The line graph shows that Australian Government spending on research was much higher than spending on research by the state and territory governments, which in turn was higher than non-government spending on research over the decade to 2020–21. Australian Government spending fluctuated over the decade, but nonetheless increased from $4.3 billion in 2010–11 to $5.5 billion in 2020–21. State and territory government spending on research increased steadily to $0.6 billion in 2018–19, then peaked to $1.0 billion in 2019–20 and $0.9 billion in 2020–21. Non-government spending was relatively flat across the decade, at about $0.4 billion in 2020–21.