Information about key rural health issues is frequently inadequate. This information framework describes which questions need answering; what data is available and pitfalls in its analysis; which questions can't be answered and what we can do about it. Based on the National Health Performance Framework and written in consultation with a wide range of data experts, 'Version One' of the framework is a 'living' document, designed to be updated as data sources are improved, further data gaps are identified and more advanced methodologies are developed.