Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, costly and often detected too late to be reversible but it is largely preventable. This report compares the most reliable national estimates of the prevalence of CKD to date from two national surveys, incorporating biomedical testings that were undertaken 12 years apart: the 1999–2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) and the 2011–12 National Health Measurement Survey (NHMS).   

Health risk factors are attributes, characteristics or exposures that increase the likelihood of a person developing a disease or health disorder. Behavioural risk factors are those that individuals have the most ability to modify. Biomedical risk factors are bodily states that are often influenced by behavioural risk factors.

This fact sheet provides the latest available national data on new cases of insulin-treated diabetes in Australia. It shows that in 2015 there were 28,775 people who began using insulin to treat their diabetes in Australia—63% had type 2 diabetes, 26% had gestational diabetes, 9% had type 1 diabetes and 2% had other forms of diabetes or their diabetes status was unknown. The fact sheet is accompanied by a dynamic data display, which provides data on insulin-treated diabetes by age at first insulin use, Indigenous status, remoteness, SEIFA and state/territory.

This report aims to provide a more comprehensive picture of the full health loss attributable to diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It quantifies the impact of diabetes and CKD on the burden of other diseases for which there is evidence of a causal association (‘linked diseases’) to estimate the indirect burden caused by these 2 diseases. It uses disease burden estimates from the Australian Burden of Disease Study 2011 and extends the standard approach for analysis of risk factors to model diabetes and CKD as risk factors. When the indirect burden due to linked diseases was taken into account, the collective burden due to diabetes was 1.9 times as high, and CKD was 2.1 times as high, as their direct burden.

The incidence of end-stage kidney disease is an important indicator of the health of the Australian population and valuable for health-care planning. End-stage kidney disease usually requires kidney replacement therapy to survive—either dialysis or a kidney transplant—but not all people with ESKD receive these treatments for a variety of reasons. This report builds on an established method for estimating the incidence of end-stage kidney disease and indicates that for every new case treated with dialysis or transplant there is one that is not. The incidence rates of end-stage kidney disease are highest among those aged 75 and over.

Incidence of insulin-treated diabetes in Australia 2014 presents the latest available national data on new cases of insulin-treated diabetes from the 2014 National (insulin-treated) Diabetes Register. In 2014, nearly 30,000 Australians began using insulin to treat their diabetes—67% had type 2 diabetes, 23% had gestational diabetes, 9% had type 1 diabetes and 2% had other forms of diabetes. Almost 2 in 3 (63%) people diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were aged under 25, whereas almost all (93%) new cases of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes occurred in those aged over 40.

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease—Australian facts is a series of 5 reports by the National Centre for Monitoring Vascular Diseases at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare that describe the combined burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This report on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presents up-to-date statistics on risk factors, prevalence, hospitalisation and deaths from these 3 chronic diseases. It examines age and sex characteristics and variations by geographical location and compares these with the non-Indigenous population.

This fact sheet presents the prevalence of heart failure due to coronary heart disease (referred to as CHD-related heart failure) in Western Australia in 2010—that is, the number of people who had at least 1 hospital admission for CHD-related heart failure in the previous 10 years and were still alive on 30 June 2010.

This fact sheet presents the prevalence of CHD in Western Australia in 2010—that is, the number of people who had at least 1 hospital admission for CHD in the previous 10 years and were still alive on 30 June 2010.

This fact sheet presents the prevalence of 2 forms of valvular heart disease: rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and non-rheumatic valvular disease (non-RVD) in Western Australia in 2010—that is, the number of people who had at least 1 hospital admission for valvular heart disease in the previous 10 years and were still alive on 30 June 2010.

This fact sheet presents the prevalence of stroke in Western Australia in 2010—that is, the number of people who had at least 1 hospital admission for stroke in the previous 10 years and were still alive on 30 June 2010.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing in incidence globally. This report presents the first national statistical snapshot on AKI and its impact in Australia. The key findings show that AKI accounts for a considerable number of hospitalisations and deaths and further, that the burden of this condition is not equally distributed across the Australian population. These inequalities were seen in relation to all population characteristics examined, namely sex and age, remoteness of residence, socioeconomic disadvantage and Indigenous status.

Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Australia, 2000–2013 presents the latest available national data on new cases of type 1 diabetes from Australia’s National (insulin-treated) Diabetes Register. In 2013, there were 2,323 new cases of type 1 diabetes in Australia, equating to 11 cases per 100,000 population. This rate has remained relatively stable between 2000 and 2013, fluctuating between 10 and 13 cases per 100,000 population each year.

This report is a series of 5 reports by the National Centre for Monitoring Vascular Diseases at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare that describe the combined burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This report on risk factors presents the latest statistics on the behaviours and characteristics that increase the likelihood of a person developing these chronic diseases. It also describes risk factors among people who already have CVD, diabetes or CKD. It examines age and sex characteristics and variations across population groups, including by geographical location and socioeconomic disadvantage.

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease—Australian facts is a series of 5 reports by the National Centre for Monitoring Vascular Diseases at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare that describes the combined burden of cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease and stroke), diabetes and chronic kidney disease. This report on Morbidity presents up-to-date statistics as well as trends on hospitalisations from these chronic diseases. It examines age and sex characteristics, and variations across population groups, including among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, by geographical location, and by socioeconomic disadvantage.

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease—Australian facts is a series of 5 reports by the National Centre for Monitoring Vascular Diseases at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare that describe the combined burden of cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease and stroke), diabetes and chronic kidney disease. This report on prevalence and incidence provides a comprehensive summary of the latest available data on the prevalence and incidence in the Australian population of these three chronic vascular diseases, acting alone or together. It examines age and sex characteristics and variations across population groups, by geographical location, and by socioeconomic disadvantage.

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease—Australian facts is a series of 5 reports by the National Centre for Monitoring Vascular Diseases at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare that describe the combined burden of cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease and stroke), diabetes and chronic kidney disease. This report on Mortality presents up-to-date statistics as well as trends on deaths from these chronic diseases. It examines age and sex characteristics, and variations across population groups, including among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, by geographical location, and by socioeconomic disadvantage.

Monitoring the impact of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is important in planning for future health needs of the population. This working paper uses linked data from Western Australia and New South Wales to assess the likelihood that a patient who is hospitalised with ESKD will have ESKD recorded on their death record, in order to establish whether mortality records in Australia reflect the actual disease pattern of people with ESKD. The study confirms that the ESKD codes used in the mortality data to estimate ESKD incidence are likely to underestimate the impact of ESKD—there is a high proportion of patients who are hospitalised with ESKD who do not have ESKD recorded on their death certificates.

Monitoring the incidence of acute coronary events is critical to assess the health and economic burden of coronary heart disease. This working paper uses linked data from Western Australia and New South Wales to assess the central assumptions underlying the proxy measure for estimating the incidence of acute coronary events, in the absence of a heart disease register. This validation study shows that the algorithm may underestimate the incidence of acute coronary events in Australia, but despite this the methodology does provide a reasonable measure of the acute coronary events in Australia.

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is the most severe form of chronic kidney disease with patients usually requiring kidney replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or kidney transplantation to survive. Projections of the prevalence of treated end-stage kidney disease in Australia presents national level projections of the number of people receiving kidney replacement therapy for their ESKD for the period 2012 to 2020. This information is important for predicting the future burden of ESKD in Australia.