Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2023) Heart, stroke and vascular disease: Australian facts, AIHW, Australian Government, accessed 22 March 2023.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Heart, stroke and vascular disease: Australian facts. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/heart-stroke-vascular-diseases/hsvd-facts
Heart, stroke and vascular disease: Australian facts. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 09 February 2023, https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/heart-stroke-vascular-diseases/hsvd-facts
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Heart, stroke and vascular disease: Australian facts [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2023 [cited 2023 Mar. 22]. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/heart-stroke-vascular-diseases/hsvd-facts
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2023, Heart, stroke and vascular disease: Australian facts, viewed 22 March 2023, https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/heart-stroke-vascular-diseases/hsvd-facts
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Australia uses the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Conditions to code causes of death (WHO 2019).
In this report, deaths between 1981 and 1996 were coded using the Ninth Revision (ICD-9), and deaths from 1997 using the Tenth Revision (ICD-10) (Table 1).
Disease
ICD–9 Codes
ICD–10 Codes
Cardiovascular disease
390–459
I00–I99
Acute rheumatic fever and Rheumatic heart disease
390–398
I00–I09
Hypertensive disease
I10–I15
Coronary heart disease
410–414
I20–I25
Angina
413
I20
Acute myocardial infarction
410
I21
Atrial fibrillation and flutter
427.3
I48
Heart failure and cardiomyopathy
414.8, 428.0, 428.1, 428.9, 425.2, 425.4, 425.5, 425.7, 425.8, 425.9
I50, I25.5, I42.0, I42.5–I42.9, I43
Heart failure
428
I50
Cerebrovascular disease
430–438
I60–I69
Stroke
430–434, 436
I60–I64
Peripheral arterial disease
440–444
I70–I74
Atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries
I70.2
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
I71.3–I71.4
Transient ischaemic attack
435
G45
Congenital heart disease
745–746
Q20–Q26
Source: WHO 2019.
The change in classification between ICD-9 and ICD-10 has resulted in a break in the underlying cause of death series between 1996 and 1997. Where available, comparability factors been applied to allow underlying cause of death data to be compared across this time period (Table 2).
Condition
Comparability factor
1.00
1.01
0.83
Heart failure & cardiomyopathy
0.98
(a)0.97
Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
0.69
(b)1.12
(a) Uses the comparability factor for Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries (ICD–10 codes I70–I79).
(b) Uses the comparability factor for Congenital malformations of the circulatory system (ICD–10 codes Q20–Q28).
Source: ABS 2009.
For hospital diagnoses and procedures, a classification modified for Australia is used. Hospital data to 1997–98 used the ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Conditions, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) classification. After 1997–98, the ICD-10-AM classification (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Conditions, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification) was used.
Diagnosis and procedure data for 2020–21 were reported to the NHMD using the 11th edition of the ICD-10-AM (ACCD 2018a), incorporating the Australian Classification of Health Interventions (ACHI) (ACCD 2018b) (Tables 3 and 4).
For emergency department diagnoses, a classification modified for Australia, the ICD-10-AM (11th Revision) shortlist was used (Table 3).
ICD–9-CM codes
ICD–10-AM codes
ICD-10-AM shortlist
I00–I99, excluding I84 (haemorrhoids)
I20.0, I20.9, I21.3, I21.4, I21.9, I24.9, I25.9
I48.9
I60.9, I61.9, I62.0, I62.9, I63.9, I64
I71.1, I71.2, I71.3, I71.4, I71.9, I72.9, I73.9, I74.9
Source: ACCD 2018a and IHACPA 2022.
Health intervention
ACHI code
Diagnostic procedures
Coronary angiography
Block no: 668
Echocardiography
Block no: 1942
Therapeutic procedures
Heart valve repair / replacement
Block no: 621–638
Pacemaker insertion
Block no: 650
Cardiac defibrillator implant
Block no: 653
Heart transplant
Block no: 660
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Block no: 670, 671
Coronary artery bypass graft
Block no: 672–679
Carotid endarterectomy
Procedure code: 33500-00
Source: ACCD 2018b.
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes are used in this report to classify medicines. This classification groups medicines according to the body organ or system they act upon, their therapeutic characteristics, and their chemical characteristics.
A list of the medicine groups included in this report is shown in Table 5.
More information on the ATC classification system can be found at the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology.
ATC code
Description
B01
Antithrombotic agents
C
Cardiovascular system
C01
Cardiac therapy
C02
Antihypertensives
C03
Diuretics
C04
Peripheral vasodilators
C05
Vasoprotectives
C07
Beta-blocking agents
C08
Calcium-channel blockers
C09
Renin-angiotensin system agents
C10
Lipid-modifying agents
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