–89	24.5	24.0	23.4	12.7	17.7	24.2	
90–94	13.8	14.6	12.5	10.3	8.1	13.8	
95+	4.5	4.4	4.2	2.9	2.4	4.4	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total(number)	33,406	11,311	4,193	339	124	49,373	
Persons							
under 65	3.9	3.7	4.6	9.6	20.1	4.0	
65–69	3.3	3.0	3.7	5.8	6.6	3.3	
70–74	5.5	5.9	6.1	9.2	12.5	5.7	
75–79	10.4	10.7	11.6	11.9	15.4	10.5	
80–84	20.5	20.5	20.4	21.2	12.1	20.5	
85–89	28.6	28.2	27.4	20.9	20.9	28.4	
90–94	19.3	19.8	18.5	15.1	8.4	19.3	
95+	8.5	8.2	7.7	6.2	4.0	8.4	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total (number)	114,074	37,942	13,115	966	273	166,370	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.

Table A2.4: Permanent and respite residents, by sex and marital status, 30 June 2010
 	Permanent	Respite	
Marital status	Number	Per cent	Number	Per cent	
Females					
Divorced	5,963	5.2	126	5.3	
Married/de facto	23,043	20.1	543	22.9	
Separated	1,373	1.2	27	1.1	
Single	8,110	7.1	127	5.4	
Widowed	74,498	65.0	1,531	64.6	
Not reported	1,639	1.4	17	0.7	
Total females	114,626	100.0	2,371	100.0	
Males					
Divorced	4,767	9.9	99	7.1	
Married/de facto	20,686	43.1	803	57.3	
Separated	1,747	3.6	32	2.3	
Single	7,232	15.1	110	7.8	
Widowed	12,580	26.2	350	25.0	
Not reported	959	2.0	8	0.6	
Total males	47,971	100.0	1,402	100.0	
Persons					
Divorced	10,730	6.6	225	6.0	
Married/de facto	43,729	26.9	1,346	35.7	
Separated	3,120	1.9	59	1.6	
Single	15,342	9.4	237	6.3	
Widowed	87,078	53.6	1,881	49.9	
Not reported	2,598	1.6	25	0.7	
Total persons	162,597	100.0	3,773	100.0	

Table A2.5: Marital status of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Sex/marital status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	TAS	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
Divorced	2,064	1,445	1,057	572	553	146	103	23	5,963	
Married/de facto	7,491	6,144	4,157	1,968	2,377	627	237	42	23,043	
Separated	445	348	249	167	97	33	19	15	1,373	
Single	3,077	2,190	1,419	531	645	168	65	15	8,110	
Widowed	25,446	19,185	13,121	6,366	7,412	2,029	792	147	74,498	
Not reported	549	460	340	125	116	19	20	10	1,639	
Total females	39,072	29,772	20,343	9,729	11,200	3,022	1,236	252	114,626	
Males										
Divorced	1,692	1,090	970	428	364	127	70	26	4,767	
Married/de facto	6,807	5,502	3,915	1,682	1,988	523	236	33	20,686	
Separated	643	409	326	169	137	31	15	17	1,747	
Single	2,755	1,839	1,361	526	505	152	54	40	7,232	
Widowed	4,359	3,230	2,305	1,019	1,162	323	143	39	12,580	
Not reported	331	258	207	79	59	15	6	4	959	
Total males	16,587	12,328	9,084	3,903	4,215	1,171	524	159	47,971	
Persons										
Divorced	3,756	2,535	2,027	1,000	917	273	173	49	10,730	
Married/de facto	14,298	11,646	8,072	3,650	4,365	1,150	473	75	43,729	
Separated	1,088	757	575	336	234	64	34	32	3,120	
Single	5,832	4,029	2,780	1,057	1,150	320	119	55	15,342	
Widowed	29,805	22,415	15,426	7,385	8,574	2,352	935	186	87,078	
Not reported	880	718	547	204	175	34	26	14	2,598	
Total persons	55,659	42,100	29,427	13,632	15,415	4,193	1,760	411	162,597	
(continued)

Table A2.5 (continued): Marital status of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 
30 June 2010
Sex/marital status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	TAS	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
Divorced	5.3	4.9	5.2	5.9	4.9	4.8	8.3	9.1	5.2	
Married/de facto	19.2	20.6	20.4	20.2	21.2	20.7	19.2	16.7	20.1	
Separated	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.7	0.9	1.1	1.5	6.0	1.2	
Single	7.9	7.4	7.0	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.3	6.0	7.1	
Widowed	65.1	64.4	64.5	65.4	66.2	67.1	64.1	58.3	65.0	
Not reported	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.3	1.0	0.6	1.6	4.0	1.4	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Divorced	10.2	8.8	10.7	11.0	8.6	10.8	13.4	16.4	9.9	
Married/de facto	41.0	44.6	43.1	43.1	47.2	44.7	45.0	20.8	43.1	
Separated	3.9	3.3	3.6	4.3	3.3	2.6	2.9	10.7	3.6	
Single	16.6	14.9	15.0	13.5	12.0	13.0	10.3	25.2	15.1	
Widowed	26.3	26.2	25.4	26.1	27.6	27.6	27.3	24.5	26.2	
Not reported	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.0	1.4	1.3	1.1	2.5	2.0	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Divorced	6.7	6.0	6.9	7.3	5.9	6.5	9.8	11.9	6.6	
Married/de facto	25.7	27.7	27.4	26.8	28.3	27.4	26.9	18.2	26.9	
Separated	2.0	1.8	2.0	2.5	1.5	1.5	1.9	7.8	1.9	
Single	10.5	9.6	9.4	7.8	7.5	7.6	6.8	13.4	9.4	
Widowed	53.5	53.2	52.4	54.2	55.6	56.1	53.1	45.3	53.6	
Not reported	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5	3.4	1.6	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A2.6: Marital status of respite residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010	
Sex/marital status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	TAS	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
Divorced	56	21	15	10	13	8	3	0	126	
Married/de facto	230	133	83	28	53	6	8	2	543	
Separated	9	10	5	1	2	0	0	0	27	
Single	75	28	12	2	9	0	1	0	127	
Widowed	659	383	200	82	155	24	19	9	1,531	
Not reported	8	3	4	2	0	0	0	0	17	
Total females	1,037	578	319	125	232	38	31	11	2,371	
Males										
Divorced	51	18	14	5	8	2	1	0	99	
Married/de facto	324	195	108	59	86	14	13	4	803	
Separated	16	5	2	3	2	1	1	2	32	
Single	63	18	8	9	5	2	0	5	110	
Widowed	154	75	43	21	41	7	5	4	350	
Not reported	4	3	0	0	1	0	0	0	8	
Total males	612	314	175	97	143	26	20	15	1,402	
Persons										
Divorced	107	39	29	15	21	10	4	0	225	
Married/de facto	554	328	191	87	139	20	21	6	1,346	
Separated	25	15	7	4	4	1	1	2	59	
Single	138	46	20	11	14	2	1	5	237	
Widowed	813	458	243	103	196	31	24	13	1,881	
Not reported	12	6	4	2	1	0	0	0	25	
Total persons	1,649	892	494	222	375	64	51	26	3,773	
(continued)

Table A2.6 (continued): Marital status of respite residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Sex/marital status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	TAS	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
Divorced	5.4	3.6	4.7	8.0	5.6	21.1	9.7	0.0	5.3	
Married/de facto	22.2	23.0	26.0	22.4	22.8	15.8	25.8	18.2	22.9	
Separated	0.9	1.7	1.6	0.8	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	
Single	7.2	4.8	3.8	1.6	3.9	0.0	3.2	0.0	5.4	
Widowed	63.5	66.3	62.7	65.6	66.8	63.2	61.3	81.8	64.6	
Not reported	0.8	0.5	1.3	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Divorced	8.3	5.7	8.0	5.2	5.6	7.7	5.0	0.0	7.1	
Married/de facto	52.9	62.1	61.7	60.8	60.1	53.8	65.0	26.7	57.3	
Separated	2.6	1.6	1.1	3.1	1.4	3.8	5.0	13.3	2.3	
Single	10.3	5.7	4.6	9.3	3.5	7.7	0.0	33.3	7.8	
Widowed	25.2	23.9	24.6	21.6	28.7	26.9	25.0	26.7	25.0	
Not reported	0.7	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Divorced	6.5	4.4	5.9	6.8	5.6	15.6	7.8	0.0	6.0	
Married/de facto	33.6	36.8	38.7	39.2	37.1	31.3	41.2	23.1	35.7	
Separated	1.5	1.7	1.4	1.8	1.1	1.6	2.0	7.7	1.6	
Single	8.4	5.2	4.0	5.0	3.7	3.1	2.0	19.2	6.3	
Widowed	49.3	51.3	49.2	46.4	52.3	48.4	47.1	50.0	49.9	
Not reported	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A2.7: Indigenous status of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Sex/Indigenous status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
Indigenous	136	46	144	153	36	12	6	105	638	
Non-Indigenous	38,309	29,518	19,769	9,492	10,989	3,004	1,227	145	112,453	
Not determined	627	208	430	84	175	6	3	2	1,535	
Total females	39,072	29,772	20,343	9,729	11,200	3,022	1,236	252	114,626	
Males										
Indigenous	82	29	131	116	11	14	1	49	433	
Non-Indigenous	16,244	12,242	8,765	3,762	4,165	1,152	520	107	46,957	
Not determined	261	57	188	25	39	5	3	3	581	
Total males	16,587	12,328	9,084	3,903	4,215	1,171	524	159	47,971	
Persons										
Indigenous	218	75	275	269	47	26	7	154	1,071	
Non-Indigenous	54,553	41,760	28,534	13,254	15,154	4,156	1,747	252	159,410	
Not determined	888	265	618	109	214	11	6	5	2,116	
Total persons	55,659	42,100	29,427	13,632	15,415	4,193	1,760	411	162,597	
	Per cent	
Females										
Indigenous	0.3	0.2	0.7	1.6	0.3	0.4	0.5	41.7	0.6	
Non-Indigenous	98.0	99.1	97.2	97.6	98.1	99.4	99.3	57.5	98.1	
Not determined	1.6	0.7	2.1	0.9	1.6	0.2	0.2	0.8	1.3	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Indigenous	0.5	0.2	1.4	3.0	0.3	1.2	0.2	30.8	0.9	
Non-Indigenous	97.9	99.3	96.5	96.4	98.8	98.4	99.2	67.3	97.9	
Not determined	1.6	0.5	2.1	0.6	0.9	0.4	0.6	1.9	1.2	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Indigenous	0.4	0.2	0.9	2.0	0.3	0.6	0.4	37.5	0.7	
Non-Indigenous	98.0	99.2	97.0	97.2	98.3	99.1	99.3	61.3	98.0	
Not determined	1.6	0.6	2.1	0.8	1.4	0.3	0.3	1.2	1.3	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A2.8: Indigenous status of respite residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Sex/Indigenous status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
Indigenous	6	1	5	5	3	0	0	8	28	
Non-Indigenous	1,031	577	314	120	229	38	31	3	2,343	
Total females	1,037	578	319	125	232	38	31	11	2,371	
Males										
Indigenous	6	1	1	6	0	0	0	7	21	
Non-Indigenous	606	313	174	91	143	26	20	8	1,381	
Total males	612	314	175	97	143	26	20	15	1,402	
Persons										
Indigenous	12	2	6	11	3	0	0	15	49	
Non-Indigenous	1,637	890	488	211	372	64	51	11	3,724	
Total persons	1,649	892	494	222	375	64	51	26	3,773	
	Per cent	
Females										
Indigenous	0.6	0.2	1.6	4.0	1.3	0.0	0.0	72.7	1.2	
Non-Indigenous	99.4	99.8	98.4	96.0	98.7	100.0	100.0	27.3	98.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Indigenous	1.0	0.3	0.6	6.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	46.7	1.5	
Non-Indigenous	99.0	99.7	99.4	93.8	100.0	100.0	100.0	53.3	98.5	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Indigenous	0.7	0.2	1.2	5.0	0.8	0.0	0.0	57.7	1.3	
Non-Indigenous	99.3	99.8	98.8	95.0	99.2	100.0	100.0	42.3	98.7	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A2.9: Income source of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Income source	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
Centrelink pension	27,320	21,270	14,365	6,873	8,129	2,065	731	219	80,972	
DVA pension	6,719	5,102	4,120	1,704	2,082	700	180	18	20,625	
Self-funded retirees	4,013	2,585	1,494	935	763	214	270	12	10,286	
Means not disclosed	949	748	338	201	212	39	54	1	2,542	
Unknown	71	67	26	16	14	4	1	2	201	
Total females	39,072	29,772	20,343	9,729	11,200	3,022	1,236	252	114,626	
Males										
Centrelink pension	12,012	9,028	6,576	2,779	3,019	811	316	141	34,682	
DVA pension	2,678	1,949	1,755	674	833	263	85	7	8,244	
Self-funded retirees	1,425	995	569	342	280	79	98	7	3,795	
Means not disclosed	420	326	160	94	76	16	21	4	1,117	
Unknown	52	30	24	14	7	2	4	0	133	
Total males	16,587	12,328	9,084	3,903	4,215	1,171	524	159	47,971	
Persons										
Centrelink pension	39,332	30,298	20,941	9,652	11,148	2,876	1,047	360	115,654	
DVA pension	9,397	7,051	5,875	2,378	2,915	963	265	25	28,869	
Self-funded retirees	5,438	3,580	2,063	1,277	1,043	293	368	19	14,081	
Means not disclosed	1,369	1,074	498	295	288	55	75	5	3,659	
Unknown	123	97	50	30	21	6	5	2	334	
Total persons	55,659	42,100	29,427	13,632	15,415	4,193	1,760	411	162,597	
(continued)

Table A2.9 (continued): Income source of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 
30 June 2010
Income source	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
Centrelink pension	69.9	71.4	70.6	70.6	72.6	68.3	59.1	86.9	70.6	
DVA pension	17.2	17.1	20.3	17.5	18.6	23.2	14.6	7.1	18.0	
Self-funded retirees	10.3	8.7	7.3	9.6	6.8	7.1	21.8	4.8	9.0	
Means not disclosed	2.4	2.5	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.3	4.4	0.4	2.2	
Unknown	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.2	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Centrelink pension	72.4	73.2	72.4	71.2	71.6	69.3	60.3	88.7	72.3	
DVA pension	16.1	15.8	19.3	17.3	19.8	22.5	16.2	4.4	17.2	
Self-funded retirees	8.6	8.1	6.3	8.8	6.6	6.7	18.7	4.4	7.9	
Means not disclosed	2.5	2.6	1.8	2.4	1.8	1.4	4.0	2.5	2.3	
Unknown	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.0	0.3	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Centrelink pension	70.7	72.0	71.2	70.8	72.3	68.6	59.5	87.6	71.1	
DVA pension	16.9	16.7	20.0	17.4	18.9	23.0	15.1	6.1	17.8	
Self-funded retirees	9.8	8.5	7.0	9.4	6.8	7.0	20.9	4.6	8.7	
Means not disclosed	2.5	2.6	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.3	4.3	1.2	2.3	
Unknown	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.2	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.
Notes
1. ‘DVA’ refers to the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs. Other pensions are administered by Centrelink.
2. The category ‘Unknown’ refers to residents not yet assessed by Centrelink or DVA at the time of reporting.

Table A2.10: Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010 (number)
Admission date/Financial status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Females										
Admitted pre-October 1997	1,138	626	585	212	237	58	23	11	2,890	
										
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008									
Concessional	6,445	4,656	3,353	1,742	2,010	510	150	88	18,954	
Assisted	641	483	455	209	294	60	14	2	2,158	
Not eligible for support	12,272	9,559	6,252	2,793	3,490	859	379	33	35,637	
Total females	19,358	14,698	10,060	4,744	5,794	1,429	543	123	56,749	
										
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010									
Supported	2,640	1,817	1,469	747	729	248	71	41	7,762	
Partially supported	869	661	551	258	287	79	18	1	2,724	
Not supported	15,067	11,970	7,678	3,768	4,153	1,208	581	76	44,501	
Total females	18,576	14,448	9,698	4,773	5,169	1,535	670	118	54,987	
										
Males										
Admitted pre-October 1997	449	252	247	66	70	24	6	12	1,126	
										
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008									
Concessional	3,176	2,134	1,672	730	796	195	73	41	8,817	
Assisted	287	219	179	78	87	24	9	.	883	
Not eligible for support	3,266	2,720	1,781	737	889	219	111	10	9,733	
Total males	6,729	5,073	3,632	1,545	1,772	438	193	51	19,433	
										
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010									
Supported	1,943	1,350	1,124	498	487	142	56	34	5,634	
Partially supported	688	544	457	180	191	42	23	2	2,127	
Not supported	6,778	5,109	3,624	1,614	1,695	525	246	60	19,651	
Total males	9,409	7,003	5,205	2,292	2,373	709	325	96	27,412	
(continued)

Table A2.10 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010 (number)
Admission date/Financial status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Persons										
Admitted pre-October 1997	1,587	878	832	278	307	82	29	23	4,016	
										
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008									
Concessional	9,621	6,790	5,025	2,472	2,806	705	223	129	27,771	
Assisted	928	702	634	287	381	84	23	2	3,041	
Not eligible for support	15,538	12,279	8,033	3,530	4,379	1,078	490	43	45,370	
Total eligible persons	26,087	19,771	13,692	6,289	7,566	1,867	736	174	76,182	
										
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010									
Supported	4,583	3,167	2,593	1,245	1,216	390	127	75	13,396	
Partially supported	1,557	1,205	1,008	438	478	121	41	3	4,851	
Not supported	21,845	17,079	11,302	5,382	5,848	1,733	827	136	64,152	
Total persons	27,985	21,451	14,903	7,065	7,542	2,244	995	214	82,399	
										
Total persons in permanent care	55,659	42,100	29,427	13,632	15,415	4,193	1,760	411	162,597	

Table A2.10 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Admission date/Financial status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Females										
Admitted pre-October 1997	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
										
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008										
Concessional	33.3	31.7	33.3	36.7	34.7	35.7	27.6	71.5	33.4	
Assisted	3.3	3.3	4.5	4.4	5.1	4.2	2.6	1.6	3.8	
Not eligible for support	63.4	65.0	62.1	58.9	60.2	60.1	69.8	26.8	62.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
										
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010										
Supported	14.2	12.6	15.1	15.7	14.1	16.2	10.6	34.7	14.1	
Partially supported	4.7	4.6	5.7	5.4	5.6	5.1	2.7	0.8	5.0	
Not supported	81.1	82.8	79.2	78.9	80.3	78.7	86.7	64.4	80.9	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
										
Males										
Admitted pre-October 1997	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
										
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008										
Concessional	47.2	42.1	46.0	47.2	44.9	44.5	37.8	80.4	45.4	
Assisted	4.3	4.3	4.9	5.0	4.9	5.5	4.7	0.0	4.5	
Not eligible for support	48.5	53.6	49.0	47.7	50.2	50.0	57.5	19.6	50.1	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
										
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010										
Supported	20.7	19.3	21.6	21.7	20.5	20.0	17.2	35.4	20.6	
Partially supported	7.3	7.8	8.8	7.9	8.0	5.9	7.1	2.1	7.8	
Not supported	72.0	73.0	69.6	70.4	71.4	74.0	75.7	62.5	71.7	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(continued)

Table A2.10 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2009 (per cent)
Admission date/Financial status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Persons										
Admitted pre-October 1997	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
										
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008										
Concessional	36.9	34.3	36.7	39.3	37.1	37.8	30.3	74.1	36.5	
Assisted	3.6	3.6	4.6	4.6	5.0	4.5	3.1	1.1	4.0	
Not eligible for support	59.6	62.1	58.7	56.1	57.9	57.7	66.6	24.7	59.6	
Total eligible persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
										
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010										
Supported	16.4	14.8	17.4	17.6	16.1	17.4	12.8	35.0	16.3	
Partially supported	5.6	5.6	6.8	6.2	6.3	5.4	4.1	1.4	5.9	
Not supported	78.1	79.6	75.8	76.2	77.5	77.2	83.1	63.6	77.9	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
										
Total persons in permanent care	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A2.11 Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and 
remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (number)
Admission date/Financial status	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
Females							
Admitted pre-October 1997	2,041	580	240	23	6	2,890	
Total females pre-reform							
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008							
Concessional	12,997	4,184	1,566	151	56	18,954	
Assisted	1,334	571	234	17	2	2,158	
Not eligible for support	25,116	7,922	2,444	142	13	35,637	
Total females	39,447	12,677	4,244	310	71	56,749	
	12,997	4,184	1,566	151	56	18,954	
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010							
Supported	5,198	1,858	631	58	17	7,762	
Partially supported	1,676	743	286	14	5	2,724	
Not supported	30,765	10,190	3,304	200	42	44,501	
Total females	37,639	12,791	4,221	272	64	54,987	
Males							
Admitted pre-October 1997	767	232	104	17	6	1,126	
Total males pre-reform							
							
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008							
Concessional	6,061	1,850	786	71	49	8,817	
Assisted	529	253	96	5	0	883	
Not eligible for support	6,662	2,225	786	53	7	9,733	
Total males	13,252	4,328	1,668	129	56	19,433	
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010							
Supported	3,818	1,245	502	47	22	5,634	
Partially supported	1,382	540	192	11	2	2,127	
Not supported	13,332	4,593	1,578	117	31	19,651	
Total males	18,532	6,378	2,272	175	55	27,412	
(continued)

Table A2.11 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and 
remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (number)
Admission date/Financial status	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
Persons							
Admitted pre-October 1997							
Total persons pre-reform	2,808	812	344	40	12	4,016	
							
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008							
Concessional	19,058	6,034	2,352	222	105	27,771	
Assisted	1,863	824	330	22	2	3,041	
Not eligible for support	31,778	10,147	3,230	195	20	45,370	
Total eligible persons	52,699	17,005	5,912	439	127	76,182	
							
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010							
Supported	9,016	3,103	1,133	105	39	13,396	
Partially supported	3,058	1,283	478	25	7	4,851	
Not supported	44,097	14,783	4,882	317	73	64,152	
Total persons	56,171	19,169	6,493	447	119	82,399	
							
Total persons in permanent care	111,678	36,986	12,749	926	258	162,597	
(continued)

Table A2.11 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Admission date/Financial status	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
Females							
Admitted pre-October 1997							
Total females pre-reform	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008							
Concessional	32.9	33.0	36.9	48.7	78.9	33.4	
Assisted	3.4	4.5	5.5	5.5	2.8	3.8	
Not eligible for support	63.7	62.5	57.6	45.8	18.3	62.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010							
Supported	13.8	14.5	14.9	21.3	26.6	14.1	
Partially supported	4.5	5.8	6.8	5.1	7.8	5.0	
Not supported	81.7	79.7	78.3	73.5	65.6	80.9	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males							
Admitted pre-October 1997							
Total males pre-reform	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008							
Concessional	45.7	42.7	47.1	55.0	87.5	45.4	
Assisted	4.0	5.8	5.8	3.9	0.0	4.5	
Not eligible for support	50.3	51.4	47.1	41.1	12.5	50.1	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010							
Supported	20.6	19.5	22.1	26.9	40.0	20.6	
Partially supported	7.5	8.5	8.5	6.3	3.6	7.8	
Not supported	71.9	72.0	69.5	66.9	56.4	71.7	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(continued)

Table A2.11 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Admission date/Financial status	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	Australia	
Persons							
Admitted pre-October 1997							
Total persons pre-reform	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Admitted 1 October 1997– 19 March 2008							
Concessional	36.2	35.5	39.8	50.6	82.7	36.5	
Assisted	3.5	4.8	5.6	5.0	1.6	4.0	
Not eligible for support	60.3	59.7	54.6	44.4	15.7	59.6	
Total eligible persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Admitted 20 March 2008–30 June 2010							
Supported	16.1	16.2	17.4	23.5	32.8	16.3	
Partially supported	5.4	6.7	7.4	5.6	5.9	5.9	
Not supported	78.5	77.1	75.2	70.9	61.3	77.9	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
							
Total persons in permanent care	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.

Table A2.12: Marital status of new admissions to permanent residential care(a) between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex and state/territory(b) 
Marital status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
Divorced	607	391	321	189	161	53	22	6	1,750	
Married/de facto	2,597	1,988	1,457	711	756	212	98	10	7,829	
Separated	113	102	61	47	34	8	.	3	368	
Single	694	516	296	123	120	54	16	7	1,826	
Widowed	7,958	5,866	4,005	1,958	2,148	725	262	43	22,965	
Unknown	113	138	100	43	14	5	3	2	418	
Total females	12,082	9,001	6,240	3,071	3,233	1,057	401	71	35,156	
Males										
Divorced	610	361	349	155	130	64	17	17	1,703	
Married/de facto	3,749	2,839	2,061	889	1,017	280	121	22	10,978	
Separated	230	145	129	84	48	8	6	7	657	
Single	799	495	386	169	140	45	17	10	2,061	
Widowed	2,097	1,552	1,097	481	566	190	84	11	6,078	
Unknown	67	86	75	29	13	5	4	1	280	
Total males	7,552	5,478	4,097	1,807	1,914	592	249	68	21,757	
Persons										
Divorced	1,217	752	670	344	291	117	39	23	3,453	
Married/de facto	6,346	4,827	3,518	1,600	1,773	492	219	32	18,807	
Separated	343	247	190	131	82	16	6	10	1,025	
Single	1,493	1,011	682	292	260	99	33	17	3,887	
Widowed	10,055	7,418	5,102	2,439	2,714	915	346	54	29,043	
Unknown	180	224	175	72	27	10	7	3	698	
Total persons	19,634	14,479	10,337	4,878	5,147	1,649	650	139	56,913	
(continued)

Table A2.12 (continued): Marital status of new admissions to permanent residential care(a) between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex and state/territory(b)
Marital status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
Divorced	5.0	4.3	5.1	6.2	5.0	5.0	5.5	8.5	5.0	
Married/de facto	21.5	22.1	23.3	23.2	23.4	20.1	24.4	14.1	22.3	
Separated	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.8	0.0	4.2	1.0	
Single	5.7	5.7	4.7	4.0	3.7	5.1	4.0	9.9	5.2	
Widowed	65.9	65.2	64.2	63.8	66.4	68.6	65.3	60.6	65.3	
Unknown	0.9	1.5	1.6	1.4	0.4	0.5	0.7	2.8	1.2	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Divorced	8.1	6.6	8.5	8.6	6.8	10.8	6.8	25.0	7.8	
Married/de facto	49.6	51.8	50.3	49.2	53.1	47.3	48.6	32.4	50.5	
Separated	3.0	2.6	3.1	4.6	2.5	1.4	2.4	10.3	3.0	
Single	10.6	9.0	9.4	9.4	7.3	7.6	6.8	14.7	9.5	
Widowed	27.8	28.3	26.8	26.6	29.6	32.1	33.7	16.2	27.9	
Unknown	0.9	1.6	1.8	1.6	0.7	0.8	1.6	1.5	1.3	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Divorced	6.2	5.2	6.5	7.1	5.7	7.1	6.0	16.5	6.1	
Married/de facto	32.3	33.3	34.0	32.8	34.4	29.8	33.7	23.0	33.0	
Separated	1.7	1.7	1.8	2.7	1.6	1.0	0.9	7.2	1.8	
Single	7.6	7.0	6.6	6.0	5.1	6.0	5.1	12.2	6.8	
Widowed	51.2	51.2	49.4	50.0	52.7	55.5	53.2	38.8	51.0	
Unknown	0.9	1.5	1.7	1.5	0.5	0.6	1.1	2.2	1.2	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Characteristics are for the last permanent admission in the period. Transfers are excluded.
(b)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A2.13: Marital status of new admissions to residential respite care(a) between 1 July 2009 and 
30 June 2010, by sex and state/territory(b)
Marital status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
Divorced	485	257	143	104	102	39	24	4	1,158	
Married/de facto	2,304	1,619	881	493	606	178	85	18	6,184	
Separated	87	64	37	16	21	5	2	8	240	
Single	529	244	133	29	83	26	12	10	1,066	
Widowed	7,072	4,117	2,214	1,087	1,599	520	251	77	16,937	
Unknown	67	64	36	24	7	3	3	4	208	
Total females	10,544	6,365	3,444	1,753	2,418	771	377	121	25,793	
Males										
Divorced	432	164	125	46	64	23	11	11	876	
Married/de facto	3,605	2,392	1,474	753	865	302	136	50	9,577	
Separated	148	83	39	44	30	6	2	6	358	
Single	542	198	123	60	66	18	10	14	1,031	
Widowed	1,684	905	492	262	384	103	43	29	3,902	
Unknown	48	22	23	13	8	1	1	1	117	
Total males	6,459	3,764	2,276	1,178	1,417	453	203	111	15,861	
Persons										
Divorced	917	421	268	150	166	62	35	15	2,034	
Married/de facto	5,909	4,011	2,355	1,246	1,471	480	221	68	15,761	
Separated	235	147	76	60	51	11	4	14	598	
Single	1,071	442	256	89	149	44	22	24	2,097	
Widowed	8,756	5,022	2,706	1,349	1,983	623	294	106	20,839	
Unknown	115	86	59	37	15	4	4	5	325	
Total persons	17,003	10,129	5,720	2,931	3,835	1,224	580	232	41,654	
(continued)

Table A2.13 (continued): Marital status of new admissions to residential respite care(a) between 
1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex and state/territory(b)
Marital status	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
Divorced	4.6	4.0	4.2	5.9	4.2	5.1	6.4	3.3	4.5	
Married/de facto	21.9	25.4	25.6	28.1	25.1	23.1	22.5	14.9	24.0	
Separated	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.5	6.6	0.9	
Single	5.0	3.8	3.9	1.7	3.4	3.4	3.2	8.3	4.1	
Widowed	67.1	64.7	64.3	62.0	66.1	67.4	66.6	63.6	65.7	
Unknown	0.6	1.0	1.0	1.4	0.3	0.4	0.8	3.3	0.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Divorced	5.4	4.2	4.7	5.1	4.3	5.1	6.0	6.5	4.9	
Married/de facto	34.8	39.6	41.2	42.5	38.4	39.2	38.1	29.3	37.8	
Separated	1.4	1.5	1.3	2.0	1.3	0.9	0.7	6.0	1.4	
Single	6.3	4.4	4.5	3.0	3.9	3.6	3.8	10.3	5.0	
Widowed	51.5	49.6	47.3	46.0	51.7	50.9	50.7	45.7	50.0	
Unknown	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.3	0.4	0.3	0.7	2.2	0.8	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Divorced	5.4	4.2	4.7	5.1	4.3	5.1	6.0	6.5	4.9	
Married/de facto	34.8	39.6	41.2	42.5	38.4	39.2	38.1	29.3	37.8	
Separated	1.4	1.5	1.3	2.0	1.3	0.9	0.7	6.0	1.4	
Single	6.3	4.4	4.5	3.0	3.9	3.6	3.8	10.3	5.0	
Widowed	51.5	49.6	47.3	46.0	51.7	50.9	50.7	45.7	50.0	
Unknown	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.3	0.4	0.3	0.7	2.2	0.8	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Characteristics are for the last permanent admission in the period. Transfers are excluded.
(b)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A2.14: Usual housing status of new admissions to residential aged care 
between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex and care type
Housing status	Permanent		Respite	
 	Number	Per cent	 	Number	Per cent	
Females						
House or flat	27,885	79.3		22,401	86.8	
Residential aged care	1,208	3.4		138	0.5	
Independent unit	4,632	13.2		2,740	10.6	
Other	1,396	4.0		437	1.7	
Not reported	35	0.1		77	0.3	
Total females	35,156	100.0		25,793	100.0	
Males						
House or flat	18,047	80.7		14,074	88.7	
Residential aged care	603	3.2		73	0.5	
Independent unit	2,031	11.7		1,289	8.1	
Other	1,047	4.3		363	2.3	
Not reported	29	0.1		62	0.4	
Total males	21,757	100.0		15,861	100.0	
Persons						
House or flat	45,932	80.7		36,475	87.6	
Residential aged care	1,811	3.2		211	0.5	
Independent unit	6,663	11.7		4,029	9.7	
Other	2,443	4.3		800	1.9	
Not reported	64	0.1		139	0.3	
Total persons	56,913	100.0	 	41,654	100.0	

Table A2.15: Prior living arrangements of new admissions to residential aged care 
between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex and care type
Living arrangements	Permanent		Respite	
 	Number	Per cent	 	Number	Per cent	
Females						
Lives alone	19,219	54.7		12,364	47.9	
Lives with family	13,669	38.9		12,767	49.5	
Lives with others	819	2.3		453	1.8	
Not applicable	1,449	4.1		209	0.8	
Total females	35,156	100.0		25,793	100.0	
Males						
Lives alone	7,968	36.6		4,131	26.0	
Lives with family	12,134	55.8		11,131	70.2	
Lives with others	759	3.5		453	2.9	
Not applicable	896	4.1		146	0.9	
Total males	21,757	100.0		15,861	100.0	
Persons						
Lives alone	27,187	47.8		16,495	39.6	
Lives with family	25,803	45.3		23,898	57.4	
Lives with others	1,578	2.8		906	2.2	
Not applicable	2,345	4.1		355	0.9	
Total persons	56,913	100.0		41,654	100.0	

Table A2.16: Income source of new admissions to permanent residential 
aged care between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex
Income source	Number	Per cent	
Females			
Centrelink pension	23,877	67.9	
DVA pension	6,566	18.7	
Self-funded retirees	3,155	9.0	
Means not disclosed	952	2.7	
Unknown	606	1.7	
Total females	35,156	100.0	
Males			
Centrelink pension	14,860	68.3	
DVA pension	3,835	17.6	
Self-funded retirees	1,880	8.6	
Means not disclosed	585	2.7	
Unknown	597	2.7	
Total males	21,757	100.0	
Persons			
Centrelink pension	38,737	68.1	
DVA pension	10,401	18.3	
Self-funded retirees	5,035	8.8	
Means not disclosed	1,537	2.7	
Unknown	1,203	2.1	
Total persons	56,913	100.0	

Appendix 3: Patterns of use
Table A3.1: Permanent admissions, age at admission by state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Age (years)	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
under 65	735	492	407	205	164	68	23	17	2,111	
65–69	681	469	380	167	160	56	8	14	1,935	
70–74	1,300	904	724	341	317	121	36	24	3,767	
75–79	2,597	1,886	1,401	657	610	229	77	21	7,478	
80–84	4,851	3,575	2,541	1,175	1,339	397	164	31	14,073	
85–89	5,862	4,321	2,942	1,367	1,557	445	205	28	16,727	
90–94	3,127	2,292	1,637	777	822	267	116	6	9,044	
95+	940	769	478	261	245	81	27	1	2,802	
Total	20,093	14,708	10,510	4,950	5,214	1,664	656	142	57,937	
	Per cent	
under 65	3.7	3.3	3.9	4.1	3.1	4.1	3.5	12.0	3.6	
65–69	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.1	3.4	1.2	9.9	3.3	
70–74	6.5	6.1	6.9	6.9	6.1	7.3	5.5	16.9	6.5	
75–79	12.9	12.8	13.3	13.3	11.7	13.8	11.7	14.8	12.9	
80–84	24.1	24.3	24.2	23.7	25.7	23.9	25.0	21.8	24.3	
85–89	29.2	29.4	28.0	27.6	29.9	26.7	31.3	19.7	28.9	
90–94	15.6	15.6	15.6	15.7	15.8	16.0	17.7	4.2	15.6	
95+	4.7	5.2	4.5	5.3	4.7	4.9	4.1	0.7	4.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities.

Table A3.2: Respite admissions, age at admission by state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Age (years)	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
under 65	843	574	405	191	206	98	42	73	2,432	
65–69	794	554	339	217	163	88	28	50	2,233	
70–74	1,576	1,155	636	345	335	121	65	65	4,298	
75–79	2,899	2,082	1,096	651	614	278	85	51	7,756	
80–84	5,426	3,565	1,847	1,004	1,243	361	219	53	13,718	
85–89	6,416	4,235	2,166	971	1,532	512	248	42	16,122	
90–94	3,449	2,147	1,100	573	722	273	120	20	8,404	
95+	993	670	361	180	229	76	27	4	2,540	
Total 	22,396	14,982	7,950	4,132	5,044	1,807	834	358	57,503	
	Per cent	
under 65	3.8	3.8	5.1	4.6	4.1	5.4	5.0	20.4	4.2	
65–69	3.5	3.7	4.3	5.3	3.2	4.9	3.4	14.0	3.9	
70–74	7.0	7.7	8.0	8.3	6.6	6.7	7.8	18.2	7.5	
75–79	12.9	13.9	13.8	15.8	12.2	15.4	10.2	14.2	13.5	
80–84	24.2	23.8	23.2	24.3	24.6	20.0	26.3	14.8	23.9	
85–89	28.6	28.3	27.2	23.5	30.4	28.3	29.7	11.7	28.0	
90–94	15.4	14.3	13.8	13.9	14.3	15.1	14.4	5.6	14.6	
95+	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.2	3.2	1.1	4.4	
Total 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the facilities.

Table A3.3: Separations of permanent, respite, and all residents by sex and separation mode, 
1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Separation mode	Permanent		Respite		All separations	
 	Number	Per cent	 	Number	Per cent	 	Number	Per cent	
Females									
Death	30,286	90.2		659	1.9		30,945	45.1	
Return to community	1,118	3.3		22,572	64.4		23,690	34.5	
To hospital	931	2.8		1,386	4.0		2,317	3.4	
To residential aged care 	895	2.7		5,077	14.5		5,972	8.7	
Other	347	1.0		5,380	15.3		5,727	8.3	
Total females	33,577	100.0		35,074	100.0		68,651	100.0	
Males									
Death	18,255	89		712	3.2		18,967	44.4	
Return to community	857	4		14,191	64.3		15,048	35.3	
To hospital	703	3		1,172	5.3		1,875	4.4	
To residential aged care 	487	2		2,735	12.4		3,222	7.5	
Other	314	2		3,255	14.8		3,569	8.4	
Total males	20,616	100		22,065	100.0		42,681	100.0	
Persons									
Death	48,541	89.6		1,371	2.4		49,912	44.8	
Return to community	1,975	3.6		36,763	64.3		38,738	34.8	
To hospital	1,634	3.0		2,558	4.5		4,192	3.8	
To residential aged care 	1,382	2.6		7,812	13.7		9,194	8.3	
Other	661	1.2		8,635	15.1		9,296	8.3	
Total persons	54,193	100.0		57,139	100.0		111,332	100.0	

Table A3.4: All separations, separation mode by sex and state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Separation mode	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Females	Number	
Death	10,509	7,877	5,480	2,560	3,172	960	331	56	30,945	
Return to community	8,243	6,934	3,426	1,672	1,978	928	376	133	23,690	
To hospital	1,024	538	311	190	201	28	16	9	2,317	
To continuing residential care	2,307	1,340	972	676	505	69	91	12	5,972	
Other	3,226	1,117	416	194	556	111	63	44	5,727	
Total females	25,309	17,806	10,605	5,292	6,412	2,096	877	254	68,651	
Males										
Death	6,506	4,724	3,456	1,564	1,873	570	222	52	18,967	
Return to community	4,867	4,428	2,458	1,239	1,101	609	221	125	15,048	
To hospital	893	369	239	139	181	18	20	16	1,875	
To continuing residential care	1,240	727	542	335	276	54	38	10	3,222	
Other	2,001	686	246	164	350	66	35	21	3,569	
Total males	15,507	10,934	6,941	3,441	3,781	1,317	536	224	42,681	
Persons										
Death	17,015	12,601	8,936	4,124	5,045	1,530	553	108	49,912	
Return to community	13,110	11,362	5,884	2,911	3,079	1,537	597	258	38,738	
To hospital	1,917	907	550	329	382	46	36	25	4,192	
To continuing residential care	3,547	2,067	1,514	1,011	781	123	129	22	9,194	
Other	5,227	1,803	662	358	906	177	98	65	9,296	
Total persons	40,816	28,740	17,546	8,733	10,193	3,413	1,413	478	111,332	
Females	Per cent	
Death	41.5	44.2	51.7	48.4	49.5	45.8	37.7	22.0	45.1	
Return to community	32.6	38.9	32.3	31.6	30.8	44.3	42.9	52.4	34.5	
To hospital	4.0	3.0	2.9	3.6	3.1	1.3	1.8	3.5	3.4	
To continuing residential care	9.1	7.5	9.2	12.8	7.9	3.3	10.4	4.7	8.7	
Other	12.7	6.3	3.9	3.7	8.7	5.3	7.2	17.3	8.3	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Death	42.0	43.2	49.8	45.5	49.5	43.3	41.4	23.2	44.4	
Return to community	31.4	40.5	35.4	36.0	29.1	46.2	41.2	55.8	35.3	
To hospital	5.8	3.4	3.4	4.0	4.8	1.4	3.7	7.1	4.4	
To continuing residential care	8.0	6.6	7.8	9.7	7.3	4.1	7.1	4.5	7.5	
Other	12.9	6.3	3.5	4.8	9.3	5.0	6.5	9.4	8.4	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Death	41.7	43.8	50.9	47.2	49.5	44.8	39.1	22.6	44.8	
Return to community	32.1	39.5	33.5	33.3	30.2	45.0	42.3	54.0	34.8	
To hospital	4.7	3.2	3.1	3.8	3.7	1.3	2.5	5.2	3.8	
To continuing residential care	8.7	7.2	8.6	11.6	7.7	3.6	9.1	4.6	8.3	
Other	12.8	6.3	3.8	4.1	8.9	5.2	6.9	13.6	8.3	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A3.5: Separations of permanent residents, separation mode by sex and state/territory(a), 
1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Separation mode	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Females	Number	
Death	10,154	7,788	5,412	2,528	3,078	950	323	53	30,286	
Return to community	454	265	198	83	79	23	9	7	1,118	
To hospital	364	249	155	114	39	8	1	1	931	
To continuing residential care	346	246	115	135	45	7	1	0	895	
Other	180	86	38	16	18	5	4	0	347	
Total females	11,498	8,634	5,918	2,876	3,259	993	338	61	33,577	
Males										
Death	6,085	4,653	3,380	1,530	1,774	563	218	52	18,255	
Return to community	352	197	175	56	46	20	7	4	857	
To hospital	301	161	113	74	41	4	3	6	703	
To continuing residential care	172	152	66	62	23	8	3	1	487	
Other	158	73	33	24	19	6	1	0	314	
Total males	7,068	5,236	3,767	1,746	1,903	601	232	63	20,616	
Persons										
Death	16,239	12,441	8,792	4,058	4,852	1,513	541	105	48,541	
Return to community	806	462	373	139	125	43	16	11	1,975	
To hospital	665	410	268	188	80	12	4	7	1,634	
To continuing residential care	518	398	181	197	68	15	4	1	1,382	
Other	338	159	71	40	37	11	5	0	661	
Total persons	18,566	13,870	9,685	4,622	5,162	1,594	570	124	54,193	
(continued)

Table A3.5 (continued): Separations of permanent residents, separation mode by sex and state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Separation mode	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent
	
Females										
Death	88.3	90.2	91.4	87.9	94.4	95.7	95.6	86.9	90.2	
Return to community	3.9	3.1	3.3	2.9	2.4	2.3	2.7	11.5	3.3	
To hospital	3.2	2.9	2.6	4.0	1.2	0.8	0.3	1.6	2.8	
To continuing residential care	3.0	2.8	1.9	4.7	1.4	0.7	0.3	0.0	2.7	
Other	1.6	1.0	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	1.2	0.0	1.0	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Death	86	89	90	88	93	94	94	83	89	
Return to community	5	4	5	3	2	3	3	6	4	
To hospital	4	3	3	4	2	1	1	10	3	
To continuing residential care	2	3	2	4	1	1	1	2	2	
Other	2	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	2	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Death	87.5	89.7	90.8	87.8	94.0	94.9	94.9	84.7	89.6	
Return to community	4.3	3.3	3.9	3.0	2.4	2.7	2.8	8.9	3.6	
To hospital	3.6	3.0	2.8	4.1	1.5	0.8	0.7	5.6	3.0	
To continuing residential care	2.8	2.9	1.9	4.3	1.3	0.9	0.7	0.8	2.6	
Other	1.8	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.0	1.2	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A3.6: Separations of respite residents, separation mode, by sex and state/territory(a), 
1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Separation mode	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
Females	Number	
Death	355	89	68	32	94	10	8	3	659	
Return to community	7,789	6,669	3,228	1,589	1,899	905	367	126	22,572	
To hospital	660	289	156	76	162	20	15	8	1,386	
To continuing residential care	1,961	1,094	857	541	460	62	90	12	5,077	
Other	3,046	1,031	378	178	538	106	59	44	5,380	
Total females	13,811	9,172	4,687	2,416	3,153	1,103	539	193	35,074	
Males										
Death	421	71	76	34	99	7	4	0	712	
Return to community	4,515	4,231	2,283	1,183	1,055	589	214	121	14,191	
To hospital	592	208	126	65	140	14	17	10	1,172	
To continuing residential care	1,068	575	476	273	253	46	35	9	2,735	
Other	1,843	613	213	140	331	60	34	21	3,255	
Total males	8,439	5,698	3,174	1,695	1,878	716	304	161	22,065	
Persons										
Death	776	160	144	66	193	17	12	3	1,371	
Return to community	12,304	10,900	5,511	2,772	2,954	1,494	581	247	36,763	
To hospital	1,252	497	282	141	302	34	32	18	2,558	
To continuing residential care	3,029	1,669	1,333	814	713	108	125	21	7,812	
Other	4,889	1,644	591	318	869	166	93	65	8,635	
Total persons	22,250	14,870	7,861	4,111	5,031	1,819	843	354	57,139	
(continued)

Table A3.6 (continued): Separations of respite residents, separation mode, by sex and state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Separation mode	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
Death	2.6	1.0	1.5	1.3	3.0	0.9	1.5	1.6	1.9	
Return to community	56.4	72.7	68.9	65.8	60.2	82.0	68.1	65.3	64.4	
To hospital	4.8	3.2	3.3	3.1	5.1	1.8	2.8	4.1	4.0	
To continuing residential care	14.2	11.9	18.3	22.4	14.6	5.6	16.7	6.2	14.5	
Other	22.1	11.2	8.1	7.4	17.1	9.6	10.9	22.8	15.3	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Death	3.5	1.1	1.8	1.6	3.8	0.9	1.4	0.8	2.4	
Return to community	55.3	73.3	70.1	67.4	58.7	82.1	68.9	69.8	64.3	
To hospital	5.6	3.3	3.6	3.4	6.0	1.9	3.8	5.1	4.5	
To continuing residential care	13.6	11.2	17.0	19.8	14.2	5.9	14.8	5.9	13.7	
Other	22.0	11.1	7.5	7.7	17.3	9.1	11.0	18.4	15.1	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Death	3.5	1.1	1.8	1.6	3.8	0.9	1.4	0.8	2.4	
Return to community	55.3	73.3	70.1	67.4	58.7	82.1	68.9	69.8	64.3	
To hospital	5.6	3.3	3.6	3.4	6.0	1.9	3.8	5.1	4.5	
To continuing residential care	13.6	11.2	17.0	19.8	14.2	5.9	14.8	5.9	13.7	
Other	22.0	11.1	7.5	7.7	17.3	9.1	11.0	18.4	15.1	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A3.7: Separations of permanent residents, completed length of stay, by sex and state/territory, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Length of stay	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
<4 weeks	7.1	5.5	5.6	5.8	6.9	7.9	5.6	6.6	6.3	
4–<8 weeks	4.9	4.0	3.8	4.3	4.9	4.3	3.6	8.2	4.4	
8–<13 weeks	4.4	3.7	4.1	3.7	4.4	3.0	2.4	6.6	4.0	
13–<26 weeks	7.5	7.3	7.4	7.3	5.9	8.8	6.8	6.6	7.3	
26–<39 weeks	5.5	5.9	5.8	6.5	4.4	5.7	4.4	4.9	5.6	
39–<52 weeks	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.0	3.6	6.8	8.2	4.5	
1–<2 years	14.4	15.9	14.5	15.5	14.7	16.0	17.5	18.0	15.0	
2–<3 years	12.4	12.2	12.2	13.1	11.8	11.6	13.9	6.6	12.3	
3–<4 years	9.6	10.0	9.7	9.9	10.3	10.0	9.8	13.1	9.8	
4–<5 years	7.5	8.1	7.8	8.0	8.7	7.9	5.6	4.9	7.9	
5–<8 years	13.2	14.5	15.0	14.6	14.7	13.6	15.1	11.5	14.2	
8+ years	9.0	8.2	9.5	6.7	9.4	7.7	8.6	4.9	8.7	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	11,498	8,634	5,918	2,876	3,259	993	338	61	33,577	
Males										
<4 weeks	12.3	9.3	10.3	9.5	11.6	14.1	7.3	6.3	10.8	
4–<8 weeks	8.0	6.7	7.4	6.8	7.7	7.0	5.6	7.9	7.4	
8–<13 weeks	6.4	6.0	6.1	7.0	6.4	5.7	7.3	3.2	6.3	
13–<26 weeks	10.7	10.9	10.5	10.8	9.5	10.5	9.5	15.9	10.6	
26–<39 weeks	7.1	7.3	7.7	7.4	5.7	5.5	10.8	11.1	7.2	
39–<52 weeks	5.6	5.3	6.0	5.7	5.7	6.5	5.6	6.3	5.6	
1–<2 years	15.5	17.8	16.9	18.8	17.0	17.1	14.2	12.7	16.8	
2–<3 years	10.8	11.5	11.4	10.7	11.4	10.5	10.8	12.7	11.1	
3–<4 years	7.7	8.1	7.4	7.4	7.5	9.0	10.3	6.3	7.8	
4–<5 years	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.4	5.6	4.5	6.5	4.8	5.2	
5–<8 years	6.8	8.1	7.5	7.0	8.1	5.8	8.6	12.7	7.4	
8+ years	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.5	4.0	3.8	3.4	0.0	3.8	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	7,068	5,236	3,767	1,746	1,903	601	232	63	20,616	
(continued)

Table A3.7:(continued) Separations of permanent residents, completed length of stay, by sex and state/territory, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Length of stay	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Persons										
<4 weeks	9.1	6.9	7.4	7.2	8.6	10.2	6.3	6.5	8.0	
4–<8 weeks	6.1	5.0	5.2	5.2	5.9	5.3	4.4	8.1	5.5	
8–<13 weeks	5.1	4.6	4.9	4.9	5.1	4.0	4.4	4.8	4.9	
13–<26 weeks	8.8	8.7	8.6	8.6	7.2	9.4	7.9	11.3	8.6	
26–<39 weeks	6.1	6.4	6.5	6.9	4.9	5.6	7.0	8.1	6.2	
39–<52 weeks	4.9	4.9	5.2	5.0	4.6	4.7	6.3	7.3	4.9	
1–<2 years	14.8	16.6	15.5	16.8	15.6	16.4	16.1	15.3	15.7	
2–<3 years	11.8	11.9	11.9	12.2	11.6	11.2	12.6	9.7	11.8	
3–<4 years	8.9	9.3	8.8	9.0	9.2	9.6	10.0	9.7	9.1	
4–<5 years	6.6	7.0	6.8	7.0	7.5	6.6	6.0	4.8	6.8	
5–<8 years	10.8	12.1	12.1	11.7	12.2	10.7	12.5	12.1	11.6	
8+ years	7.1	6.6	7.2	5.5	7.4	6.2	6.5	2.4	6.8	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	18,566	13,870	9,685	4,622	5,162	1,594	570	124	54,193	

Table A3.8: Separations of permanent residents, length of stay, by separation mode, 1 July 2009 
to 30 June 2010
Length of stay	Death	Return to community	To hospital	To another aged care service	Other	Total	
	Number	
<4 weeks 	3,516	451	186	102	92	4,347	
4–<8 weeks 	2,433	242	152	93	72	2,992	
8–<13 weeks 	2,157	246	120	78	47	2,648	
13–<26 weeks 	3,872	351	188	156	75	4,642	
26–<39 weeks 	2,910	191	125	95	50	3,371	
39–<52 weeks 	2,396	86	96	75	23	2,676	
1–<2 years 	7,718	205	246	244	96	8,509	
2–<3 years 	5,952	86	162	157	61	6,418	
3–<4 years 	4,587	44	104	130	41	4,906	
4–<5 years 	3,516	30	73	62	24	3,705	
5–<8 years 	5,956	26	118	132	45	6,277	
8+ years 	3,528	17	64	58	35	3,702	
Total	48,541	1,975	1,634	1,382	661	54,193	
	Per cent (row)	
<4 weeks 	80.9	10.4	4.3	2.3	2.1	100.0	
4–<8 weeks 	81.3	8.1	5.1	3.1	2.4	100.0	
8–<13 weeks 	81.5	9.3	4.5	2.9	1.8	100.0	
13–<26 weeks 	83.4	7.6	4.0	3.4	1.6	100.0	
26–<39 weeks 	86.3	5.7	3.7	2.8	1.5	100.0	
39–<52 weeks 	89.5	3.2	3.6	2.8	0.9	100.0	
1–<2 years 	90.7	2.4	2.9	2.9	1.1	100.0	
2–<3 years 	92.7	1.3	2.5	2.4	1.0	100.0	
3–<4 years 	93.5	0.9	2.1	2.6	0.8	100.0	
4–<5 years 	94.9	0.8	2.0	1.7	0.6	100.0	
5–<8 years 	94.9	0.4	1.9	2.1	0.7	100.0	
8+ years 	95.3	0.5	1.7	1.6	0.9	100.0	
Total	89.6	3.6	3.0	2.6	1.2	100.0	
	Per cent (column)	
<4 weeks 	7.2	22.8	11.4	7.4	13.9	8.0	
4–<8 weeks 	5.0	12.3	9.3	6.7	10.9	5.5	
8–<13 weeks 	4.4	12.5	7.3	5.6	7.1	4.9	
13–<26 weeks 	8.0	17.8	11.5	11.3	11.3	8.6	
26–<39 weeks 	6.0	9.7	7.6	6.9	7.6	6.2	
39–<52 weeks 	4.9	4.4	5.9	5.4	3.5	4.9	
1–<2 years 	15.9	10.4	15.1	17.7	14.5	15.7	
2–<3 years 	12.3	4.4	9.9	11.4	9.2	11.8	
3–<4 years 	9.4	2.2	6.4	9.4	6.2	9.1	
4–<5 years 	7.2	1.5	4.5	4.5	3.6	6.8	
5–<8 years 	12.3	1.3	7.2	9.6	6.8	11.6	
8+ years 	7.3	0.9	3.9	4.2	5.3	6.8	
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

Table A3.9: Occupied place-days, type of care by state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Type of care	Major cities	Inner regional	Outer regional	Remote	Very remote	All regions	
Permanent care	Number	
NSW	13,903,376	4,836,596	1,202,210	33,638	0	19,975,820	
Vic	10,845,262	3,519,166	796,569	15,394	. .	15,176,391	
Qld	6,641,868	2,526,536	1,275,623	85,906	40,152	10,570,085	
WA	3,830,173	655,867	331,643	67,845	33,162	4,918,690	
SA	4,376,838	634,055	542,391	60,276	0	5,613,560	
Tas	. .	1,129,911	360,145	22,257	6,493	1,518,806	
ACT	623,625	0	. .	. .	. .	623,625	
NT	. .	. .	81,878	50,679	14,888	147,445	
Australia	40,221,142	13,302,131	4,590,459	335,995	94,695	58,544,422	
Respite care							
NSW	405,878	151,203	47,397	692	0	605,170	
Vic	190,487	95,683	22,461	277	. .	308,908	
Qld	97,021	47,841	28,064	2,927	1,758	177,611	
WA	55,471	16,125	9,770	1,914	1,352	84,632	
SA	97,135	19,389	14,591	2,990	0	134,105	
Tas	0	19,924	7,660	825	577	28,986	
ACT	18,343	. .	. .	. .	. .	18,343	
NT	. .	. .	3,631	3,069	1,367	8,067	
Australia	864,335	350,165	133,574	12,694	5,054	1,365,822	
Permanent and respite care							
NSW	14,309,254	4,987,799	1,249,607	34,330	0	20,580,990	
Vic	11,035,749	3,614,849	819,030	15,671	. .	15,485,299	
Qld	6,738,889	2,574,377	1,303,687	88,833	41,910	10,747,696	
WA	3,885,644	671,992	341,413	69,759	34,514	5,003,322	
SA	4,473,973	653,444	556,982	63,266	0	5,747,665	
Tas	. .	1,149,835	367,805	23,082	7,070	1,547,792	
ACT	641,968	. .	. .	. .	. .	641,968	
NT	. .	. .	85,509	53,748	16,255	155,512	
Australia	41,085,477	13,652,296	4,724,033	348,689	99,749	59,910,244	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services. The table uses the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the ABS.
. .	Not applicable.
Appendix 4: Aged Care Funding Instrument
The Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI) replaced the Resident Classification Scale (RCS) for determining the level of care payments for residents in aged care homes from 20 March 2008. It is designed to provide a simpler method that better matches funding to the needs of people with dementia and those with complex health care needs. All new permanent admissions from 20 March 2008 were appraised using the ACFI and conversion from the RCS for existing residents occured on the annual re-appraisal date.
The ACFI measures the need for care using standard assessment tools and the completion of ACFI checklists. It involves the appraisal of residents in relation to three separate domains that are considered to contribute to the costs of care: Activities of Daily Living, Behaviour, and Complex Health Care supplement. Each of these domains has three funded levels—low, medium and high. In addition, there is a ‘lowest applicable classification level’ in each domain, which results in nil funding.
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) evaluate client needs with nutrition, mobility, personal hygiene, toileting and continence.
Behaviour (BEH) assesses resident care needs in respect of cognitive skills, wandering, verbal behaviour, physical behaviour and depression.
Complex Health Care (CHC) measures client needs for medication/complex health care.
In addition, there are two categories of health condition diagnosis (Mental & Behavioural and Medical) which result in a record of diagnosed disorders. Diagnoses data are used to support other ratings and to determine whether supplementary funding is required. Coding of health conditions in the ACFI comes from codes used in the Aged Care Assessment Program and these codes map to equivalent codes in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (2008) (also known as ICD-10-AM).
ACFI classifications are defined as high- or low-care. Up to 31 December 2009, to be considered high-care, the resident must be classified at one or more of the following levels:
•	medium or high in the CHC domain; OR
•	medium or high in the ADL domain; OR
•	high in the BEH domain.
If a resident appraisal does not satisfy these conditions, they will be classified as low-care.
Box A4.1: High-care criteria
The criteria for ACFI high and low-care changed from 1 January 2010. Under the new definition, for a resident to be assessed as high-care, they must have:
•	a score of high in the ADL domain; OR
•	a score of high in the CHC domain; OR
•	a score of high in the BEH domain AND a score above nil in at least one of the ADL and CHC domains; OR
•	a score of medium or high in at least two of the three domains.
Otherwise a resident is classified as low care.
ACFI classifications will not generally expire, except in certain circumstances including:
•	6 months after a resident enters care directly from hospital
•	6 months after re-classification on the grounds of a major change in care needs
•	The day prior to the resident’s return from extended hospital leave (of 30 days or more)
•	6 months after return from extended hospital leave
•	upon departure from care, except if transferring to another home within 28 days.

ACATs will continue to make recommendations for either high- or low-level residential care.

Table A4.1: Dependency levels of permanent residents by sex,
30 June 1998 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Year	High-care	Low-care	Total	
Females				
1998	57.1	42.9	100.0	
1999	60.2	39.8	100.0	
2000	61.2	38.8	100.0	
2001	62.5	37.5	100.0	
2002	63.1	36.9	100.0	
2003	64.2	35.8	100.0	
2004	65.4	34.6	100.0	
2005	67.4	32.6	100.0	
2006	68.7	31.3	100.0	
2007	70.0	30.0	100.0	
2008 (RCS)	70.3	29.7	100.0	
2008 (ACFI)	76.0	24.0	100.0	
2009	74.7	25.3	100.0	
2010 (a)	76.0	24.0	100.0	
2010 (b)	71.1	28.9	100.0	
Males				
1998	59.6	40.4	100.0	
1999	62.2	37.8	100.0	
2000	63.1	36.9	100.0	
2001	64.1	35.9	100.0	
2002	64.6	35.4	100.0	
2003	64.8	35.2	100.0	
2004	66.0	34.0	100.0	
2005	67.7	32.3	100.0	
2006	69.0	31.0	100.0	
2007	70.4	29.6	100.0	
2008 (RCS)	70.0	30.0	100.0	
2008 (ACFI)	76.6	23.4	100.0	
2009	75.2	24.8	100.0	
2010 (a)	76.5	23.5	100.0	
2010 (b)	72.0	28.0	100.0	
Persons				
1998	57.8	42.2	100.0	
1999	60.8	39.2	100.0	
2000	61.8	38.2	100.0	
2001	63.1	36.9	100.0	
2002	63.6	36.4	100.0	
2003	64.4	35.6	100.0	
2004	65.6	34.4	100.0	
2005	67.5	32.5	100.0	
2006	68.7	31.3	100.0	
2007	70.1	29.9	100.0	
2008 (RCS)	70.2	29.8	100.0	
2008 (ACFI)	76.1	23.9	100.0	
2009	74.9	25.1	100.0	
2010 (a)	76.1	23.9	100.0	
2010 (b)	71.3	28.7	100.0	
Note: 2010(a) is the calculation applying the new rules for admissions from 1 January 2010 and 2010(b) is the calculation
applying the new rules retrospectively.
Table A4.2: Distribution of high-care appraisal scores under the ACFI of permanent, 30 June 2010
ACFI
appraisal level	Number	Per cent	Activities of daily living	Behaviour	Complex health care	
High	14,199	11.1	High	High	Medium	
High	9,978	7.8	High	High	High	
High	9,789	7.7	High	High	Low	
High	9,119	7.2	Medium	High	Low	
High	7,937	6.2	Medium	High	Medium	
High	5,119	4.0	High	Medium	Medium	
High	4,631	3.6	High	Medium	High	
High	4,464	3.5	High	Medium	Low	
High	4,395	3.5	Low	High	Low	
High	4,368	3.4	Medium	Medium	Low	
High	3,749	2.9	Medium	Medium	Medium	
High	3,393	2.7	Medium	High	High	
High	3,286	2.6	Medium	Low	Low	
High	2,786	2.2	Medium	High	Nil	
High	2,713	2.1	Low	Low	Medium	
High	2,649	2.1	Low	High	Medium	
High	2,636	2.1	High	Low	Low	
High	2,559	2.0	High	Low	Medium	
High	2,447	1.9	Low	High	Nil	
High	2,419	1.9	Low	Medium	Medium	
High	2,336	1.8	High	Low	High	
High	2,319	1.8	Medium	Low	Medium	
High	2,101	1.6	Medium	Medium	High	
*High	1,841	1.4	Low	Nil	Medium	
*High	1,540	1.2	Medium	Nil	Low	
High	1,387	1.1	Medium	Low	High	
High	1,319	1.0	Medium	Nil	Medium	
High	1,251	1.0	Medium	Medium	Nil	
High	1,016	0.8	High	High	Nil	
*High	906	0.7	Medium	Low	Nil	
High	772	0.6	High	Nil	Medium	
High	759	0.6	Medium	Nil	High	
High	746	0.6	High	Nil	High	
(continued)

Table A4.2 (continued): Distribution of high-care appraisal scores under the ACFI for permanent residents, 30 June 2010
ACFI
appraisal level	Number	Per cent	Activities of daily living	Behaviour	Complex health care	
High	724	0.6	High	Nil	Low	
High	680	0.5	Low	Medium	High	
High	634	0.5	Low	High	High	
High	579	0.5	Low	Low	High	
High	528	0.4	Nil	Nil	Medium	
High	447	0.4	Nil	High	Nil	
*High	420	0.3	Nil	Low	Medium	
*High	413	0.3	Medium	Nil	Nil	
High	412	0.3	Low	Nil	High	
High	352	0.3	Nil	High	Low	
High	351	0.3	High	Medium	Nil	
High	246	0.2	Nil	Medium	Medium	
High	202	0.2	High	Low	Nil	
High	196	0.2	Nil	High	Medium	
High	61	0.0	Nil	Nil	High	
High	60	0.0	High	Nil	Nil	
High	51	0.0	Nil	Low	High	
High	44	0.0	Nil	Medium	High	
High	33	0.0	Nil	High	High	
Total persons 	127,362	100.0	. .	. .	. .	
* From 1 January 2010, the definition for high care under the Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI) was changed; as a result some ACFI funding categories shifted from high care to low care. The affected ACFI funding categories are denoted by (*).

Table A4.3: Distribution of low-care appraisal scores under the ACFI for permanent residents, 30 June 2010
ACFI
appraisal level	Number	Per cent	Activities of daily living	Behaviour	Complex health care	
Low	6,213	18.1	Low	Low	Low	
Low	5,888	17.2	Low	Medium	Low	
Low	4,289	12.5	Low	Nil	Low	
Low	3,987	11.6	Low	Low	Nil	
Low	3,290	9.6	Low	Medium	Nil	
Low	3,010	8.8	Low	Nil	Nil	
Low	2,306	6.7	Nil	Nil	Nil	
Low	1,521	4.4	Nil	Low	Nil	
Low	1,289	3.8	Nil	Nil	Low	
Low	1,033	3.0	Nil	Low	Low	
Low	788	2.3	Nil	Medium	Nil	
Low	618	1.8	Nil	Medium	Low	
Total persons	34,232	100.0	. .	. .	. .	

Table A4.4a: ACFI level of care at admission for activities of daily living, permanent residents 
admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex and age group at admission
Level of care (ADL)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Number	
Females										
High	361	318	588	1,224	2,364	2,898	1,882	915	10,550	
Medium	239	226	516	1,100	2,076	2,736	1,508	503	8,904	
Low	212	290	632	1,466	3,320	4,405	2,400	549	13,274	
Nil	46	37	97	196	443	521	252	44	1,636	
Total females	858	871	1,833	3,986	8,203	10,560	6,042	2,011	34,364	
Males										
High	410	347	633	1,244	2,051	1,951	943	288	7,867	
Medium	335	246	551	942	1,422	1,428	693	179	5,796	
Low	319	299	499	830	1,576	1,860	851	196	6,430	
Nil	72	72	88	176	231	261	123	21	1,044	
Total males 	1,136	964	1,771	3,192	5,280	5,500	2,610	684	21,137	
Persons										
High	771	665	1,221	2,468	4,415	4,849	2,825	1,203	18,417	
Medium	574	472	1,067	2,042	3,498	4,164	2,201	682	14,700	
Low	531	589	1,131	2,296	4,896	6,265	3,251	745	19,704	
Nil	118	109	185	372	674	782	375	65	2,680	
Total persons	1,994	1,835	3,604	7,178	13,483	16,060	8,652	2,695	55,501	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	42.1	36.5	32.1	30.7	28.8	27.4	31.1	45.5	30.7	
Medium	27.9	25.9	28.2	27.6	25.3	25.9	25.0	25.0	25.9	
Low	24.7	33.3	34.5	36.8	40.5	41.7	39.7	27.3	38.6	
Nil	5.4	4.2	5.3	4.9	5.4	4.9	4.2	2.2	4.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	36.1	36.0	35.7	39.0	38.8	35.5	36.1	42.1	37.2	
Medium	29.5	25.5	31.1	29.5	26.9	26.0	26.6	26.2	27.4	
Low	28.1	31.0	28.2	26.0	29.8	33.8	32.6	28.7	30.4	
Nil	6.3	7.5	5.0	5.5	4.4	4.7	4.7	3.1	4.9	
Total males 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	38.7	36.2	33.9	34.4	32.7	30.2	32.7	44.6	33.2	
Medium	28.8	25.7	29.6	28.4	25.9	25.9	25.4	25.3	26.5	
Low	26.6	32.1	31.4	32.0	36.3	39.0	37.6	27.6	35.5	
Nil	5.9	5.9	5.1	5.2	5.0	4.9	4.3	2.4	4.8	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Note: The table is for clients whose last appraisal during the time period is from the ACFI.

Table A4.4b: ACFI level of care at admission for behaviour, permanent residents admitted from
1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex and age group at admission
Level of care (BEH)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Number	
Females										
High	362	321	660	1,344	2,542	2,872	1,427	514	10,042	
Medium	239	231	496	1,031	2,151	2,827	1,626	567	9,168	
Low	167	194	403	989	2,131	3,027	1,823	571	9,305	
Nil	90	125	274	622	1,379	1,834	1,166	359	5,849	
Total females	858	871	1,833	3,986	8,203	10,560	6,042	2,011	34,364	
Males										
High	468	389	702	1,329	1,902	1,799	717	178	7,484	
Medium	319	253	470	778	1,398	1,451	701	211	5,581	
Low	231	201	376	673	1,211	1,382	754	183	5,011	
Nil	118	121	223	412	769	868	438	112	3,061	
Total males 	1,136	964	1,771	3,192	5,280	5,500	2,610	684	21,137	
Persons										
High	830	710	1,362	2,673	4,444	4,671	2,144	692	17,526	
Medium	558	484	966	1,809	3,549	4,278	2,327	778	14,749	
Low	398	395	779	1,662	3,342	4,409	2,577	754	14,316	
Nil	208	246	497	1,034	2,148	2,702	1,604	471	8,910	
Total persons	1,994	1,835	3,604	7,178	13,483	16,060	8,652	2,695	55,501	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	42.2	36.9	36.0	33.7	31.0	27.2	23.6	25.6	29.2	
Medium	27.9	26.5	27.1	25.9	26.2	26.8	26.9	28.2	26.7	
Low	19.5	22.3	22.0	24.8	26.0	28.7	30.2	28.4	27.1	
Nil	10.5	14.4	14.9	15.6	16.8	17.4	19.3	17.9	17.0	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	41.2	40.4	39.6	41.6	36.0	32.7	27.5	26.0	35.4	
Medium	28.1	26.2	26.5	24.4	26.5	26.4	26.9	30.8	26.4	
Low	20.3	20.9	21.2	21.1	22.9	25.1	28.9	26.8	23.7	
Nil	10.4	12.6	12.6	12.9	14.6	15.8	16.8	16.4	14.5	
Total males 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	41.6	38.7	37.8	37.2	33.0	29.1	24.8	25.7	31.6	
Medium	28.0	26.4	26.8	25.2	26.3	26.6	26.9	28.9	26.6	
Low	20.0	21.5	21.6	23.2	24.8	27.5	29.8	28.0	25.8	
Nil	10.4	13.4	13.8	14.4	15.9	16.8	18.5	17.5	16.1	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	

Table A4.4c: ACFI level of care at admission for complex health care, permanent residents admitted
from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex and age group at admission
Level of care (CHC)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Number	
Females										
High	256	231	457	842	1,515	1,685	1,004	420	6,410	
Medium	200	233	427	930	1,792	2,307	1,364	524	7,777	
Low	259	254	616	1,530	3,358	4,546	2,583	763	13,909	
Nil	143	153	333	684	1,538	2,022	1,091	304	6,268	
Total females	858	871	1,833	3,986	8,203	10,560	6,042	2,011	34,364	
Males										
High	347	293	519	880	1,357	1,249	570	157	5,372	
Medium	268	239	425	815	1,341	1,291	642	173	5,194	
Low	310	291	569	1,019	1,829	2,042	980	255	7,295	
Nil	211	141	258	478	753	918	418	99	3,276	
Total males 	1,136	964	1,771	3,192	5,280	5,500	2,610	684	21,137	
Persons										
High	603	524	976	1,722	2,872	2,934	1,574	577	11,782	
Medium	468	472	852	1,745	3,133	3,598	2,006	697	12,971	
Low	569	545	1,185	2,549	5,187	6,588	3,563	1,018	21,204	
Nil	354	294	591	1,162	2,291	2,940	1,509	403	9,544	
Total persons	1,994	1,835	3,604	7,178	13,483	16,060	8,652	2,695	55,501	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	29.8	26.5	24.9	21.1	18.5	16.0	16.6	20.9	18.7	
Medium	23.3	26.8	23.3	23.3	21.8	21.8	22.6	26.1	22.6	
Low	30.2	29.2	33.6	38.4	40.9	43.0	42.8	37.9	40.5	
Nil	16.7	17.6	18.2	17.2	18.7	19.1	18.1	15.1	18.2	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	30.5	30.4	29.3	27.6	25.7	22.7	21.8	23.0	25.4	
Medium	23.6	24.8	24.0	25.5	25.4	23.5	24.6	25.3	24.6	
Low	27.3	30.2	32.1	31.9	34.6	37.1	37.5	37.3	34.5	
Nil	18.6	14.6	14.6	15.0	14.3	16.7	16.0	14.5	15.5	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	30.2	28.6	27.1	24.0	21.3	18.3	18.2	21.4	21.2	
Medium	23.5	25.7	23.6	24.3	23.2	22.4	23.2	25.9	23.4	
Low	28.5	29.7	32.9	35.5	38.5	41.0	41.2	37.8	38.2	
Nil	17.8	16.0	16.4	16.2	17.0	18.3	17.4	15.0	17.2	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Note: The care level is that associated with the last admission during the period.
	
Table A4.5: ACFI level of care for activities of daily living, behaviour care and complex 
health care for permanent residents by sex(a) at 30 June 2010
Level of care	Activities of daily living	Behaviour	Complex health care	
	Number	Per cent		Number 	Per cent		Number 	Per cent	
Females									
High	42,828	37.6		48,373	42.4		19,067	16.7	
Medium	32,724	28.7		27,957	24.5		34,856	30.6	
Low	31,977	28.1		22,938	20.1		43,009	37.7	
Nil	6,458	5.7		14,719	12.9		17,055	15.0	
Total females	113,987	100.0		113,987	100.0		113,987	100.0	
Males									
High	16,754	35.2		20,997	44.1		8,758	18.4	
Medium	13,909	29.2		12,050	25.3		14,129	29.7	
Low	13,469	28.3		9,210	19.3		16,994	35.7	
Nil	3,475	7.3		5,350	11.2		7,726	16.2	
Total males 	47,607	100.0		47,607	100.0		47,607	100.0	
Persons									
High	59,582	36.9		69,370	42.9		27,825	17.2	
Medium	46,633	28.9		40,007	24.8		48,985	30.3	
Low	45,446	28.1		32,148	19.9		60,003	37.1	
Nil	9,933	6.1		20,069	12.4		24,781	15.3	
Total persons	161,594	100.0		161,594	100.0		161,594	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A4.6a: ACFI level of care for activities of daily living, younger people assessed in permanent residential aged care, by age and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (ADL)	<40	40–44	45–49	50–54	55–59	60–64	<65	
	Per cent	
Females								
High	43.3	65.3	50.0	49.1	47.6	40.8	44.9	
Medium	37.3	25.0	29.0	28.0	29.6	30.1	29.6	
Low	17.9	4.2	16.0	18.3	18.0	23.6	20.3	
Nil	1.5	5.6	5.0	4.6	4.9	5.6	5.1	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	67	72	200	389	761	1,430	2,919	
Males								
High	44.0	56.7	43.8	40.7	34.9	31.4	35.3	
Medium	40.5	28.9	27.9	28.7	30.3	28.8	29.4	
Low	14.3	11.1	19.9	23.0	27.5	30.7	27.3	
Nil	1.2	3.3	8.5	7.6	7.3	9.1	8.0	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	84	90	201	499	931	1,714	3,519	
Persons								
High	43.7	60.5	46.9	44.4	40.6	35.7	39.7	
Medium	39.1	27.2	28.4	28.4	30.0	29.4	29.5	
Low	15.9	8.0	18.0	20.9	23.2	27.4	24.1	
Nil	1.3	4.3	6.7	6.3	6.2	7.5	6.7	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	151	162	401	888	1,692	3,144	6,438	

Table A4.6b: ACFI level of care for behaviour, younger people assessed in permanent 
residential aged care, by age and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (BEH)	<40	40–44	45–49	50–54	55–59	60–64	<65	
	Per cent	
Females								
High	43.3	45.8	52.5	56.3	52.6	51.1	52.0	
Medium	26.9	34.7	25.5	22.6	24.2	24.7	24.6	
Low	22.4	9.7	15.0	12.9	16.2	15.6	15.3	
Nil	7.5	9.7	7.0	8.2	7.1	8.6	8.1	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number) 	67	72	200	389	761	1,430	2,919	
Males								
High	38.1	46.7	55.2	54.5	52.1	48.8	50.6	
Medium	38.1	27.8	26.4	22.8	24.6	26.5	25.8	
Low	21.4	20.0	10.9	15.4	15.7	16.6	16.1	
Nil	2.4	5.6	7.5	7.2	7.6	8.1	7.6	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	84	90	201	499	931	1,714	3,519	
Persons								
High	40.4	46.3	53.9	55.3	52.3	49.9	51.2	
Medium	33.1	30.9	25.9	22.7	24.4	25.7	25.3	
Low	21.9	15.4	13.0	14.3	15.9	16.1	15.7	
Nil	4.6	7.4	7.2	7.7	7.4	8.3	7.8	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	151	162	401	888	1,692	3,144	6,438	

Table A4.6c: ACFI level of care for complex health care, younger people assessed in permanent residential aged care, by age group and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (CHC)	<40	40–44	45–49	50–54	55–59	60–64	<65	
	Per cent	
Females								
High	44.8	44.4	32.5	29.6	23.7	21.8	25.1	
Medium	26.9	25.0	29.5	26.2	31.3	31.2	30.2	
Low	20.9	22.2	26.5	29.0	31.0	31.1	30.0	
Nil	7.5	8.3	11.5	15.2	14.1	15.9	14.6	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	67	72	200	389	761	1,430	2,919	
Males								
High	48.8	36.7	21.9	24.0	19.7	20.3	21.9	
Medium	20.2	21.1	33.3	26.7	30.4	29.0	28.9	
Low	25.0	30.0	28.4	31.1	32.1	32.3	31.6	
Nil	6.0	12.2	16.4	18.2	17.8	18.4	17.7	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	84	90	201	499	931	1,714	3,519	
Persons								
High	47.0	40.1	27.2	26.5	21.5	21.0	23.3	
Medium	23.2	22.8	31.4	26.5	30.8	30.0	29.5	
Low	23.2	26.5	27.4	30.2	31.6	31.7	30.9	
Nil	6.6	10.5	14.0	16.9	16.1	17.3	16.3	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	151	162	401	888	1,692	3,144	6,438	

Table A4.7a: ACFI level of care for activities of daily living, all permanent residents, by age group and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (ADL)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	44.9	37.2	39.2	37.6	36.2	35.6	36.9	45.2	37.6	
Medium	29.6	30.6	27.8	28.9	28.9	28.5	28.6	28.7	28.7	
Low	20.3	26.1	27.1	27.9	29.1	30.0	28.6	22.0	28.1	
Nil	5.1	6.1	5.9	5.6	5.8	6.0	5.8	4.2	5.7	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	2,919	2,567	4,878	10,286	22,653	34,315	24,793	11,576	113,987	
Males										
High	35.3	32.1	35.2	38.4	36.9	33.8	33.0	34.6	35.2	
Medium	29.4	29.7	28.9	29.9	29.6	29.1	27.9	29.6	29.2	
Low	27.3	29.2	27.8	24.8	27.0	29.9	31.3	29.2	28.3	
Nil	8.0	8.9	8.1	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.7	7.3	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	3,519	2,663	4,188	6,704	10,262	11,536	6,585	2,150	47,607	
Total persons (number)	6,438	5,230	9,066	16,990	32,915	45,851	31,378	13,726	161,594	

Table A4.7b: ACFI level of care for behaviour, all permanent residents, by age group and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (BEH)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	52.0	51.1	48.7	47.2	44.7	41.4	38.5	38.4	42.4	
Medium	24.6	23.8	24.7	23.7	23.7	24.4	25.1	26.3	24.5	
Low	15.3	16.0	17.0	17.9	19.2	20.6	21.9	22.2	20.1	
Nil	8.1	9.2	9.6	11.2	12.5	13.6	14.6	13.2	12.9	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	2,919	2,567	4,878	10,286	22,653	34,315	24,793	11,576	113,987	
Males										
High	50.6	49.0	48.0	48.4	45.5	41.6	37.8	32.2	44.1	
Medium	25.8	23.8	25.3	24.3	24.8	25.5	25.7	29.6	25.3	
Low	16.1	18.2	17.6	17.7	18.4	20.4	22.5	24.1	19.3	
Nil	7.6	9.0	9.1	9.5	11.2	12.5	14.0	14.1	11.2	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	3,519	2,663	4,188	6,704	10,262	11,536	6,585	2,150	47,607	
Total persons (number)	6,438	5,230	9,066	16,990	32,915	45,851	31,378	13,726	161,594	
Note: The table is for clients whose last appraisal at 30 June 2010 was from the ACFI.
Table A4.7c: ACFI level of care for complex health care, all permanent residents, by age group and 
sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (CHC)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	25.1	20.3	19.8	18.6	16.7	15.3	15.8	17.1	16.7	
Medium	30.2	32.5	31.0	30.5	30.4	30.4	30.5	31.3	30.6	
Low	30.0	32.0	34.1	36.2	37.7	39.0	38.7	38.3	37.7	
Nil	14.6	15.2	15.1	14.7	15.2	15.3	15.1	13.3	15.0	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	2,919	2,567	4,878	10,286	22,653	34,315	24,793	11,576	113,987	
Males										
High	21.9	19.5	19.5	19.8	18.6	17.2	16.6	15.8	18.4	
Medium	28.9	29.5	30.1	30.7	30.3	29.2	28.6	30.2	29.7	
Low	31.6	32.9	34.3	34.7	35.8	37.2	37.9	36.4	35.7	
Nil	17.7	18.1	16.1	14.8	15.3	16.4	16.9	17.6	16.2	
Total males 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	3,519	2,663	4,188	6,704	10,262	11,536	6,585	2,150	47,607	
Total persons (number)	6,438	5,230	9,066	16,990	32,915	45,851	31,378	13,726	161,594	

Table A4.8a: ACFI level of care at admission for activities of daily living, by sex and age group at admission, permanent residents admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (ADL)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	42.1	36.5	32.1	30.7	28.8	27.4	31.1	45.5	30.7	
Medium	27.9	25.9	28.2	27.6	25.3	25.9	25.0	25.0	25.9	
Low	24.7	33.3	34.5	36.8	40.5	41.7	39.7	27.3	38.6	
Nil	5.4	4.2	5.3	4.9	5.4	4.9	4.2	2.2	4.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	858	871	1,833	3,986	8,203	10,560	6,042	2,011	34,364	
Males										
High	36.1	36.0	35.7	39.0	38.8	35.5	36.1	42.1	37.2	
Medium	29.5	25.5	31.1	29.5	26.9	26.0	26.6	26.2	27.4	
Low	28.1	31.0	28.2	26.0	29.8	33.8	32.6	28.7	30.4	
Nil	6.3	7.5	5.0	5.5	4.4	4.7	4.7	3.1	4.9	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	1,136	964	1,771	3,192	5,280	5,500	2,610	684	21,137	
Total persons (number)	1,994	1,835	3,604	7,178	13,483	16,060	8,652	2,695	55,501	

Table A4.8b: ACFI level of care at admission for behaviour, by sex and age group at admission, permanent residents admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (BEH)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	42.2	36.9	36.0	33.7	31.0	27.2	23.6	25.6	29.2	
Medium	27.9	26.5	27.1	25.9	26.2	26.8	26.9	28.2	26.7	
Low	19.5	22.3	22.0	24.8	26.0	28.7	30.2	28.4	27.1	
Nil	10.5	14.4	14.9	15.6	16.8	17.4	19.3	17.9	17.0	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	858	871	1,833	3,986	8,203	10,560	6,042	2,011	34,364	
Males										
High	41.2	40.4	39.6	41.6	36.0	32.7	27.5	26.0	35.4	
Medium	28.1	26.2	26.5	24.4	26.5	26.4	26.9	30.8	26.4	
Low	20.3	20.9	21.2	21.1	22.9	25.1	28.9	26.8	23.7	
Nil	10.4	12.6	12.6	12.9	14.6	15.8	16.8	16.4	14.5	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	1,136	964	1,771	3,192	5,280	5,500	2,610	684	21,137	
Total persons (number)	1,994	1,835	3,604	7,178	13,483	16,060	8,652	2,695	55,501	
Note: The table is for clients whose last appraisal during the time period is from the ACFI.

Table A4.8c: ACFI level of care at admission for complex health care, by sex and age group at 
admission, permanent residents admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Level of care (CHC)	<65	65–69	70–74	75–79	80–84	85–89	90–94	95+	Total	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	29.8	26.5	24.9	21.1	18.5	16.0	16.6	20.9	18.7	
Medium	23.3	26.8	23.3	23.3	21.8	21.8	22.6	26.1	22.6	
Low	30.2	29.2	33.6	38.4	40.9	43.0	42.8	37.9	40.5	
Nil	16.7	17.6	18.2	17.2	18.7	19.1	18.1	15.1	18.2	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	858	871	1,833	3,986	8,203	10,560	6,042	2,011	34,364	
Males										
High	30.5	30.4	29.3	27.6	25.7	22.7	21.8	23.0	25.4	
Medium	23.6	24.8	24.0	25.5	25.4	23.5	24.6	25.3	24.6	
Low	27.3	30.2	32.1	31.9	34.6	37.1	37.5	37.3	34.5	
Nil	18.6	14.6	14.6	15.0	14.3	16.7	16.0	14.5	15.5	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	1,136	964	1,771	3,192	5,280	5,500	2,610	684	21,137	
Total persons (number)	1,994	1,835	3,604	7,178	13,483	16,060	8,652	2,695	55,501	
Note: The table is for clients whose last appraisal during the time period is from the ACFI.

Table A4.9a: ACFI level of care at separation for activities of daily living, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
	Level of care (Activities of daily living)	
Length of stay	High 	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (column)	
Females						
<4 weeks	6.5	4.0	2.8	2.5	5.3	
4–<8 weeks	4.7	3.2	3.9	1.7	4.2	
8–<13 weeks	3.8	3.9	5.1	3.1	4.0	
13–<26 weeks	5.9	8.7	10.9	8.7	7.4	
26–<39 weeks	4.9	6.2	7.9	7.8	5.7	
39–<52 weeks	3.9	4.9	6.6	5.4	4.6	
1–<2 years	13.0	17.8	19.9	17.7	15.2	
2–<3 years	11.8	13.4	13.1	13.4	12.4	
3–<4 years	10.2	10.0	8.9	10.7	10.0	
4–<5 years	8.5	7.7	6.2	8.9	8.0	
5–<8 years	16.2	12.8	10.0	12.3	14.4	
8+ years	10.5	7.3	4.6	7.9	8.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	19,267	8,307	4,501	644	32,719	
Males						
<4 weeks	11.9	7.4	4.2	2.6	9.3	
4–<8 weeks	8.5	5.4	4.9	3.5	7.0	
8–<13 weeks	6.2	6.4	6.9	3.5	6.3	
13–<26 weeks	9.4	12.3	13.0	10.4	10.8	
26–<39 weeks	6.5	7.8	9.5	7.4	7.3	
39–<52 weeks	5.0	6.8	6.7	5.6	5.8	
1–<2 years	15.3	19.0	20.6	20.5	17.2	
2–<3 years	11.0	11.5	12.3	15.6	11.5	
3–<4 years	8.0	8.1	7.3	9.1	7.9	
4–<5 years	5.6	5.1	4.5	7.6	5.3	
5–<8 years	8.2	6.8	6.7	7.3	7.6	
8+ years	4.2	3.4	3.4	6.7	3.9	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	11,092	5,300	2,967	537	19,896	
(continued)

Table A4.9a (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for activities of daily living, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
	Level of care (Activities of daily living)	
Length of stay	High 	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (column)	
Persons						
<4 weeks	8.5	5.3	3.3	2.5	6.8	
4–<8 weeks	6.1	4.0	4.3	2.5	5.2	
8–<13 weeks	4.7	4.9	5.8	3.3	4.9	
13–<26 weeks	7.2	10.1	11.7	9.5	8.6	
26–<39 weeks	5.5	6.8	8.5	7.6	6.3	
39–<52 weeks	4.3	5.6	6.6	5.5	5.0	
1–<2 years	13.8	18.3	20.2	19.0	16.0	
2–<3 years	11.5	12.7	12.8	14.4	12.1	
3–<4 years	9.4	9.3	8.3	10.0	9.2	
4–<5 years	7.4	6.7	5.5	8.3	7.0	
5–<8 years	13.3	10.5	8.7	10.0	11.8	
8+ years	8.2	5.8	4.1	7.4	7.0	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	30,359	13,607	7,468	1,181	52,615	
 (continued)

Table A4.9a (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for activities of daily living, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
		Level of care (Activities of daily living)		
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (row)	
Females						
<4 weeks	72.5	19.4	7.2	0.9	100.0	
4–<8 weeks	66.6	19.6	13.0	0.8	100.0	
8–<13 weeks	56.1	24.7	17.7	1.5	100.0	
13–<26 weeks	47.3	29.9	20.4	2.3	100.0	
26–<39 weeks	50.6	27.7	19.0	2.7	100.0	
39–<52 weeks	50.7	27.1	19.9	2.3	100.0	
1–<2 years	50.1	29.7	18.0	2.3	100.0	
2–<3 years	55.9	27.4	14.5	2.1	100.0	
3–<4 years	60.2	25.5	12.2	2.1	100.0	
4–<5 years	62.7	24.4	10.7	2.2	100.0	
5–<8 years	66.1	22.6	9.6	1.7	100.0	
8+ years	70.1	20.9	7.2	1.8	100.0	
Total females	19,267	8,307	4,501	644	32,719	
Males						
<4 weeks	71.4	21.1	6.7	0.8	100.0	
4–<8 weeks	67.7	20.5	10.5	1.4	100.0	
8–<13 weeks	55.1	27.1	16.2	1.5	100.0	
13–<26 weeks	48.9	30.5	18.0	2.6	100.0	
26–<39 weeks	49.7	28.3	19.3	2.7	100.0	
39–<52 weeks	48.5	31.5	17.4	2.6	100.0	
1–<2 years	49.6	29.4	17.8	3.2	100.0	
2–<3 years	53.6	26.7	16.0	3.7	100.0	
3–<4 years	56.0	27.0	13.8	3.1	100.0	
4–<5 years	58.0	25.6	12.5	3.9	100.0	
5–<8 years	60.2	24.1	13.2	2.6	100.0	
8+ years	59.9	22.8	12.7	4.6	100.0	
Total males	11,092	5,300	2,967	537	19,896	
(continued)

Table A4.9a (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for activities of daily living, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
	Level of care (Activities of daily living)	
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (row)	
Persons						
<4 weeks	71.9	20.3	7.0	0.8	100.0	
4–<8 weeks	67.1	20.0	11.7	1.1	100.0	
8–<13 weeks	55.6	25.9	17.0	1.5	100.0	
13–<26 weeks	48.1	30.2	19.3	2.5	100.0	
26–<39 weeks	50.2	28.0	19.1	2.7	100.0	
39–<52 weeks	49.7	29.0	18.8	2.5	100.0	
1–<2 years	49.9	29.5	17.9	2.7	100.0	
2–<3 years	55.1	27.2	15.0	2.7	100.0	
3–<4 years	58.9	26.0	12.7	2.4	100.0	
4–<5 years	61.4	24.8	11.2	2.7	100.0	
5–<8 years	64.7	23.0	10.5	1.9	100.0	
8+ years	67.9	21.3	8.4	2.4	100.0	
Total persons (number)	30,359	13,607	7,468	1,181	52,615	
Note: The length of stay is the length of stay evaluated from the last separation in the period. Transfers are not regarded as separations.

Table A4.9b: ACFI level of care at separation for behaviour, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
		Level of care (Behaviour)		
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (column)	
Females						
<4 wks	2.8	5.8	7.4	10.6	5.3	
4–<8 wks	3.2	4.7	4.6	5.9	4.2	
8–<13 wks	3.3	3.9	4.8	5.2	4.0	
13–<26 wks	6.1	7.6	8.8	9.0	7.4	
26–<39 wks	5.1	5.7	6.0	7.9	5.7	
39–<52 wks	4.5	4.6	4.3	5.5	4.6	
1–<2 yrs	15.6	14.9	14.4	16.6	15.2	
2–<3 yrs	13.6	11.5	11.7	11.3	12.4	
3–<4 yrs	10.9	10.0	9.1	8.0	10.0	
4–<5 yrs	9.3	7.3	7.4	5.5	8.0	
5–<8 yrs	16.2	14.7	12.4	9.7	14.4	
8+ yrs	9.4	9.3	9.1	4.9	8.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	14,086	8,817	6,572	3,244	32,719	
Males						
<4 wks	6.3	8.6	12.5	18.1	9.3	
4–<8 wks	6.2	7.6	7.1	8.6	7.0	
8–<13 wks	5.6	6.6	7.2	6.8	6.3	
13–<26 wks	10.3	10.7	11.0	12.3	10.8	
26–<39 wks	7.4	7.2	7.8	6.5	7.3	
39–<52 wks	6.0	5.8	5.1	6.1	5.8	
1–<2 yrs	18.1	16.9	16.2	16.1	17.2	
2–<3 yrs	12.7	11.4	10.3	9.0	11.5	
3–<4 yrs	8.6	7.9	7.2	6.7	7.9	
4–<5 yrs	6.1	5.1	5.3	2.7	5.3	
5–<8 yrs	8.1	8.1	7.3	4.6	7.6	
8+ yrs	4.5	4.3	3.1	2.3	3.9	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	8,885	5,118	3,814	2,079	19,896	
(continued)

Table A4.9b (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for behaviour, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
	Level of care (Behaviour)	
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (column)	
Persons						
<4 wks	4.2	6.8	9.2	13.6	6.8	
4–<8 wks	4.4	5.7	5.5	6.9	5.2	
8–<13 wks	4.2	4.9	5.7	5.8	4.9	
13–<26 wks	7.8	8.7	9.6	10.3	8.6	
26–<39 wks	6.0	6.3	6.7	7.3	6.3	
39–<52 wks	5.0	5.0	4.6	5.7	5.0	
1–<2 yrs	16.6	15.6	15.1	16.4	16.0	
2–<3 yrs	13.2	11.5	11.2	10.4	12.1	
3–<4 yrs	10.0	9.2	8.4	7.5	9.2	
4–<5 yrs	8.1	6.5	6.6	4.4	7.0	
5–<8 yrs	13.1	12.3	10.5	7.7	11.8	
8+ yrs	7.5	7.4	6.9	3.9	7.0	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	22,971	13,935	10,386	5,323	52,615	
Note: The length of stay is the length of stay evaluated from the last separation in the period.	 (continued)
Transfers are not regarded as separations.

Table A4.9b (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for behaviour, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
		Level of care (Behaviour)		
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (row)	
Females						
<4 weeks	22.8	29.4	27.9	19.9	100.0	
4–<8 weeks	33.6	30.2	22.2	14.0	100.0	
8–<13 weeks	36.1	26.6	24.3	13.0	100.0	
13–<26 weeks	36.0	27.9	23.9	12.1	100.0	
26–<39 weeks	38.1	27.0	21.2	13.6	100.0	
39–<52 weeks	41.9	27.3	18.9	11.9	100.0	
1–<2 years	43.9	26.3	19.0	10.8	100.0	
2–<3 years	47.1	25.0	18.9	9.0	100.0	
3–<4 years	46.8	26.9	18.4	8.0	100.0	
4–<5 years	50.1	24.6	18.5	6.8	100.0	
5–<8 years	48.5	27.5	17.3	6.7	100.0	
8+ years	45.6	28.2	20.7	5.5	100.0	
Total females	43.1	26.9	20.1	9.9	100.0	
Total females (number)	14,086	8,817	6,572	3,244	32,719	
Males						
<4 weeks	30.2	23.8	25.6	20.3	100.0	
4–<8 weeks	39.8	27.8	19.5	12.9	100.0	
8–<13 weeks	40.0	27.0	21.7	11.3	100.0	
13–<26 weeks	42.9	25.5	19.7	12.0	100.0	
26–<39 weeks	45.1	25.2	20.4	9.3	100.0	
39–<52 weeks	46.3	25.7	16.8	11.1	100.0	
1–<2 years	47.0	25.3	18.0	9.8	100.0	
2–<3 years	49.2	25.4	17.1	8.2	100.0	
3–<4 years	48.4	25.5	17.3	8.8	100.0	
4–<5 years	51.1	24.6	18.9	5.4	100.0	
5–<8 years	47.8	27.3	18.6	6.4	100.0	
8+ years	51.1	27.8	15.2	6.0	100.0	
Total males	44.7	25.7	19.2	10.4	100.0	
Total males (number)	8,885	5,118	3,814	2,079	19,896	
(continued)

Table A4.9b (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for behaviour, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
	Level of care (Behaviour)	
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (row)	
Persons						
<4 weeks	26.6	26.5	26.7	20.1	100.0	
4–<8 weeks	36.7	29.0	20.9	13.4	100.0	
8–<13 weeks	38.0	26.8	23.0	12.2	100.0	
13–<26 weeks	39.2	26.8	21.9	12.1	100.0	
26–<39 weeks	41.2	26.2	20.9	11.7	100.0	
39–<52 weeks	43.8	26.6	18.0	11.5	100.0	
1–<2 years	45.2	25.9	18.6	10.4	100.0	
2–<3 years	47.9	25.2	18.3	8.7	100.0	
3–<4 years	47.3	26.5	18.0	8.2	100.0	
4–<5 years	50.4	24.6	18.6	6.4	100.0	
5–<8 years	48.3	27.5	17.6	6.6	100.0	
8+ years	46.8	28.1	19.5	5.6	100.0	
Total persons	43.7	26.5	19.7	10.1	100.0	
Total persons (number)	22,971	13,935	10,386	5,323	52,615	

Table A4.9c ACFI level of care at separation for complex health care, by sex and length 
of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
		Level of care (Complex health care)		
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (column)	
Females						
<4 wks	10.9	2.8	2.5	2.9	5.3	
4–<8 wks	7.2	2.8	2.7	2.5	4.2	
8–<13 wks	5.4	3.5	3.2	3.0	4.0	
13–<26 wks	7.5	6.7	7.6	8.8	7.4	
26–<39 wks	6.2	5.1	5.5	7.3	5.7	
39–<52 wks	4.3	4.4	4.6	6.5	4.6	
1–<2 yrs	13.0	16.0	16.1	18.4	15.2	
2–<3 yrs	10.8	12.7	13.6	13.7	12.4	
3–<4 yrs	8.2	11.1	10.8	10.0	10.0	
4–<5 yrs	6.8	8.9	8.4	7.7	8.0	
5–<8 yrs	12.4	16.2	15.1	12.7	14.4	
8+ yrs	7.4	9.9	9.8	6.5	8.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total females (number)	10,355	9,876	10,040	2,448	32,719	
Males						
<4 wks	17.5	5.4	4.3	4.1	9.3	
4–<8 wks	11.1	5.0	4.5	4.1	7.0	
8–<13 wks	7.6	5.7	5.7	5.0	6.3	
13–<26 wks	10.3	10.7	11.6	10.4	10.8	
26–<39 wks	7.5	6.9	7.5	7.6	7.3	
39–<52 wks	5.2	5.8	6.2	6.8	5.8	
1–<2 yrs	13.7	18.3	19.8	20.3	17.2	
2–<3 yrs	8.3	13.4	12.8	14.1	11.5	
3–<4 yrs	5.7	9.9	8.9	7.8	7.9	
4–<5 yrs	4.4	6.0	5.7	5.9	5.3	
5–<8 yrs	5.6	8.6	8.9	8.1	7.6	
8+ yrs	3.2	4.2	4.1	5.7	3.9	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total males (number)	7,140	5,604	5,514	1,638	19,896	
(continued)

Table A4.9c(continued) ACFI level of care at separation for complex health care, by sex and length 
of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
	Level of care (Complex health care)	
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (columns)	
Persons						
<4 wks	13.6	3.7	3.2	3.4	6.8	
4–<8 wks	8.8	3.6	3.4	3.2	5.2	
8–<13 wks	6.3	4.3	4.1	3.8	4.9	
13–<26 wks	8.6	8.1	9.0	9.4	8.6	
26–<39 wks	6.7	5.7	6.2	7.4	6.3	
39–<52 wks	4.6	4.9	5.2	6.6	5.0	
1–<2 yrs	13.3	16.8	17.4	19.1	16.0	
2–<3 yrs	9.8	13.0	13.3	13.9	12.1	
3–<4 yrs	7.2	10.7	10.1	9.2	9.2	
4–<5 yrs	5.8	7.8	7.5	7.0	7.0	
5–<8 yrs	9.6	13.4	12.9	10.8	11.8	
8+ yrs	5.7	7.9	7.8	6.2	7.0	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Total persons (number)	17,495	15,480	15,554	4,086	52,615	
(continued)

Table A4.9c (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for complex health care, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
		Level of care (Complex health care)		
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (row)	
Females						
<4 wks	65.4	15.9	14.6	4.2	100.0	
4–<8 wks	54.6	20.6	20.2	4.6	100.0	
8–<13 wks	42.7	26.8	24.9	5.6	100.0	
13–<26 wks	32.1	27.3	31.6	9.0	100.0	
26–<39 wks	34.0	27.0	29.4	9.6	100.0	
39–<52 wks	29.5	28.8	31.1	10.6	100.0	
1–<2 yrs	27.0	31.6	32.4	9.0	100.0	
2–<3 yrs	27.5	30.8	33.5	8.2	100.0	
3–<4 yrs	26.0	33.5	33.0	7.5	100.0	
4–<5 yrs	27.0	33.5	32.4	7.2	100.0	
5–<8 yrs	27.3	33.9	32.3	6.6	100.0	
8+ yrs	26.5	33.9	34.1	5.5	100.0	
Total females	31.6	30.2	30.7	7.5	100.0	
Total females (number)	10,355	9,876	10,040	2,448	32,719	
Males						
<4 wks	67.3	16.3	12.8	3.6	100.0	
4–<8 wks	56.9	20.3	18.0	4.8	100.0	
8–<13 wks	43.0	25.6	24.8	6.5	100.0	
13–<26 wks	34.2	28.1	29.8	7.9	100.0	
26–<39 wks	36.6	26.3	28.5	8.6	100.0	
39–<52 wks	32.2	28.4	29.7	9.8	100.0	
1–<2 yrs	28.6	29.9	31.8	9.7	100.0	
2–<3 yrs	26.1	32.9	30.9	10.1	100.0	
3–<4 yrs	25.8	35.0	31.1	8.1	100.0	
4–<5 yrs	29.5	31.9	29.5	9.1	100.0	
5–<8 yrs	26.6	31.9	32.7	8.8	100.0	
8+ yrs	29.2	29.9	28.9	12.0	100.0	
Total males	35.9	28.2	27.7	8.2	100.0	
Total males (number)	7,140	5,604	5,514	1,638	19,896	
   (continued)

Table A4.9c (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for complex health care, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
	Level of care (Complex health care)	
Length of stay	High	Medium	Low	Nil	Total	
	Per cent (row)	
Persons						
<4 wks	66.4	16.1	13.7	3.9	100.0	
4–<8 wks	55.8	20.5	19.1	4.7	100.0	
8–<13 wks	42.9	26.2	24.9	6.1	100.0	
13–<26 wks	33.1	27.7	30.7	8.5	100.0	
26–<39 wks	35.1	26.7	29.0	9.1	100.0	
39–<52 wks	30.7	28.6	30.5	10.3	100.0	
1–<2 yrs	27.7	30.9	32.2	9.3	100.0	
2–<3 yrs	27.0	31.6	32.6	8.9	100.0	
3–<4 yrs	25.9	34.0	32.4	7.7	100.0	
4–<5 yrs	27.7	33.0	31.5	7.7	100.0	
5–<8 yrs	27.1	33.4	32.4	7.1	100.0	
8+ yrs	27.1	33.1	33.0	6.9	100.0	
Total persons	33.3	29.4	29.6	7.8	100.0	
Total persons (number)	17,495	15,480	15,554	4,086	52,615	

Table A4.10: Diagnosed dementia/mental illness for residents with an ACFI appraisal(a), by sex and state/territory(b), 30 June 2010
Conditions	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females		 								
Dementia and mental illness	8,658	6,417	4,277	2,337	3,132	567	281	32	25,701	
Dementia only 	12,500	8,612	5,992	3,006	3,032	936	365	113	34,556	
Mental Illness only 	8,886	7,602	5,019	2,310	2,884	702	288	39	27,730	
No Dementia/no mental illness	8,812	6,971	4,915	2,029	2,119	801	287	66	26,000	
Total females	38,856	29,602	20,203	9,682	11,167	3,006	1,221	250	113,987	
Males										
Dementia and mental illness	3,398	2,285	1,675	829	1,052	216	102	26	9,583	
Dementia only 	4,943	3,498	2,626	1,143	1,127	378	166	62	13,943	
Mental Illness only 	4,215	3,485	2,374	955	1,141	269	123	24	12,586	
No Dementia/no mental illness	3,911	2,959	2,331	954	872	303	118	47	11,495	
Total males	16,467	12,227	9,006	3,881	4,192	1,166	509	159	47,607	
Persons										
Dementia and mental illness	12,056	8,702	5,952	3,166	4,184	783	383	58	35,284	
Dementia only 	17,443	12,110	8,618	4,149	4,159	1,314	531	175	48,499	
Mental Illness only 	13,101	11,087	7,393	3,265	4,025	971	411	63	40,316	
No Dementia/no mental illness	12,723	9,930	7,246	2,983	2,991	1,104	405	113	37,495	
Total persons	55,323	41,829	29,209	13,563	15,359	4,172	1,730	409	161,594	
(continued)

Table A4.10 (continued): Diagnosed dementia/mental illness for residents with an ACFI appraisal(a), by sex and state/territory(b), 30 June 2010
Conditions	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
Dementia and mental illness	22.3	21.7	21.2	24.1	28.0	18.9	23.0	12.8	22.5	
Dementia only 	32.2	29.1	29.7	31.0	27.2	31.1	29.9	45.2	30.3	
Mental Illness only 	22.9	25.7	24.8	23.9	25.8	23.4	23.6	15.6	24.3	
No Dementia/no mental illness	13.0	12.5	14.5	11.4	11.9	15.5	14.0	13.2	13.0	
Missing	9.7	11.0	9.8	9.5	7.1	11.1	9.5	13.2	9.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
Dementia and mental illness	20.6	18.7	18.6	21.4	25.1	18.5	20.0	16.4	20.1	
Dementia only 	30.0	28.6	29.2	29.5	26.9	32.4	32.6	39.0	29.3	
Mental Illness only 	25.6	28.5	26.4	24.6	27.2	23.1	24.2	15.1	26.4	
No Dementia/no mental illness	13.2	13.2	15.6	13.0	13.0	17.3	11.8	17.6	13.7	
Missing	10.6	11.0	10.2	11.6	7.8	8.7	11.4	11.9	10.4	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
Dementia and mental illness	21.8	20.8	20.4	23.3	27.2	18.8	22.1	14.2	21.8	
Dementia only 	31.5	29.0	29.5	30.6	27.1	31.5	30.7	42.8	30.0	
Mental Illness only 	23.7	26.5	25.3	24.1	26.2	23.3	23.8	15.4	24.9	
No Dementia/no mental illness	13.0	12.7	14.9	11.9	12.2	16.0	13.4	14.9	13.2	
Missing	10.0	11.0	9.9	10.1	7.3	10.4	10.1	12.7	10.0	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Comprises clients with an ACFI appraisal that contains information on their dementia status (88% of all ACFI appraised clients).
(b)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A4.11a: ACFI care level at admission,(a) for activities of daily living, permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Activities of daily living
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
High	3,906	2,513	1,779	869	1,088	276	96	23	10,550	
Medium	3,028	1,993	1,719	722	1,010	330	77	25	8,904	
Low	4,252	3,885	2,235	1,320	983	399	181	19	13,274	
Nil	642	380	335	105	105	33	34	2	1,636	
Total females	11,828	8,771	6,068	3,016	3,186	1,038	388	69	34,364	
Males										
High	2,949	1,829	1,374	635	783	200	76	21	7,867	
Medium	1,956	1,356	1,174	469	580	166	70	25	5,796	
Low	2,040	1,853	1,201	610	453	173	81	19	6,430	
Nil	385	259	230	61	56	37	15	1	1,044	
Total males 	7,330	5,297	3,979	1,775	1,872	576	242	66	21,137	
Persons										
High	6,855	4,342	3,153	1,504	1,871	476	172	44	18,417	
Medium	4,984	3,349	2,893	1,191	1,590	496	147	50	14,700	
Low	6,292	5,738	3,436	1,930	1,436	572	262	38	19,704	
Nil	1,027	639	565	166	161	70	49	3	2,680	
Total persons	19,158	14,068	10,047	4,791	5,058	1,614	630	135	55,501	
(continued)

Table A4.11a (continued): ACFI care level at admission,(a) for activities of daily living, permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Activities of daily living
	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	33.0	28.7	29.3	28.8	34.1	26.6	24.7	33.3	30.7	
Medium	25.6	22.7	28.3	23.9	31.7	31.8	19.8	36.2	25.9	
Low	35.9	44.3	36.8	43.8	30.9	38.4	46.6	27.5	38.6	
Nil	5.4	4.3	5.5	3.5	3.3	3.2	8.8	2.9	4.8	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	40.2	34.5	34.5	35.8	41.8	34.7	31.4	31.8	37.2	
Medium	26.7	25.6	29.5	26.4	31.0	28.8	28.9	37.9	27.4	
Low	27.8	35.0	30.2	34.4	24.2	30.0	33.5	28.8	30.4	
Nil	5.3	4.9	5.8	3.4	3.0	6.4	6.2	1.5	4.9	
Total males 	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	35.8	30.9	31.4	31.4	37.0	29.5	27.3	32.6	33.2	
Medium	26.0	23.8	28.8	24.9	31.4	30.7	23.3	37.0	26.5	
Low	32.8	40.8	34.2	40.3	28.4	35.4	41.6	28.1	35.5	
Nil	5.4	4.5	5.6	3.5	3.2	4.3	7.8	2.2	4.8	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	The level is that associated with the last admission in the period.
(b)	Refers to the location of the services.
Note: The table is for clients whose last appraisal during the time period is from the ACFI.

Table A4.11b: ACFI behaviour care level at admission,(a) permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Behaviour care	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
High	3,620	2,329	1,613	903	1,179	271	109	18	10,042	
Medium	3,170	2,340	1,541	840	891	258	108	20	9,168	
Low	2,991	2,668	1,637	830	771	291	101	16	9,305	
Nil	2,047	1,434	1,277	443	345	218	70	15	5,849	
Total females	11,828	8,771	6,068	3,016	3,186	1,038	388	69	34,364	
Males										
High	2,623	1,800	1,273	681	828	172	85	22	7,484	
Medium	1,931	1,411	991	505	518	139	63	23	5,581	
Low	1,697	1,351	984	392	365	164	50	8	5,011	
Nil	1,079	735	731	197	161	101	44	13	3,061	
Total males malemalesfemales	7,330	5,297	3,979	1,775	1,872	576	242	66	21,137	
Persons										
High	6,243	4,129	2,886	1,584	2,007	443	194	40	17,526	
Medium	5,101	3,751	2,532	1,345	1,409	397	171	43	14,749	
Low	4,688	4,019	2,621	1,222	1,136	455	151	24	14,316	
Nil	3,126	2,169	2,008	640	506	319	114	28	8,910	
Total persons	19,158	14,068	10,047	4,791	5,058	1,614	630	135	55,501	
(continued)

Table A4.11b (continued): ACFI behaviour care level at admission,(a) permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Behaviour care	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	30.6	26.6	26.6	29.9	37.0	26.1	28.1	26.1	29.2	
Medium	26.8	26.7	25.4	27.9	28.0	24.9	27.8	29.0	26.7	
Low	25.3	30.4	27.0	27.5	24.2	28.0	26.0	23.2	27.1	
Nil	17.3	16.3	21.0	14.7	10.8	21.0	18.0	21.7	17.0	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	35.8	34.0	32.0	38.4	44.2	29.9	35.1	33.3	35.4	
Medium	26.3	26.6	24.9	28.5	27.7	24.1	26.0	34.8	26.4	
Low	23.2	25.5	24.7	22.1	19.5	28.5	20.7	12.1	23.7	
Nil	14.7	13.9	18.4	11.1	8.6	17.5	18.2	19.7	14.5	
Total males malemalesfemales	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	32.6	29.4	28.7	33.1	39.7	27.4	30.8	29.6	31.6	
Medium	26.6	26.7	25.2	28.1	27.9	24.6	27.1	31.9	26.6	
Low	24.5	28.6	26.1	25.5	22.5	28.2	24.0	17.8	25.8	
Nil	16.3	15.4	20.0	13.4	10.0	19.8	18.1	20.7	16.1	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	The level is that associated with the last admission in the period.
(b)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A4.11c: ACFI complex health care level at admission,(a) permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Complex health care	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
High	2,319	1,534	951	443	878	224	49	12	6,410	
Medium	2,747	1,882	1,311	694	838	198	89	18	7,777	
Low	4,633	3,809	2,418	1,342	1,104	414	168	21	13,909	
Nil	2,129	1,546	1,388	537	366	202	82	18	6,268	
Total females	11,828	8,771	6,068	3,016	3,186	1,038	388	69	34,364	
Males										
High	1,976	1,236	868	367	673	177	59	16	5,372	
Medium	1,844	1,280	959	449	472	116	61	13	5,194	
Low	2,413	1,966	1,412	646	560	188	82	28	7,295	
Nil	1,097	815	740	313	167	95	40	9	3,276	
Total males malemalesfemales	7,330	5,297	3,979	1,775	1,872	576	242	66	21,137	
Persons										
High	4,295	2,770	1,819	810	1,551	401	108	28	11,782	
Medium	4,591	3,162	2,270	1,143	1,310	314	150	31	12,971	
Low	7,046	5,775	3,830	1,988	1,664	602	250	49	21,204	
Nil	3,226	2,361	2,128	850	533	297	122	27	9,544	
Total persons	19,158	14,068	10,047	4,791	5,058	1,614	630	135	55,501	
(continued)

Table A4.11c (continued): ACFI complex health care level at admission,(a) permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Complex health care	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	19.6	17.5	15.7	14.7	27.6	21.6	12.6	17.4	18.7	
Medium	23.2	21.5	21.6	23.0	26.3	19.1	22.9	26.1	22.6	
Low	39.2	43.4	39.8	44.5	34.7	39.9	43.3	30.4	40.5	
Nil	18.0	17.6	22.9	17.8	11.5	19.5	21.1	26.1	18.2	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	27.0	23.3	21.8	20.7	36.0	30.7	24.4	24.2	25.4	
Medium	25.2	24.2	24.1	25.3	25.2	20.1	25.2	19.7	24.6	
Low	32.9	37.1	35.5	36.4	29.9	32.6	33.9	42.4	34.5	
Nil	15.0	15.4	18.6	17.6	8.9	16.5	16.5	13.6	15.5	
Total males malemalesfemales	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	22.4	19.7	18.1	16.9	30.7	24.8	17.1	20.7	21.2	
Medium	24.0	22.5	22.6	23.9	25.9	19.5	23.8	23.0	23.4	
Low	36.8	41.1	38.1	41.5	32.9	37.3	39.7	36.3	38.2	
Nil	16.8	16.8	21.2	17.7	10.5	18.4	19.4	20.0	17.2	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	The level is that associated with the last admission in the period.
(b)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A4.12a: ACFI care level for activities of daily living, for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010
Activities of daily living	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
High	14,788	11,375	7,392	3,557	4,198	1,024	380	114	42,828	
Medium	11,153	7,899	6,018	2,701	3,694	861	325	73	32,724	
Low	10,439	8,900	5,499	2,983	2,760	915	428	53	31,977	
Nil	2,476	1,428	1,294	441	515	206	88	10	6,458	
Total females	38,856	29,602	20,203	9,682	11,167	3,006	1,221	250	113,987	
Males										
High	5,869	4,382	3,006	1,410	1,470	370	193	54	16,754	
Medium	4,798	3,349	2,717	1,053	1,429	362	145	56	13,909	
Low	4,479	3,661	2,526	1,211	1,070	338	143	41	13,469	
Nil	1,321	835	757	207	223	96	28	8	3,475	
Total males malemalesfemales	16,467	12,227	9,006	3,881	4,192	1,166	509	159	47,607	
Persons										
High	20,657	15,757	10,398	4,967	5,668	1,394	573	168	59,582	
Medium	15,951	11,248	8,735	3,754	5,123	1,223	470	129	46,633	
Low	14,918	12,561	8,025	4,194	3,830	1,253	571	94	45,446	
Nil	3,797	2,263	2,051	648	738	302	116	18	9,933	
Total persons	55,323	41,829	29,209	13,563	15,359	4,172	1,730	409	161,594	
(continued)

Table A4.12a (continued): ACFI care level for activities of daily living, for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010
Activities of daily living	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	38.1	38.4	36.6	36.7	37.6	34.1	31.1	45.6	37.6	
Medium	28.7	26.7	29.8	27.9	33.1	28.6	26.6	29.2	28.7	
Low	26.9	30.1	27.2	30.8	24.7	30.4	35.1	21.2	28.1	
Nil	6.4	4.8	6.4	4.6	4.6	6.9	7.2	4.0	5.7	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	35.6	35.8	33.4	36.3	35.1	31.7	37.9	34.0	35.2	
Medium	29.1	27.4	30.2	27.1	34.1	31.0	28.5	35.2	29.2	
Low	27.2	29.9	28.0	31.2	25.5	29.0	28.1	25.8	28.3	
Nil	8.0	6.8	8.4	5.3	5.3	8.2	5.5	5.0	7.3	
Total males malemalesfemales	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	37.3	37.7	35.6	36.6	36.9	33.4	33.1	41.1	36.9	
Medium	28.8	26.9	29.9	27.7	33.4	29.3	27.2	31.5	28.9	
Low	27.0	30.0	27.5	30.9	24.9	30.0	33.0	23.0	28.1	
Nil	6.9	5.4	7.0	4.8	4.8	7.2	6.7	4.4	6.1	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A4.12b: ACFI behaviour care level for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010 
Behaviour care	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
High	16,587	12,828	7,575	4,321	5,444	982	558	78	48,373	
Medium	9,397	7,376	4,876	2,402	2,846	704	273	83	27,957	
Low	7,709	5,874	4,435	1,905	1,991	735	227	62	22,938	
Nil	5,163	3,524	3,317	1,054	886	585	163	27	14,719	
Total females	38,856	29,602	20,203	9,682	11,167	3,006	1,221	250	113,987	
Males										
High	7,321	5,568	3,453	1,807	2,125	420	247	56	20,997	
Medium	4,082	3,222	2,272	957	1,076	271	128	42	12,050	
Low	3,137	2,277	1,940	735	701	299	81	40	9,210	
Nil	1,927	1,160	1,341	382	290	176	53	21	5,350	
Total males malemalesfemales	16,467	12,227	9,006	3,881	4,192	1,166	509	159	47,607	
Persons										
High	23,908	18,396	11,028	6,128	7,569	1,402	805	134	69,370	
Medium	13,479	10,598	7,148	3,359	3,922	975	401	125	40,007	
Low	10,846	8,151	6,375	2,640	2,692	1,034	308	102	32,148	
Nil	7,090	4,684	4,658	1,436	1,176	761	216	48	20,069	
Total persons	55,323	41,829	29,209	13,563	15,359	4,172	1,730	409	161,594	
(continued)

Table A4.12b (continued): ACFI behaviour care level for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010 
Behaviour care	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	42.7	43.3	37.5	44.6	48.8	32.7	45.7	31.2	42.4	
Medium	24.2	24.9	24.1	24.8	25.5	23.4	22.4	33.2	24.5	
Low	19.8	19.8	22.0	19.7	17.8	24.5	18.6	24.8	20.1	
Nil	13.3	11.9	16.4	10.9	7.9	19.5	13.3	10.8	12.9	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	44.5	45.5	38.3	46.6	50.7	36.0	48.5	35.2	44.1	
Medium	24.8	26.4	25.2	24.7	25.7	23.2	25.1	26.4	25.3	
Low	19.1	18.6	21.5	18.9	16.7	25.6	15.9	25.2	19.3	
Nil	11.7	9.5	14.9	9.8	6.9	15.1	10.4	13.2	11.2	
Total males malemalesfemales	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	43.2	44.0	37.8	45.2	49.3	33.6	46.5	32.8	42.9	
Medium	24.4	25.3	24.5	24.8	25.5	23.4	23.2	30.6	24.8	
Low	19.6	19.5	21.8	19.5	17.5	24.8	17.8	24.9	19.9	
Nil	12.8	11.2	15.9	10.6	7.7	18.2	12.5	11.7	12.4	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Table A4.12c: ACFI complex health care level for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010 
Complex health care	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
High	6,385	5,200	2,751	1,422	2,549	533	181	46	19,067	
Medium	11,921	9,365	5,476	3,185	3,649	778	418	64	34,856	
Low	14,537	10,969	8,194	3,785	3,827	1,179	422	96	43,009	
Nil	6,013	4,068	3,782	1,290	1,142	516	200	44	17,055	
Total females	38,856	29,602	20,203	9,682	11,167	3,006	1,221	250	113,987	
Males										
High	3,024	2,281	1,399	654	1,052	216	98	34	8,758	
Medium	4,852	3,786	2,494	1,246	1,257	300	157	37	14,129	
Low	5,893	4,272	3,363	1,370	1,421	447	175	53	16,994	
Nil	2,698	1,888	1,750	611	462	203	79	35	7,726	
Total males malemalesfemales	16,467	12,227	9,006	3,881	4,192	1,166	509	159	47,607	
Persons										
High	9,409	7,481	4,150	2,076	3,601	749	279	80	27,825	
Medium	16,773	13,151	7,970	4,431	4,906	1,078	575	101	48,985	
Low	20,430	15,241	11,557	5,155	5,248	1,626	597	149	60,003	
Nil	8,711	5,956	5,532	1,901	1,604	719	279	79	24,781	
Total persons	55,323	41,829	29,209	13,563	15,359	4,172	1,730	409	161,594	
(continued)

Table A4.12c (continued): ACFI complex health care level for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010 
Complex health care	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent	
Females										
High	16.4	17.6	13.6	14.7	22.8	17.7	14.8	18.4	16.7	
Medium	30.7	31.6	27.1	32.9	32.7	25.9	34.2	25.6	30.6	
Low	37.4	37.1	40.6	39.1	34.3	39.2	34.6	38.4	37.7	
Nil	15.5	13.7	18.7	13.3	10.2	17.2	16.4	17.6	15.0	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
High	18.4	18.7	15.5	16.9	25.1	18.5	19.3	21.4	18.4	
Medium	29.5	31.0	27.7	32.1	30.0	25.7	30.8	23.3	29.7	
Low	35.8	34.9	37.3	35.3	33.9	38.3	34.4	33.3	35.7	
Nil	16.4	15.4	19.4	15.7	11.0	17.4	15.5	22.0	16.2	
Total males malemalesfemales	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
High	17.0	17.9	14.2	15.3	23.4	18.0	16.1	19.6	17.2	
Medium	30.3	31.4	27.3	32.7	31.9	25.8	33.2	24.7	30.3	
Low	36.9	36.4	39.6	38.0	34.2	39.0	34.5	36.4	37.1	
Nil	15.7	14.2	18.9	14.0	10.4	17.2	16.1	19.3	15.3	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
(a)	Refers to the location of the services.

Appendix 5: Population data
Table A5.1: Population, by age, sex and state/territory, 30 June 2010
Age group (years)	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Number	
Females										
under 65	3,094,341	2,380,367	1,957,609	984,360	689,662	214,422	159,896	104,720	9,585,377	
65–69	152,935	113,392	90,844	43,133	37,614	12,353	6,317	2,505	459,093	
70–74	123,766	93,188	68,467	34,143	31,105	9,771	4,648	1,493	366,581	
75–79	101,362	76,417	52,977	26,678	25,840	7,853	3,490	884	295,501	
80–84	86,724	65,348	43,793	21,600	23,122	6,283	2,897	552	250,319	
85+	90,957	67,249	45,327	21,944	24,708	6,510	3,007	469	260,171	
Total females	3,650,085	2,795,961	2,259,017	1,131,858	832,051	257,192	180,255	110,623	11,217,042	
Males										
under 65	3,126,137	2,407,101	1,991,152	1,035,133	697,964	214,164	161,792	112,232	9,745,675	
65–69	148,628	109,162	91,895	44,003	35,369	12,190	5,887	3,178	450,312	
70–74	115,104	85,473	67,416	32,887	27,736	9,094	4,208	1,888	343,806	
75–79	86,876	65,292	47,865	23,693	21,646	6,790	3,017	915	256,094	
80–84	64,718	48,867	33,915	16,793	17,201	4,793	2,113	579	188,979	
85+	47,271	35,671	25,101	12,044	12,675	3,403	1,622	260	138,047	
Total males	3,588,734	2,751,566	2,257,344	1,164,553	812,591	250,434	178,639	119,052	11,122,913	
Persons										
under 65	6,220,478	4,787,468	3,948,761	2,019,493	1,387,626	428,586	321,688	216,952	19,331,052	
65–69	301,563	222,554	182,739	87,136	72,983	24,543	12,204	5,683	909,405	
70–74	238,870	178,661	135,883	67,030	58,841	18,865	8,856	3,381	710,387	
75–79	188,238	141,709	100,842	50,371	47,486	14,643	6,507	1,799	551,595	
80–84	151,442	114,215	77,708	38,393	40,323	11,076	5,010	1,131	439,298	
85+	138,228	102,920	70,428	33,988	37,383	9,913	4,629	729	398,218	
Total persons	7,238,819	5,547,527	4,516,361	2,296,411	1,644,642	507,626	358,894	229,675	22,339,955	
(continued)

Table A5.1 (continued): Population, by age, sex and state/territory, 30 June 2010
Age (years)	NSW	Vic	Qld	WA	SA	Tas	ACT	NT	Australia	
	Per cent

Females										
under 65	84.8	85.1	86.7	87.0	82.9	83.4	88.7	94.7	85.5	
65–69	4.2	4.1	4.0	3.8	4.5	4.8	3.5	2.3	4.1	
70–74	3.4	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.7	3.8	2.6	1.3	3.3	
75–79	2.8	2.7	2.3	2.4	3.1	3.1	1.9	0.8	2.6	
80–84	2.4	2.3	1.9	1.9	2.8	2.4	1.6	0.5	2.2	
85+	2.5	2.4	2.0	1.9	3.0	2.5	1.7	0.4	2.3	
Total females	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Males										
under 65	87.1	87.5	88.2	88.9	85.9	85.5	90.6	94.3	87.6	
65–69	4.1	4.0	4.1	3.8	4.4	4.9	3.3	2.7	4.0	
70–74	3.2	3.1	3.0	2.8	3.4	3.6	2.4	1.6	3.1	
75–79	2.4	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.7	2.7	1.7	0.8	2.3	
80–84	1.8	1.8	1.5	1.4	2.1	1.9	1.2	0.5	1.7	
85+	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.6	1.4	0.9	0.2	1.2	
Total males	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Persons										
under 65	85.9	86.3	87.4	87.9	84.4	84.4	89.6	94.5	86.5	
65–69	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.8	4.4	4.8	3.4	2.5	4.1	
70–74	3.3	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.6	3.7	2.5	1.5	3.2	
75–79	2.6	2.6	2.2	2.2	2.9	2.9	1.8	0.8	2.5	
80–84	2.1	2.1	1.7	1.7	2.5	2.2	1.4	0.5	2.0	
85+	1.9	1.9	1.6	1.5	2.3	2.0	1.3	0.3	1.8	
Total persons	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	
Source: ABS estimated resident population at 30 June 2010, estimates released in December 2010, excluding external territories (ABS 2010a).

Appendix 6: Financial support arrangements
The financial support arrangements are recorded by referring to the time a resident first entered aged care. All permanent residents in aged care at 30 June 2010 were assessed under different financial eligibility criteria, depending on when they were first admitted to care. The Aged Care Act 1997 introduced major changes to the structure and funding of aged care services. The criteria used to assess financial assistance have changed twice since October 1997 when the Aged Care Act 1997 was first passed, resulting in three different financial assessment periods:
1.	pre-reform (pre-October 1997)
2.	1 October 1997–19 March 2008
3.	20 March 2008 onwards.
Pre-reform
This time period refers to financially disadvantaged permanent residents who were admitted to care prior to 1 October 1997.
1 October 1997–19 March 2008
Permanent residents receiving financial support during this time were referred to as concessional and assisted residents.
Concessional residents who met the criteria for concessional status were eligible for a concessional supplement, which was paid to the service provider. Concessional residents were exempt from accommodation changes or bonds. In addition, a concessional supplement to the basic subsidy was paid to the service provider. The minimum requirements for concessional status were that the resident must:
•	be receiving an income support payment
•	not have owned a home for the past 2 years
•	have assets of less than 2.5 times the annual single basic aged pension, rounded to the nearest $500.
Assisted residents were also eligible for a supplement; however, this was lower than for concessional residents. Assisted residents may have also been required to pay an accommodation bond or an accommodation charge, subject to certain conditions.
Service providers received a lower supplement for assisted residents. The criteria for determining assisted resident status were the same as concessional resident status except that:
•	an assisted resident has assets of between 2.5 and 4 times the annual single basic aged pension amount, rounded to the nearest $500.
20 March 2008 onwards
Financially disadvantaged permanent residents admitted to care from 20 March 2008 are referred to as supported residents. Existing residents prior to 20 March 2008 retain their conditions and benefits for being financially disadvantaged unless they separate from residential aged care for more than 28 days. Clients entering permanent residential aged care may be eligible to be supported residents (on or after 20 March 2008) depending on the value of their assets.
An assets test is undertaken to determine eligibility for a supported resident. Fully supported residents are similar to concessional residents, but a sliding scale of accommodation charges applies as their assets increase. Partially supported residents pay some level of accommodation charge depending on their assets.
A client’s home is excluded from this assets test if the home is occupied by either:
•	their partner or a dependent child
•	their carer, who is eligible for an income support payment, and has occupied the home for the past two years
•	a close relation, who is eligible for an income support payment, and has occupied the home for the past five years.
For a full description of details for residents and providers about assisted and concessional status, see The residential aged care manual maintained by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, available on their website at <www.health.gov.au>.
Facilities are expected to meet regional targets for places for concessional, assisted and supported residents. These targets range from 16% to 40% and are calculated using the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) applied to aged care planning regions.
Appendix 7: Data sources and limitations
Resident data
The main source of resident data in this report is administrative by-product data from the System for the Payment of Aged Residential Care (SPARC) and the National Approved Provider System (NAPS).
SPARC contains information gathered through a number of instruments. Among those instruments, the following three are directly relevant to this report:
•	Aged Care Application and Approval—a form completed by a person applying for admission to an aged care service or by someone (normally a carer) on behalf of the applicant.
•	Application for Classification—a form containing client evaluation on the Resident Classification Scale (RCS) and completed by the aged care service to determine the resident’s overall level of care needs (used up to 20 March 2008). From 20 March 2008, this form was revised to adjust to client appraisal using the Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI).
•	Monthly Claim Form—a form for claiming Australian Government benefits completed by the aged care service as part of the monthly funding cycle.
The initial transfer of this information is moving from paper copy to electronic transfer. The word ‘form’ thus needs to be interpreted accordingly.
Residential aged care in Australia was restructured in 1997–98. The two separate categories of residential care (nursing homes and hostels) were combined into a single program from 1 October 1997. As a result, from that date, SPARC replaced the two previous data collection systems: the Nursing Home Payment System (NHPS) and the Commonwealth Hostel Information Payment System (CHIPS).
The new system inherited all records on NHPS. For CHIPS data, only those records that related to the following two groups of people were carried over:
•	those who were in a hostel at 1 October 1997
•	those who had a valid ACAT assessment covering 1 October 1997, as they were regarded as potential residents.
In other words, the records for residents discharged from hostels, and all payment details for all hostel residents before 1 October 1997, are not available on SPARC although they are still available on CHIPS.
Under the amalgamated residential aged care system, length of stay refers to the period spent in the combined system, which may include both time spent under low-care (previously hostel) and high-care (previously nursing home). This is not comparable to combining length of stay measures from the previous separate nursing home and hostel measures of length of stay.
General population data
Population data are from the AIHW’s general population databases supplied by the ABS, and other ABS published data.
Resident information
All residents admitted to residential aged care must have a valid Aged Care Client Record form completed by an authorised ACAT officer. This form is valid for 12 months from the date of an approval for low-level care. An approval for high level care does not lapse.
The information entered into SPARC from the Aged Care Application and Approval form is the major source for the following data items in the tables:
•	sex
•	date of birth
•	marital status
•	Indigenous status
•	country of birth
•	preferred language
•	resident’s usual residence (before admission)
•	resident’s usual living arrangement (before admission).
Not all residents have all the above characteristics reported in SPARC.
Application for classification
These forms are now sent directly to Medicare Australia in either electronic or paper form and processed for funding purposes according to the information provided. On the old RCS, a client would normally be reappraised annually on the anniversary of admission by the service provider. The RCS has been replaced with the ACFI from 20 March 2008 and the ACFI was phased in over a year as client RCS appraisals become due. There is no automatic reappraisal of clients in the ACFI appraisal system.
Admission and separation date
The monthly claim form is sent to approved residential aged care facilities each calendar month, either electronically or as a paper form, as part of the payment cycle. It shows claim details for the previous month plus a forecast schedule for the current month. The facility checks the information and records data on separations and absences (hospital and social leave) for these residents. The facility also adds information on any newly admitted residents for the current month.
The monthly claim form is sent to Medicare Australia. The claim form is the source for the following data items in the tables:
•	date of admission
•	date of separation
•	separation mode
•	admission type.
Calculation of provision ratios
The ratios may differ slightly from those output by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, due to a difference in the date of calculation and the population numbers used. ABS estimated resident population data at 30 June 2010, released in December 2010, has been used in this report.
In addition, the Transition Care Program is not included in the planning framework, and hence the provision ratio is recorded separately to other aged care and community places.
Populations used in the tables in this report
Tables in this publication refer to several different sub-populations and, consequently, may not be directly comparable. The sub-populations covered in this report are summarised below. Excluding the reporting on provision, the data presented relate to mainstream services and their residents, and exclude residents in places provided by Multi-Purpose Services or funded through the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Program, and Innovative Pool places.
Residents at 30 June 2010
All tables on this topic relate to the number of residents who were in mainstream aged care services on 30 June 2010. This population includes all approved residents and totalled 166,370.
All admissions and separations, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
There were 57,937 admissions for permanent care (permanent admissions) and 57,503 admissions for respite care (respite admissions) over the period 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010. Over the same period, there were 54,913 separations of permanent residents and 57,139 separations of respite residents. Transfers within type are excluded.
Admitted residents, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Each person is counted once. For the full year reporting, there were 56,913 distinct resident admissions for permanent care and 41,654 distinct resident admissions for respite care. Transfers within type are excluded.
Separated permanent residents, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Each person is counted once. For the full year reporting, there were 53,572 distinct permanent resident separations. Transfers are excluded.
Tables on dependency
The data on the ACFI invariably excludes some clients due to the time lag in data entering the warehouse from which the tables are derived, and the programming structure which cannot allow for the full range of unusual data entry. The general trends in these tables are not altered by the missing data.
Data limitations
The accuracy of certain data items might be limited. Such cases are listed below:
•	A reported date of birth implying that a resident is aged less than or equal to 10 years is regarded as an input error and 100 years is added to the age. This only alters a handful of entries in any one year.
•	Death indicator: in some cases, aged care services may not be equipped to care for some terminally ill residents. Accordingly, such residents are transferred to acute-care institutions before death; hence, there is an under-enumeration of discharges due to death.
•	Length of stay: complete length of stay of a resident is the time between the date of admission and the date of separation; and for residents at 30 June 2009, incomplete length of stay is the time between the date of admission and 30 June 2009. When a person is transferred from one service to another, the date of admission to the first service is the date from which the length of stay is calculated.
•	The data on the number of residential places and community care packages stored in the Aged and Community Care Management Information System (ACCMIS) is sourced from the National Approved Provider System (NAPS) and are sensitive to dates of entry. Consequently, the reader may find minor reporting variations depending on the version of ACCMIS used in the variety of reports on aspects of residential aged care.
•	Information on whether an admission was from an acute hospital is not available in SPARC.
Calculations
Cases where data are not applicable, unknown or not reported have mostly been excluded in relevant calculations of percentages and rates presented in the text, which may create minor variance to the totals in relevant tables. This is the equivalent of distributing missing and unknown responses across known categories according to the relative numerical contribution of the known categories to the total of known responses (sometimes referred to as ‘pro-rating’).

Glossary
Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI)
The ACFI is a resource allocation instrument and focuses on three domains that discriminate care needs among residents. The ACFI assesses core needs as a basis for allocating funding. It was phased in over a year starting from 20 March 2008 to replace the RCS. See Chapter 5 for more detail.
Admission day
The first day of a person’s stay in an aged care service. In the case of a person transferring between services, where the time between leaving one service and entering another is less than 2 days, it is the date of the initial admission. Permanent and respite admissions are treated separately. For example, if a person transfers from a respite stay to a permanent stay, a new permanent admission is created.
Aged Care Assessment Team (ACAT)
A multidisciplinary team of health professionals responsible for determining eligibility for entry to residential aged care and other types of care under the Aged Care Act 1997.
Care recipient
A person assessed by an ACAT as having significant care needs, which can be appropriately met through the provision of residential care, community care, and/or flexible care.
High-care resident
A permanent resident who was assigned to classification levels 1–4 using the RCS or who is appraised as ACFI high-care.
Length of stay
The length of stay of a separated resident is based upon the time between the date of admission and the date of separation, allowing for transfers. For a current resident, it is the time between the date of admission and 30 June 2009. The admission day and the specified day (30 June 2009) are included, but the separation day is excluded, from the calculation of length of stay.
Low-care resident
A permanent resident who was assigned to classification levels 5–8 using the RCS or who is appraised as ACFI low-care.
Mainstream places
Residential aged care places that exclude residents in MPS’s and National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care Programs.
Occupied place days
Occupied place-days are calculated by multiplying the number of residential aged care places available by the number of days each of these places were used by residents.
Permanent admission
An admission to residential aged care for expected long-term care.
Permanent care
A resident in residential aged care is under permanent care if this resident entered the service as a permanent admission.
Permanent resident
A resident who is admitted to residential aged care for permanent care (long-term care).
Place-day
A day on which a care recipient is occupying a place and the provider is paid an Australian Government subsidy. The day that a care recipient enters residential aged care and the day he or she leaves are counted as one day.
Remoteness
The remoteness classification used in this report is based on the ASGC Remoteness Structure developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This categorises all Census Collection Districts (CDs) in Australia according to their remoteness, based on physical road distance to the nearest urban centre. Remoteness is measured by the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) (ABS 2009a). The structure of the classification is as follows:
Major cities 	CDs with an average ARIA index value of 0 to 0.2
Inner regional 	CDs with an average ARIA index value greater than 0.2 and less than or equal to 2.4
Outer regional 	CDs with an average ARIA index value greater than 2.4 and less than or equal to 5.92
Remote	CDs with an average ARIA index value greater than 5.92 and less than or equal to 10.53
Very remote	CDs with an average ARIA index value greater than 10.53.
Resident
A person who has been assessed by an ACAT as requiring residential care and who resides in an Australian Government-funded aged care service.
Resident Classification Scale (RCS)
An instrument which assesses a care recipient’s care needs. This scale has eight classification levels ranging from low-care (RCS 8) to high-care (RCS 1), with each level having a specified subsidy level which is paid to the provider for providing the required care to the care recipient. The RCS was introduced with the amalgamation of hostels and nursing homes into one system of care on 1 October 1997, replacing the Resident Classification Instrument for nursing homes and the Personal Classification Assessment Instrument for hostels. The RCS was replaced by the ACFI from 20 March 2008.
Residential aged care service
A service that consists of a number of approved places at a specific location.
Residential care
Personal and/or nursing care that is provided to a person in a residential care service in which the person is also provided with accommodation that includes meals, cleaning services, furniture and equipment. The residential aged care service must meet certain building standards and appropriate staffing in supplying the provision of that care and accommodation.
Respite admission
A short-term admission to residential aged care for respite care purposes.
Respite care
Care given as an alternative care arrangement with the primary purpose of giving the carer or a care recipient a short-term break from their usual care arrangement.
Respite resident
A resident who is admitted to residential aged care for respite care.
Separation
Occurs when a resident leaves residential aged care and has not re-entered the same or another service within 2 days.
Separation day
The last day of a person’s stay in an aged care service; that is, the day on which the person leaves the service. Transfers between services were not viewed as separations in terms of length of stay calculations if the time between leaving one service and entering another was less than 2 days.
Separation mode
Indicates the destination of a resident at separation, including death.
Supported resident
Following the Aged Care Amendment Act 2008 clients entering permanent residential aged care with assets below a certain level are eligible to be supported residents (on or after 20 March 2008). The client’s level of assets determines the amount of any accommodation charges they pay (see Appendix 7).
System for the Payment of Aged Residential Care (SPARC)
The current payment system for residential aged care.
Transfer
Occurs where a person leaves an aged care service on 1 day and is admitted to another within 2 days.
Usual housing status
Refers to housing tenure before the resident’s application for admission to residential aged care.
References
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ABS 2008. Standard Australian classification of countries. ABS cat. no. 1269.0. Canberra: ABS.
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DoHA 2009b. Aged Care Funding Instrument. Canberra: DoHA. Viewed 8 March 2011, <www.health.gov.au/acfi>.
DoHA 2009c. Aged Care Funding Instrument user guide. Canberra: DoHA. Viewed 8 March 2011, <http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ageing-acfi-1007-userguide.htm>.
DoHA 2009d. Extra Service status. Canberra: DoHA. Viewed 8 March 2010, <http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ageing-rescare-ess-essprov.htm>.
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DoHA 2009f Aged Care Funding Instrument - Fact Sheets - 11. Changes to the ACFI High and Low Care Definition <www.health.gov.au/acfi> viewed 17 June 2011.
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List of tables
Table 2.1: Number of operational residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP places, 30 June 1995 to 30 June 2010
Table 2.2: Distribution of population aged 70 years and over by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010
Table 2.3: Residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP places, by state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Table 2.4: Residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP places, by remoteness(a), 30 June 2010
Table 2.5: Aged care places per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over, 30 June 1995 to 30 June 2010
Table 2.6: Aged care places per 1,000 persons, by state/territory, 30 June 2010
Table 2.7: Number of facilities with Extra Service places, 30 June 2010
Table 2.8: Estimated recurrent Australian Government expenditure on residential aged care, by state/territory and remoteness area(a), 2009–10 ($ million)
Table 2.9: Estimated recurrent Australian Government expenditure on residential aged care per person aged 70 years and over(a), by state/territory and remoteness, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 ($)
Table 2.10: Australian Government recurrent expenditure per occupied place-day, by state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 ($)
Table 2.11: Total value of bonds received from permanent aged care residents admitted between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by state/territory and remoteness(a), ($ million)
Table 2.12: Average bond size, by age and sex (bond-contributing residents), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table 2.13: Average bond size, by remoteness(a) (bond-contributing residents), 1 July 2009 to  30 June 2010
Table 3.1: Permanent and respite residents by Indigenous status and sex,  30 June 2010
Table 3.2: Permanent and respite residents, birthplace(a) by state/territory, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table 3.2 (continued): Permanent and respite residents, birthplace(a) by state/territory, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table 3.3: Permanent and respite residents, preferred language(a) by state/territory, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table 3.4: Financial support status of permanent residents at 30 June 2010, by state and territory(a)
Table 3.5: Financial support status of permanent residents at 30 June 2010, by remoteness(a)
Table 3.6: Permanent residents at 30 June 2010 with hospital leave between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010(a) (per cent)
Table 4.1: Permanent, respite and all admissions, age at admission by sex, 1 July 2009 to  30 June 2010
Table 4.2: Existing permanent residents, length of stay to date by sex and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table 4.3: Average (mean) length of stay (weeks), separations of permanent residents, by sex, state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table 4.4: Average length of stay (weeks), separations of respite residents, by sex, state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table 4.5: Admissions and turnover, by type of care in residential aged care services, 2000–01 to 2009–10
Table 4.6: Age- and sex specific rates for permanent residents, by English-speaking status  at 30 June 2010 (per 1,000 population)
Table 4.7: Age- and sex-specific usage rates for permanent residents, by Indigenous status(a), 30 June 2010 (per 1,000 population)(b)
Table 4.8: Occupied place-days, type of care by state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table 4.9: Average occupancy rate, by state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table 5.1: Dependency levels of permanent residents at admission 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, permanent residents, and younger people (aged under 65 years) at 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table 5.2: ACFI domain for permanent residents, by age group at 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table 5.3: ACFI level of care for ADL, BEH and CHC at separation, for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by separation mode (per cent)
Table 5.4: First listed medical condition(a) for permanent residents with an ACFI appraisal, by state and territory, 30 June 2010 (excludes mental and behavioural disorders) (per cent)
Table 6.1: Trends in resident numbers at 30 June, 1999–2010
Table 6.2: Proportion of residents aged 80 years and over, and aged 90 years and over at admission, 1998–99 to 2009–10 (per cent)
Table 6.3: Admissions, separations and completed length of stay in residential aged care, 1998–99 to 2009–10
Table 6.4: Respite residents and permanent residential aged care activity, 1999–00 to 2009–10
Table 6.5: Permanent aged care residents at 30 June, by age group, 2000–2010
Table 6.6: Usage rates for permanent aged care, by age group, 2000–2010 (as at 30 June) (per 1,000 population)
Table 6.7: Average residential occupancy rate by state/territory, 1998–99 to 2009–10 (per cent)
Table A1.1: The number of new aged care places allocated to approved providers through the Aged Care Approvals Round process, 1995–96 to 2009–10
Table A1.2: Number of residential aged care facilities, by state/territory and remoteness(a),  30 June 2010
Table A1.3: Trends in the number and size of residential aged care services, 30 June 1998 to 30 June 2010
Table A1.4: Size of aged care facilities, by state and territory(a), 30 June 2010
Table A1.5: Size of aged care facilities, by remoteness(a), 30 June 2010
Table A1.6: Number of residential aged care facilities, by provider type and state/territory(a),  30 June 2010
Table A1.7: Number of residential aged care facilities, by provider type and remoteness(a),  30 June 2010
Table A1.8: Operational Extra Service places, by state/territory and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010
Table A1.9: Residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP places per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over, by state/territory and remoteness,(a) 30 June 2010
Table A1.9 (continued): Residential aged care, CACP, EACH, EACHD and TCP per 1,000 persons aged 70 years and over, by state/territory and remoteness,(a) 30 June 2010
Table A2.1: Permanent and respite residents, by sex and age group, 30 June 2010
Table A2.2: All residents by age, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A2.3: All residents by age, sex and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A2.4: Permanent and respite residents, by sex and marital status, 30 June 2010
Table A2.5: Marital status of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Table A2.5 (continued): Marital status of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a),  30 June 2010
Table A2.6: Marital status of respite residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Table A2.6 (continued): Marital status of respite residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Table A2.7: Indigenous status of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Table A2.8: Indigenous status of respite residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Table A2.9: Income source of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010
Table A2.9 (continued): Income source of permanent residents, by sex and state/territory(a),  30 June 2010
Table A2.10: Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010 (number)
Table A2.10 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010 (number)
Table A2.10 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A2.10 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and state/territory(a), 30 June 2009 (per cent)
Table A2.11 Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and  remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (number)
Table A2.11 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and  remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (number)
Table A2.11 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A2.11 (continued): Financial support status of permanent residents, by admission date, sex and remoteness(a), 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A2.12: Marital status of new admissions to permanent residential care(a) between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex and state/territory(b)
Table A2.12 (continued): Marital status of new admissions to permanent residential care(a) between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex and state/territory(b)
Table A2.13: Marital status of new admissions to residential respite care(a) between 1 July 2009 and  30 June 2010, by sex and state/territory(b)
Table A2.13 (continued): Marital status of new admissions to residential respite care(a) between  1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex and state/territory(b)
Table A2.14: Usual housing status of new admissions to residential aged care  between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex and care type
Table A2.15: Prior living arrangements of new admissions to residential aged care  between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex and care type
Table A2.16: Income source of new admissions to permanent residential  aged care between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex
Table A3.1: Permanent admissions, age at admission by state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A3.2: Respite admissions, age at admission by state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A3.3: Separations of permanent, respite, and all residents by sex and separation mode,  1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A3.4: All separations, separation mode by sex and state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A3.5: Separations of permanent residents, separation mode by sex and state/territory(a),  1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A3.5 (continued): Separations of permanent residents, separation mode by sex and state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A3.6: Separations of respite residents, separation mode, by sex and state/territory(a),  1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A3.6 (continued): Separations of respite residents, separation mode, by sex and state/territory(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A3.7: Separations of permanent residents, completed length of stay, by sex and state/territory, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A3.7:(continued) Separations of permanent residents, completed length of stay, by sex and state/territory, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A3.8: Separations of permanent residents, length of stay, by separation mode, 1 July 2009  to 30 June 2010
Table A3.9: Occupied place-days, type of care by state/territory and remoteness(a), 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A4.1: Dependency levels of permanent residents by sex, 30 June 1998 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.2: Distribution of high-care appraisal scores under the ACFI of permanent, 30 June 2010
Table A4.2 (continued): Distribution of high-care appraisal scores under the ACFI for permanent residents, 30 June 2010
Table A4.3: Distribution of low-care appraisal scores under the ACFI for permanent residents, 30 June 2010
Table A4.4a: ACFI level of care at admission for activities of daily living, permanent residents  admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex and age group at admission
Table A4.4b: ACFI level of care at admission for behaviour, permanent residents admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex and age group at admission
Table A4.4c: ACFI level of care at admission for complex health care, permanent residents admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex and age group at admission
Table A4.5: ACFI level of care for activities of daily living, behaviour care and complex  health care for permanent residents by sex(a) at 30 June 2010
Table A4.6a: ACFI level of care for activities of daily living, younger people assessed in permanent residential aged care, by age and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.6b: ACFI level of care for behaviour, younger people assessed in permanent  residential aged care, by age and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.6c: ACFI level of care for complex health care, younger people assessed in permanent residential aged care, by age group and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.7a: ACFI level of care for activities of daily living, all permanent residents, by age group and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.7b: ACFI level of care for behaviour, all permanent residents, by age group and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.7c: ACFI level of care for complex health care, all permanent residents, by age group and  sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.8a: ACFI level of care at admission for activities of daily living, by sex and age group at admission, permanent residents admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.8b: ACFI level of care at admission for behaviour, by sex and age group at admission, permanent residents admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.8c: ACFI level of care at admission for complex health care, by sex and age group at  admission, permanent residents admitted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9a: ACFI level of care at separation for activities of daily living, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9a (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for activities of daily living, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9a (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for activities of daily living, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9a (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for activities of daily living, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9b: ACFI level of care at separation for behaviour, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9b (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for behaviour, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9b (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for behaviour, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9b (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for behaviour, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9c ACFI level of care at separation for complex health care, by sex and length  of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9c(continued) ACFI level of care at separation for complex health care, by sex and length  of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9c (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for complex health care, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.9c (continued): ACFI level of care at separation for complex health care, by sex and length of stay for permanent residents separating between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Table A4.10: Diagnosed dementia/mental illness for residents with an ACFI appraisal(a), by sex and state/territory(b), 30 June 2010
Table A4.10 (continued): Diagnosed dementia/mental illness for residents with an ACFI appraisal(a), by sex and state/territory(b), 30 June 2010
Table A4.11a: ACFI care level at admission,(a) for activities of daily living, permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A4.11a (continued): ACFI care level at admission,(a) for activities of daily living, permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A4.11b: ACFI behaviour care level at admission,(a) permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A4.11b (continued): ACFI behaviour care level at admission,(a) permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A4.11c: ACFI complex health care level at admission,(a) permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A4.11c (continued): ACFI complex health care level at admission,(a) permanent residents admitted to residential aged care, by sex and state/territory,(b) 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Table A4.12a: ACFI care level for activities of daily living, for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010
Table A4.12a (continued): ACFI care level for activities of daily living, for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010
Table A4.12b: ACFI behaviour care level for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010
Table A4.12b (continued): ACFI behaviour care level for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010
Table A4.12c: ACFI complex health care level for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010
Table A4.12c (continued): ACFI complex health care level for permanent residents, by sex and state/territory,(a) at 30 June 2010
Table A5.1: Population, by age, sex and state/territory, 30 June 2010
Table A5.1 (continued): Population, by age, sex and state/territory, 30 June 2010

List of figures
Figure 2.1: Number of new residential aged care, CACP, EACH and EACHD places allocated to approved providers, 1995–96 to 2009–10
Figure 2.2: Distribution of residential aged care facilities by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010
Figure 2.3: Change in the size of residential aged care facilities, 2005–2010
Figure 2.4: Size of residential aged care facilities by state/territory and remoteness, 
30 June 2010 (per cent)
Figure 2.5: Providers of services by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010
Figure 2.6: Extra Service places by state/territory and remoteness, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Figure 2.7: Distribution of recurrent expenditure on residential aged care 2009–10, and distribution of population aged 70 years and over, by state/territory and remoteness
Figure 3.1: All residents by age and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Figure 3.2a:Permanent residents by marital status and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Figure 3.2b: Respite residents by marital status and sex, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Figure 3.3: Permanent residents by income source, 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Figure 3.4: Marital status of new admissions to permanent residential care between 
1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by sex
Figure 3.5: Usual housing status of new admissions to residential aged care between 
1 July 2009 and 30 June 2010, by care type
Figure 3.6a: Prior living arrangements of new admissions to permanent residential aged care between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex
Figure 3.6b: Prior living arrangements of new admissions to residential respite care between 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, by sex
Figure 3.7: Income source of new admissions to permanent residential aged care between 
1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010
Figure 4.1: Permanent and respite admissions, age at admission, 1 July 2009 to
 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Figure 4.2: Permanent and respite separations by separation mode, 1 July 2009 to
 30 June 2010 (per cent)
Figure 4.3: Completed length of stay of permanent residents, by sex, 1 July 2009 to
 30 June 2010
Figure 5.1: Level of ACFI domains for new permanent admissions 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, permanent residents and younger people (aged under 65 years) 
at 30 June 2010
Figure 5.2: Diagnosed dementia and mental illness for permanent aged care residents with an ACFI appraisal, 30 June 2010

List of boxes

Box 1.1: Aged care packages in the community
Box 2.1: Allocation of places—the Aged Care Approvals Round (ACAR)
Box 2.2: How is remoteness defined?
Box 2.3: National target ratio and provision ratio
Box 2.4: Accommodation bonds
Box 4.1: Separations
Box 4.2: Measuring length of stay
Box 5.1: The Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI)
Box 5.2: Defining low- and high-care under the ACFI from 1 January 2010
Box A4.1: High-care criteria