Toward a national prisoner health information system calls for an integrated national approach to prisoner health information, to support improved prisoner health. The report notes that the large and growing population of prisoners in Australia presents a strong challenge to the public's health. There is an opportunity to intervene and treat prisoners while in prison, leading to their better health, and subsequently reducing risks to the community on their release. But to do this effectively, better health information is needed. The report describes the key issues in the development, collection, management and use of health information relating to prisoners. It summarises the prisoner health information we currently have, highlights some of the gaps, and sets out the priorities for future development.