This is the second annual performance report for the National Partnership Agreement on Indigenous Early Childhood Development. It provides the latest available information, as well as trends on the 6 health-related indicators in the partnership agreement. Key findings include:-The gap in low birthweight rates between babies of Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers narrowed substantially between 2000 and 2010.-Indigenous mothers were more likely than non-Indigenous mothers to have smoked during pregnancy, and accessed antenatal care less often.-The infant mortality rate for Indigenous infants between 2001 and 2011 declined by 55%, but remained almost twice as high as for non-Indigenous infants.