Kidney function test result (risk category) – type 2 diabetes and/or CVD (PI19)

This indicator is the proportion of First Nations regular clients aged 18 and over with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) who had both an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) AND an albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) test result recorded within the previous 12 months as either:

  • normal risk
  • low risk
  • moderate risk
  • high risk.

It is collected for males and females in age groups:

  • 18–24
  • 25–34
  • 35–44
  • 45–54
  • 55–64
  • 65 and over.

There have been changes to the specification of this indicator over time. For more information see Interpreting nKPI data.

Why kidney function test result is important

Type 2 diabetes and CVD can damage the kidneys. If kidney disease is diagnosed early, appropriate treatment can be given and its effects can be closely monitored.

Data reported in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework show that First Nations people are far more likely to develop, and to die from, chronic kidney disease than non-Indigenous Australians (AIHW and NIAA 2024).

At June 2025, of First Nations regular clients aged 18 and over who had both an eGFR AND an ACR test result recorded within the previous 12 months, a risk category of normal was recorded for:

  • 41% (or around 9,500) of those with type 2 diabetes
  • 41% (or around 3,500) of those with CVD
  • 43% (or around 11,100) of those with type 2 diabetes and/or CVD (Figure 38).

The data visualisation below (Figure 38) shows, for each collection period from June 2022 to June 2025, the proportion of First Nations regular clients aged 18 and over with type 2 diabetes and/or CVD who had both an eGFR and an ACR test result recorded within the previous 12 months by result. Select by either:

  • organisation type
  • remoteness
  • state/territory
  • age group/sex

to see data for that breakdown.

Data tables supporting this visualisation are available at Data.

Figure 38: Kidney function test result (risk category) – type 2 diabetes and/or CVD – by collection period

Overall, the proportion of First Nations regular clients with type 2 diabetes who had both an eGFR and an ACR test result recorded within the previous 12 months and who had a risk category of normal generally increased between December 2022 and June 2025.

Overall, the proportion of First Nations regular clients with type 2 diabetes who had both an eGFR and an ACR test result recorded within the previous 12 months and who had a risk category of normal generally increased between December 2022 and June 2025.

Notes

  1. A break is included to separate out the periods most affected by voluntary reporting and the peak of COVID-19 and associated emergency response measures. This break, however, is not a clean break as each indicator in the nKPI collection has an assigned time frame (a reference period) as part of its specification. For this indicator, which has a reference period of 12 months, data in the December 2022 collection period (covering 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022) still overlaps with the peak of COVID-19 and associated emergency response measures. For more information see Comparisons over time.
  2. The linear trend lines provide a general impression of the direction of the data. Caution should be taken interpreting trends with less than 5 data points. See also Figure 31 for trends for selected data.
  3. For more information, including on interpreting changes over time, see Technical notes.

Reference

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and National Indigenous Australians Agency (2024) Measure 1.10 Kidney disease, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework website, AIHW, Australian Government, accessed 20 November 2024.

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