The major objective of the National Cervical Screening Program is to reduce morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer by maximising early detection.Cervical screening in Australia 2005-2006 is the tenth annual report on key program activity, performance and outcome indicators to monitor the achievements of the National Cervical Screening Program. The report provides a comprehensive national picture of cervical screening in Australia for 2005-2006. The report presents the most recent information on participation in cervical screening, rate of early re-screening, low- and high-grade abnormalities detected, and incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Where possible, data are presented by state and territory stratification as well as nationally.This report will be relevant to anyone with an interest in women's health or cervical screening, including health planners and administrators, various health practitioners, academic researchers and the general public.