Rates of risky consumption of alcohol and other drugs among Indigenous Australians are generally twice those in the non-Indigenous population, and are both a consequence of - and contribute to - the gap in health and social well-being. This resource sheet discusses patterns of harmful use of alcohol and other drugs within Indigenous communities and evaluates the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. It outlines what works, what doesn't, and what further research is needed, regarding strategies concerning supply reduction, demand reduction, and harm reduction.