This report is the eighth in a series on hospitalisations due to injury and poisoning in Australia, and covers the financial year 2009-10. A total of 421,065 injury cases required hospitalisation during the 12 months (242,478 males and 178,586 females). Overall rates of injury were higher among people aged 65 and over, and lower in children aged 0-14. The leading causes of hospitalised injury were unintentional falls (38% of cases), followed by transport accidents (13%).