This report looks at housing assistance in the government, not-for-profit and private sector segments in Australia in 2011-12. It examines allocation and waiting lists for social housing, overcrowding and housing affordability, and demonstrates that while the number of social housing dwellings has increased in recent years, this increase has been exceeded by the number of households spending more than 30% of their income on housing. Between 59% and 75% of all housing allocations are provided to people who are homeless, whose life or safety is at risk in their accommodation, whose condition is aggravated by their housing, or who has very high rental costs.