Pharmacotherapy

There are several medications (pharmacotherapies) used to treat dependence on alcohol, tobacco and other drugs. These pharmacotherapies can be prescribed for a short, medium or long-term duration, depending on the person’s goals. 

In the Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services National Minimum Data Set (AODTS NMDS), only episodes where pharmacotherapy was either an additional treatment, or where it was the main treatment with an additional treatment provided, are included. Episodes where pharmacotherapy was the main treatment only and no additional treatment was provided are excluded. Pharmacotherapy is only available to people receiving treatment for their own drug use. As most pharmacotherapy services are outside the scope of the AODTS NMDS, the data presented here are a substantial under‑representation. 

More information on opioid pharmacotherapy treatment provided in Australia is presented in the National Opioid Pharmacotherapy Statistics Annual Data report (NOPSAD). The latest data from the National Opioid Pharmacotherapy Statistics indicate that on a snapshot day in 2024, around 53,300 people received pharmacotherapy for opioid dependence (AIHW 2025).

For services that were in scope of the AODTS NMDS in 2023–24:

  • Pharmacotherapy treatment accounted for 1.9% (4,072) of total episodes for a client’s own alcohol or drug use.
  • Of these episodes, 32% (1,901) reported pharmacotherapy as an additional treatment (tables Trt.3, Trt.54).

Client profile

In 2023–24, for clients whose main treatment was pharmacotherapy (2,879 clients):

  • Almost 7 in 10 (68%) people receiving treatment for their own alcohol or drug use were male.
  • Almost two‑thirds (64%) of all people were aged 30–49 and 20% were aged 50 and over.
  • 1 in 5 (19%) people were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) people (tables SC.18–20).

Treatment profile

For treatment episodes involving pharmacotherapy for a client’s own alcohol or drug use:

  • 3 in 5 (57%) of episodes lasted over 3 months, of which 1 in 4 (23%) lasted over 12 months. Around 1 in 6 (15%) of episodes lasted 2–29 days.
  • Where pharmacotherapy treatment was provided as a main treatment type, the most common principal drugs of concern were heroin (45%) and alcohol (15%) (tables Trt.55, Trt.59).
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