This report is the fifth in a series on hospitalisations due to injury and poisoning in Australia, and covers the financial year 2006-07. A total of 386,208 injury cases required hospitalisation in the 12 months (225,297 males and 160,905 females). Overall rates of injury were higher among people aged 65 and over, and lower in children aged 0-14. The leading causes of hospitalised injury were unintentional falls (36% of cases), followed by transport accidents (14%).