Undetermined intent

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In cases where the cause of injury is known but it is unclear if the act was accidental or intentional, hospital and death records can be coded to identify that the intent was undetermined.

Injuries of undetermined intent resulted in around:

This represents 0.7% of injury hospitalisations and 1.7% of injury deaths.

Causes of hospitalisation

The most frequent causes of hospitalisation for injuries of undetermined intent in 2021–22 were various kinds of poisoning, followed by contact with blunt objects (Table 1).

Notes

1. Rates are crude per 100,000 population.
2. Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding.
3. Codes in brackets refer to the ICD-10-AM (11th edition) external cause codes (ACCD 2019).

Source: AIHW National Hospital Morbidity Database.

For more detail, see Data tables B33–34.

Causes of death

The most frequent causes of injury death in this category in 2020–21 were various kinds of poisoning (Table 2).

Notes

1. Rates are crude per 100,000 population.
2. Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding.
3. Codes in brackets refer to the ICD-10 external cause codes (WHO 2011).

Source: AIHW National Mortality Database.

For more detail, see Data tables E45–47.

Trends over time

Over the period from 2017–18 to 2021–22, the age-standardised rate of hospitalisation for injuries of undetermined intent decreased by an annual average of 6.9%. From 2012–13 to 2016–17 there was little change.

There is a break in the time series for hospitalisations between 2016–17 and 2017–18, due to a change in data collection methods (see the Technical notes for details).

For deaths from injuries of undetermined intent, there was an average annual decrease in rate between 2011–12 and 2020–21 of 3.1% (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Hospitalisations and deaths from injuries of undetermined intent, by sex and year

For more detail, see Data tables C1–3 and F1–4

Seasonal differences

Hospitalisations due to injuries of undetermined intent do not show an obvious seasonal pattern.

Some categories of injury do show a seasonal pattern – see the interactive display.

Figure 2: Seasonal differences in hospitalisations for injuries of undetermined intent, 2019–20 to 2021–22

Notes

1. Admission counts have been standardised into two 15-day periods per month.
2. A scale-up factor has been applied to June admissions to account for cases not yet separated.

Source: AIHW National Hospital Morbidity Database.

Age and sex differences

Rates of hospitalisation for injuries of undetermined intent in 2021–22 were highest in the 15–24 age group, and higher for males. Rates of death in 2020–21 were highest in the 45–64 age group (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Hospitalisations and deaths from injuries of undetermined intent, by age group and sex

For more detail, see Data tables A1–3 and D1–3.

Severity

There are many ways that the severity, or seriousness, of an injury can be assessed. Some of the ways to measure the severity of hospitalised injuries are:

• number of days in hospital
• time in an intensive care unit (ICU)
• time on a ventilator
• in-hospital deaths.

The average number of days in hospital for injuries in this category was below the average for all hospitalised injuries, but the percentage of hospitalisations that included time in an ICU or involved continuous ventilatory support were much higher than for all hospitalised injuries in 2021–22. Rates of in-hospital death were above average (Table 3).

Note: Average number of days in hospital (length of stay) includes admissions that are transfers from 1 hospital to another or transfers from 1 admitted care type to another within the same hospital, except where care involves rehabilitation procedures.

Source: AIHW National Hospital Morbidity Database.

For more detail, see Data tables A13–15.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people:

• there were 365 hospitalisations for injuries of undetermined intent in 2021–22 (Table 4)
• males had higher rates of hospitalisation
• hospitalisation rates were highest among people aged 25–44, compared with other life stage age groups (Figure 4)
• there were 16 deaths from injuries of undetermined intent in 2020–21 (Table 5).

Note: Rates are crude per 100,000 population.

Source: AIHW National Hospital Morbidity Database.

Notes

1. Rates are crude per 100,000 population.
2. Deaths data only includes data for New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, and the Northern Territory.

Source: AIHW National Mortality Database.

Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians

In 2020–21, Indigenous Australians were 3.5 times as likely as non-Indigenous Australians to be hospitalised with injuries of undetermined intent (Table 6).

Notes

1. Rates are age-standardised per 100,000 population.
2. ‘Non-Indigenous Australians’ excludes cases where Indigenous status is missing or not stated.

Source: AIHW National Hospital Morbidity Database.

The rate of hospitalisations for injuries of undetermined intent was highest among the 25–44 life-stage age group for Indigenous Australians and the 15–24 age group for non-Indigenous Australians (Figure 4).

Deaths data are not presented because of small numbers.

Figure 4: Hospitalisations for injuries of undetermined intent, by Indigenous status, by age group and sex, 2021–22

For more detail, see Data tables A4–A6 and D4–D8.

Remoteness

In 2021–22, people living in Remote areas, compared with people living in Inner regional, were 1.8 times as likely to be hospitalised due to injuries of undetermined intent (Table 7).

Note: Rates are age-standardised per 100,000 population.

Source: AIHW National Hospital Morbidity Database.

The highest rate of hospitalisations for injuries of undetermined intent was among the 15–24 age group living in Remote areas of Australia. (Figure 5).

Deaths data are not presented here because of small numbers.

Figure 5: Hospitalisations for injuries of undetermined intent, by remoteness, by age group and sex, 2021–22

For more detail, see Data tables A7–9 and D9–10.

For information on how the statistics were calculated by remoteness, see the technical notes.

Data details

Technical notes: how the data were calculated

Data tables: download the full tables

Glossary

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