Classifications

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

Australia uses the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) to code causes of death (WHO 2019). In this report, deaths were coded using the Tenth Revision of the ICD (ICD-10) (Table 1). 

For analysis that requires grouping causes of death, this report uses the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) (Becker et al. 2006) with minor modifications to suit the Australian context are used. For more information, see Deaths in Australia 

For hospital diagnoses, a classification modified for Australia, the ICD-10-AM classification (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 12th Edition, Australian Modification) was used (Table 1). 

For emergency department diagnoses, a classification modified for Australia, the ICD-10-AM (12th Edition) shortlist was used (Table 1).

Table 1: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) codes
DiseaseICD-10 / ICD-10-AMICD-10-AM shortlist
Chronic kidney disease Classifications belowClassifications below
  • Diabetic nephropathy
E10.2, E11.2, E13.2, E14.2 n/a
  • Hypertensive kidney disease
I12, I13, I15.0, I15.1I13.9
  • Glomerular diseases
N00–N08N04.9, N05.9
  • Kidney tubulo-interstitial diseases
N11, N12, N14, N15, N16N12
  • Chronic kidney failure
N18N18.9
  • Unspecified kidney failure
N19N19
  • Other disorders of kidney and ureter
N25–N28, N391, N392, D59.3, B52.0, E85.3, N29N28.9, D59.3
  • Congenital malformations
Q60–Q63 n/a
  • Complications related to dialysis 
T82.4, T82.77, T85.63, T85.71, E85.3 n/a
  • Complications related to kidney transplant
T86.1 n/a
  • Preparatory care for dialysis
Z49.0  (a) n/a
  • Kidney transplant and dialysis status
Z94.0, Z99.2 (a) n/a
  • Supplementary code for CKD stage 3-5, which maps to ICD-10-AM N18.3, N18.4 and N18.5
U87.1  (a) n/a
Dialysis Classifications below n/a
  • Haemodialysis
Z49.1 (a) n/a
  • Peritoneal dialysis
Z49.2  (a)n/a
Acute kidney failureIncluded in emergency department reporting onlyN17.9

(a)    Only used in hospital classifications, not included in codes used for deaths classifications

n/a - not applicable

Sources: IHACPA 2022a; IHACPA 2022b; WHO 2019.

Note that classifications have been modified between editions of this report. Trend data always reflects listed classifications and may differ from data reported in previous editions of the report. 

Identifying kidney failure deaths 

The estimates of kidney failure incidence were measuring using the Kidney and Diabetes Data Integration (KADDI) project. KADDI is a linked data asset that includes the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry and the National Death Index data for the period 2000 to 2021. 

To identify kidney failure using death records, the following criteria and classifications were used: 

  • Underlying or associated cause of death of Chronic kidney disease, stage 5 [N18.5], Hypertensive renal disease with renal failure [I12.0], Hypertensive heart and renal disease with renal failure [I13.1] and/or Hypertensive heart and renal disease with both heart and renal failure [I13.2], and/or
  • Underlying cause of death of Chronic kidney disease, unspecified [N18.9], and/or
  • Underlying or associated cause of death of End-stage renal disease [N18.0] and/or Other chronic renal failure [N18.8] (classifications used prior to 2013).
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