Emergency department care

Emergency departments (EDs) are an essential component of Australia’s health care system. Many of Australia’s public hospitals have purpose-built EDs, staffed 24 hours a day, providing care for patients who require urgent medical, surgical or other attention. 

Over time, ED activity has grown faster than population growth both in terms of the number of presentations to EDs and the amount of hours each person spends in ED. This growth has been concentrated within the working age populations, which suggests a growing demand for ED services that does not appear to be driven by factors such as population ageing.

Over the last five years, the performance of EDs in terms of measures of waiting times has declined.

Explore more details on ED care via the links at the bottom of the page.

Emergency department activity stabilising

In 2022–23, there were 8.80 million presentations to EDs in public hospitals – a rate of 334 presentations per 1,000 population. This was a very similar level of ED activity to that seen in 2021–22 (8.79 million ED presentations – 339 presentations per 1,000 population).

In prior years:

• between 2019–20 and 2020–21, despite some ongoing restrictions to health care and other activities due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there was a 6.9% increase in the number of presentations, bringing the number more in line with the trend prior to the COVID-19 pandemic
• in the 5 years prior to the commencement of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019–20, the rate of presentations to ED per 1,000 population steadily increased from 310 in 2014–15 to 329 in 2018–19, an increase of 3.2% per year on average.

Age and sex

In 2022–23:

• males (as identified in the data) accounted for 49% of presentations to EDs and females (as identified in the data) accounted for 51%
• for all patients, the most common triage categories assigned were Urgent (40%), Semi-urgent (36%) and Emergency (16%)
• 44% of patients who attend EDs are ‘working age’ people between 25 and 64 years, with increases over the last five years for females in the 25–34 and 35–44 age groups
• patients aged 4 years and under (who make up 5.8% of the population) accounted for 11% of presentations
• patients aged 65 and over (who make up 17% of the population) accounted for 23% of presentations
• of the patients aged 65 and over who presented to ED, 52% were subsequently admitted to hospital compared to 29% for all patients.

Patients waiting longer in EDs before being seen

Over time, the national trend has been for people to wait longer in the ED before being seen by a health professional. In 2022–23:

• 50% of patients were seen within 20 minutes, consistent with the median waiting time for 2021–22 and longer than in the 3 years prior to that
• 90% of patients were seen within 2 hours and 4 minutes. This was higher than the previous 4 years which varied from 1 hour, 32 minutes in 2019–20 to 1 hour, 57 minutes in 2021–22.

Overall, 65% of patients were ‘seen on time’ for their triage category including almost all of those requiring immediate care (Resuscitation) and 64% of those requiring care within 10 minutes (Emergency care). The overall proportion of patients seen on time has decreased since 2021–22 (67%).

Patients staying longer in ED and fewer ED visits are completed in 4 hours

There has been an increase in the overall amount of time that patients tend to spend in EDs. In 2022–23:

• 56% of ED visits were completed within 4 hours, down from 61% in 2021–22 and 70% in 2018–19
• 90% of ED visits were completed within10 hours and 32 minutes in 2022–23 which is an increase of 3 hours since 2018–19 when 90% of visits were completed within 7 hours and 29 minutes
• the time in which 90% of ED visits for patients subsequently admitted to the hospital has increased by over 6.5 hours in recent years (from 11 hours, 43 minutes in 2018–19 to 18 hours, 23 minutes in 2022–23).

Where do I find more information?

The latest data on ED care is available for download below.

More information about the impact of COVID-19 on emergency department activity are available in the Emergency department care activity area of the MyHospitals site.

References

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2023) National, state and territory population, ABS website, accessed 8 November 2023.