Table of contents

  • Contents
  • Acknowledgments
  • Abbreviations
  • Symbols
  • Chapter 1: Overview
    • 1.1 Closing the Gap targets and progress
    • 1.1.1 About the targets
    • 1.1.2 Current picture and progress
    • 1.2 Key drivers of change
    • 1.3 Key themes across the targets
      • 1.3.1 Social determinants are critical
      • 1.3.2 Remoteness has a relatively large impact
      • 1.3.3 Improved access to services is needed
      • 1.3.4 Investment is needed across the lifecourse
      • 1.3.5 Interactions between outcomes are important
      • 1.3.6 Need more evidence on ‘what works’
    • 1.4 Data limitations
    • 1.5 Future target setting
    • 1.6 References
  • Chapter 2: Child mortality target
    • Summary
    • 2.1 Background
    • 2.2 Current picture and progress
      • 2.2.1 National data on child mortality
      • 2.2.2 Child mortality by state and territory
      • 2.2.3 Age of childhood death
      • 2.2.4 Causes of death
    • 2.3 Key drivers of child mortality
      • 2.3.1 Evidence from the literature
      • 2.3.2 Evidence from new AIHW analyses
    • 2.4 Data limitations and measurement issues
      • 2.4.1 Child deaths data
      • 2.4.2 Population and births data
      • 2.4.3 Cause of death classifications
      • 2.4.4 Data on key determinants
    • 2.5 Bringing it together
      • 2.5.1 An overview
      • 2.5.2 Examples of opportunities for further progress
    • 2.6 References
  • Chapter 3: Early childhood education target
    • Summary
    • 3.1 Background
    • 3.2 Current picture and progress
      • 3.2.1 National data on enrolment and attendance
      • 3.2.2 Enrolment and attendance by state and territory
      • 3.2.3 Attendance by remoteness
    • 3.3 Key drivers of participation in ECE
      • 3.3.1 Evidence from the literature
      • 3.3.2 Evidence from AIHW analysis of the LSIC
    • 3.4 Data limitations and measurement issues
      • 3.4.1 Comparable enrolment and attendance rates
    • 3.5 Bringing it together
      • 3.5.1 An overview
      • 3.5.2 Examples of opportunities for further progress
    • 3.6 References
  • Chapter 4: School attendance target
    • Summary
    • 4.1 Background
    • 4.2 Current picture and progress
      • 4.2.1 National data on school attendance
      • 4.2.2 School attendance by state and territory
      • 4.2.3 School attendance by remoteness
      • 4.2.4 Patterns of student attendance
    • 4.3 Key drivers of school attendance
      • 4.3.1 Evidence from the literature
      • 4.3.2 Evidence from new AIHW analysis
    • 4.4 Data limitations and measurement issues
      • 4.4.1 Reporting on days of attendance
      • 4.4.2 Measuring student attendance rates
      • 4.4.3 Measuring students achieving 90% or more attendance
      • 4.4.4 Survey and longitudinal data sets
    • 4.5 Bringing it together
      • 4.5.1 An overview
      • 4.5.2 Examples of opportunities for further progress
    • 4.6 References
  • Chapter 5: Literacy and numeracy target
    • Summary
    • 5.1 Background
    • 5.2 Current picture and progress
      • 5.2.1 National data on literacy and numeracy
      • 5.2.2 Literacy and numeracy outcomes by state and territory
      • 5.2.3 Literacy and numeracy outcomes by remoteness
      • 5.2.4 Progress towards the literacy and numeracy target
      • 5.2.5 Improvements in mean NAPLAN scores
    • 5.3 Key drivers of literacy and numeracy
      • 5.3.1 Conceptual framework on influences on child development
      • 5.3.2 Drivers based on analysis of NAPLAN data
      • 5.3.3 Drivers based on other literature
      • 5.4 Data limitations and measurement issues
    • 5.4.1 Use of the NMS
      • 5.4.2 Participation in NAPLAN testing
    • 5.5 Bringing it together
      • 5.5.1 An overview
      • 5.5.2 Examples of opportunities for further progress
    • 5.6 References
  • Chapter 6: Year 12 or equivalent attainment target
    • Summary
    • 6.1 Background
    • 6.2 Current picture and progress
      • 6.2.1 National data on Year 12 or equivalent attainment
      • 6.2.2 Year 12 or equivalent attainment by geographic area
      • 6.2.3 Patterns of Year 12 or equivalent attainment
    • 6.3 Key drivers of Year 12 attainment
      • 6.3.1 Evidence from literature
      • 6.3.2 Evidence from new AIHW analysis of NATSISS data
    • 6.4 Data limitations and measurement issues
      • 6.4.1 Frequency of data
      • 6.4.2 Census data (main data source)
      • 6.4.3 Survey data (supplementary data source)
      • 6.4.4 Apparent retention rates
      • 6.4.5 Identifying drivers of Year 12 attainment
      • 6.4.6 Administrative data on educational attainment
      • 6.4.7 Components of Year 12 or equivalent attainment
    • 6.5 Bringing it together
      • 6.5.1 An overview
      • 6.5.2 Examples of opportunities for further progress
    • 6.6 References
  • Chapter 7: Employment target
    • Summary
    • 7.1 Background
    • 7.2 Current picture and progress
      • 7.2.1 National data on employment
      • 7.2.2 Patterns of employment
    • 7.3 Key drivers of Indigenous employment
      • 7.3.1 Key drivers in the literature
      • 7.3.2 Evidence from new AIHW analysis
      • 7.3.3 Trends in Indigenous employment drivers
    • 7.4 Data limitations and measurement issues
      • 7.4.1 Frequency of Indigenous employment data
      • 7.4.2 Use of employment rates
    • 7.5 Bringing it together
      • 7.5.1 An overview
      • 7.5.2 Examples of opportunities for further progress
    • 7.6 References
  • Chapter 8: Life expectancy target
    • Summary
    • 8.1 Background
    • 8.2 Current picture and progress
      • 8.2.1 National life expectancy
      • 8.2.2 Life expectancy by jurisdiction and remoteness
      • 8.2.3 Mortality patterns and trends
      • 8.2.4 Fatal burden of disease
    • 8.3 Key drivers of mortality and life expectancy
      • 8.3.1 Social determinants and risk factors
      • 8.3.2 Contribution of risk factors to the fatal burden
      • 8.3.3 Health system interventions
    • 8.4 Data limitations and measurement issues
      • 8.4.1 Deaths and population data
      • 8.4.2 Frequency of Indigenous life expectancy estimates
    • 8.5 Bringing it together
      • 8.5.1 An overview
      • 8.5.2 Examples of opportunities for further progress
    • 8.6 References
  • Appendix A: Indigenous demographic context
  • 2016 Census-based preliminary ERP
  • 2016 Census counts
  • 2011 Census-based ERP by remoteness
  • Appendix B: Summary of COAG target data, by state and territory
  • Appendix C: Technical information
  • Analysis of contributions to the national gap
  • Logistic regression analyses
  • Relative importance of explanatory variables
  • Measuring 'the gap'
  • Appendix D: Additional data tables and figures
  • Appendix E: Not fully engaged in employment, education or training
  • Appendix F: Main data sources
  • Australian Early Development Census
  • ABS Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey
  • Census of Population and Housing
  • Life tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians
  • Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children
  • National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey
  • National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy
  • National Early Childhood Education and Care Collection
  • National Mortality Database
  • National Perinatal Data Collection
  • National Student Attendance collection
  • Survey of Education and Work
  • Appendix references
  • List of tables
  • List of figures